青岛的中国小提琴之最

徐学圣

中国第一把小提琴诞生在青岛

1935年青岛市立中学（现青岛一中）音乐教师王玫，经过两年的精心研究，用了四个月的时间，完全选用中国木料，制作出了中国第一把小提琴。

中国第一位小提琴教授——谭抒真

谭抒真1907年生于青岛，青少年时代在青岛、北京、上海随多名外籍教师学小提琴。1925年入上海美专学习音乐与绘画，学习期间学校破格让他担任小提琴教师。1928年谭抒真赴日本东京跟捷克人约瑟夫·柯尼蒂学小提琴，此年上海美专校长刘海粟聘他为音乐系小提琴教授。1947年他又任国立上海音专小提琴教授。新中国成立后谭抒真任上海音乐学院副院长，管弦系主任，培养出袁培文、周彬佑、郑石生、盛中华、丁芷诺、薛伟等一批杰出的小提琴家。谭抒真是中国从事小提琴教学时间最长的教授（七十七年），在中国是无与伦比的，他开创领导了新中国的小提琴教育事业，他的名字和中国的小提琴事业紧密相连。

中国首届小提琴中国作品演奏比赛第一名——陈立新

为繁荣具有中国民族特色和时代气息的中国小提琴作品创作，提高新一代小提琴演奏家的民族自尊心和自信心，发展小提琴的中国学派。1987年在深圳举办了这一史无前例、意义重大的全国性比赛。经过五天三轮的角逐，陈立新以演奏技巧娴熟、全面、热情、奔放并充满强烈感染力而夺得第一名。

陈立新1959年生于青岛，4岁时随父亲陈玉亭学习小提琴，七岁便能登台演奏门德尔松小提琴协奏曲。1979年考入解放军艺术学院，现任中国歌剧舞剧院交响乐团团长兼首席小提琴。

中国首张古典音乐DVD唱片《梁祝》小提琴协奏曲独奏者——吕思清

中国第一张古典音乐DVD唱片选了10首最受欢迎的中外名曲，其中有中国交响乐的代表作《梁山伯与祝英台》小提琴协奏曲。演奏这首协奏曲的小提琴演奏家无计其数，各有千秋，但作者何占豪、陈刚则认为吕思清的演奏最接近作品构思和意境，也是最具个性和创造性的民族的表演与诠释，所以他们听后激动地流下了眼泪。DVD《梁祝》演奏者必选吕思清无疑。这张高质量、高品位、高水平的DVD深受欢迎。吕思清对自己的演奏也很满意，因为他是倾注心血来演奏的。陈刚更是对吕思清的演奏給予极其权威的评价：对中国文化有较高的悟性，演奏技巧一流兼具时代感，对《梁祝》的诠释别具一格，韵味十足。

吕思清1969年生于青岛，四岁时随父亲吕超青、叔叔吕锡悦学习小提琴，八岁时被中央音乐学院附小破格录取，十一岁时被世界著名小提琴大师梅纽因选到美国天才音乐学校深造。十七岁获帕格尼尼比赛第一名。

中国第一位夺取小提琴艺术最高奖（意大利国际《帕格尼尼》小提琴比赛）一等奖获得者——吕思清

素有“小提琴之王”之称的帕格尼尼是意大利小提琴大师，音乐史上最杰出的小提琴演奏家之一。意大利《帕格尼尼》小提琴比赛是当代世界最重要的高水平国际赛事之一。1987年已是第34届比赛，其中前两届因无人达到规定标准而没有评出第一名，所以本届比赛格外引人注目。中国第一次派选手参加比赛，在强手如林的情况下，经过紧张、激烈的竞争，中国的吕思清以“炉火纯青的技巧”、“恰如其分的情感表达”，力克群雄，一举夺取了本届比赛第一名。评委会主席非常荣幸地宣布：“终于有了一等奖了。”在帕格尼尼大奖赛的领奖舞台上也第一次有了东方人的名字。

中国第一张CD唱片《梁祝》小提琴协奏曲独奏者——窦君怡

1986年中国与香港宝丽金公司联合录制中国第一张CD唱片，并将在荷兰刻模印制。在选拔小提琴独奏者时公司要求非常严格。在众多竞选者中当时还是上海音乐学院学生的窦君怡一举夺魁。中国对第一张CD也很重视，特请中央乐团协奏，由资深指挥家韩中杰执棒《梁祝》作者何占豪亲自监制。录制获得成功，该唱片获得了中国金唱片奖。由于窦君怡出色的演奏，他被誉为是第三代演奏《梁祝》的杰出代表。（第一代俞丽拿，第二代沈蓉，第四代吕思清）。

窦君怡1962年生于青岛，自幼随父亲窦世杰学习小提琴，中学时考入青岛市歌舞团，17岁时就当上了独奏演员。1982年随团赴上海演出引起极大轰动。后考入上海音乐学院，毕业后进入上海交响乐团，后又加入新加坡交响乐团。现任世界著名交响乐团——荷兰鹿特丹交响乐团首席小提琴。

中国最年轻的小提琴比赛世界

冠军——李传韵

维尼亚夫斯基是十九世纪享有国际声誉的小提琴家、作曲家，他是自帕格尼尼之后世界真正称得起发展了帕格尼尼艺术成就，并使自己达到完善的小提琴家。

1991年在波兰举行第五届维尼亚夫斯基国际青年小提琴比赛。少年组年龄为11-16岁，但一般参加比赛的选手大都十五、六岁，小一点的也得十三、四岁。当年只有十一岁的李传韵以出色的演奏在43名参赛选手中脱颖而出，被来自十一个国家的20多名评委毫无争议地评为第一名，成为该比赛以来最年轻的冠军得主，被誉为“天才神童”。

李传韵1980年生于青岛，三岁时随双亲学习小提琴，五岁参加北京少年儿童比赛获第一名，被著名小提琴教授林耀基赏识并成为其学生。1986年定居香港。

中国第一位演奏、录制帕格尼尼《24首随想曲》全集的演奏家——李传韵

帕格尼尼《24首随想曲》作于1820年，在这部作品中，作曲家探索了小提琴技巧的各个方面，其演奏难度历来被公认为是对每一位小提琴演奏家的严峻考验，是小提琴演奏的试金石，到目前为止还没有超过它的作品。《24首随想曲》在小提琴的曲目中具有独特的魅力，对后来浪漫派作曲家产生了巨大影响。

1993年，13岁的李传韵在香港文化中心举行了专场音乐会，曲目就是《24首随想曲》，音乐会非常成功，人们很难置信这竟是一个十三岁的孩子演奏的，让听众目瞪口呆，一时成为新闻热点。著名指挥家李德伦曾说：“李传韵具有精彩绝伦的技巧，真是个神童。”

China's First Violin Was Produced in Qingdao

In 1935, following two years of careful research, Wang Mei, a teacher of Qingdao Municipal School (present-day Qingdao No. 1 Middle School), made China's first violin using Chinese wood in four months.

Tan Shuzhen: China's First Violin Professor

Tan Shuzhen was born in 1907 in Qingdao. In his childhood, he studied violin with many foreign teachers in Qingdao, Beijing and Shanghai. Engaging in violin teaching for 77 years, Tan Shuzhen initiated violin education in New China. His name, therefore, is closely connected with China's violin cause.

Chen Lixin: Champion of China's First National Violin Competition Performing Chinese Works

With a view to promoting the creation of Chinese violin works with Chinese national characteristics and the characteristics of the times, enhancing national self-esteem and the self-confidence of the new generation of violinists, and developing the Chinese violin style, in 1987, this unprecedented national competition was held in Qingdao. Through three turns of competitions in five days, Chen Lixin emerged as champion.

Lu Siqing: China's First Winner of the First Prize of the Paganini Competition The Paganini Violin Competition is one of the world's top competitions. In 1987, when the 34th Paganini Competition was held, China for the first time sent players to participate in this event. Lu Siqing from Qingdao, China won the first prize. For the first time, the Chinese name appeared on the prize list of this competition.

Dou Junyi: Soloist of China's First CD of Violin Concerto Liang-Zhu

In 1986, China planned to record its first CD by means of cooperation with Hong Kong-based PolyGram and would make the CD mold in Holland. The company had strict requirements when selecting the violin soloist. From the numerous competitors, Dou Junyi, who was still a student of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, was selected. China attached great importance to the first CD it would record. China Central Symphony Orchestra was invited to perform the concerto. Senior conductor Han Zhongjie was responsible for conducting. He Zhanhao, composer of Liang-Zhu acted as the supervisor. Finally this album was granted the China Gold Album Prize. Zou Yijun's remarkable performance was honored as an outstanding representative of the third generation of performance of Liang-Zhu.

Li Chuanyun: China's Youngest World Champion

In 1991, when the Fifth Wieniawski International Youth Violin Competition was held in Poland, the age limits for the teen group were 11 to 16. However, most of the competitors were 15 or 16 years old. The younger ones were at the age of 13 or 14. With his remarkable performance, 11-year-old Li Chuanyun showed himself among the 43 competitors and was appraised the best player by a panel of more than 20 judges from eleven different countries. As the youngest champion since this competition was held, Li Chuanyun was honored as a "child prodigy." Lu Siqing: Soloist of the Violin Concerto Liang-Zhu, China's First DVD of Classical Music

China's firs DVD of classical music collected 10 pieces of the most popular Chinese and western classical music, among which there is the violin concerto Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, a representative work played by the China Central Symphony Orchestra. Countless violinists have performed this concerto. However, the composers of the concerto He Zhanhao and Chen Gang were of the opinion that only Lu Siqing's personal and creative performance could satisfy their requirements and showcase the national characteristics of the concerto.

Li Chuanyun: China's First Violinist Playing and Recording a CD of Paganini: 24 Capricci for Solo Violin Op.1

Paganini's 24 Capricci was composed in 1820. In this musical work, the composer made an exploration of all aspects of the violin performance skills. Therefore, the performance difficulty has always been regarded as a severe test for every violinist and a touchstone to test their violin performance level. Thus far, no other musical work can exceed its level.

In 1993, at the age of 13, Li Chuanyun held a special concert at Hong Kong Cultural Center, at which he played Paganini's 24 Capricci. The concert was very successful. China's famous violin educator Professor Lin Yaoji pointed out: "When he was 13 years old, Li Chuanyun has solved all the technical problems in violin performance."