“形容词的最高级”焦点访谈

刘　灿

焦点一：最高级的表达含义

英语中，当三者或三者以上的人或事物作比较时，若其中的一方在某方面最为突出时要用形容词的最高级来表达。它的基本句型为“A+系动词+the+最高级+of/in短语”，其中，形容词的最高级之前一定要用定冠词the。介词短语表示比较范围，其中，of之后接可数名词或all等代词，主语和of后的名词属于同一类；in之后接一个组织、单位、团体之类的集体名词，表示的是比较的范围。例如：

Her MP4 is the most expensive of the three.

她的MP4是这三台中最贵的。

Tony is the best student in our class. 托尼是我们班上最好的学生。

焦点二：最高级的构成

形容词的最高级的构成一般分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。

1．规则变化见下表：

2．少数形容词的最高级形式是不规则的，须单独记忆。例如：

good/well→best；ill/bad→worst；many/much→most；

little→least；old→oldest/eldest；far→farthest/furthest

焦点三：最高级的主要句型

1．“A+系动词+the+最高级+of/in短语”表示“在……范围内A最……”。例如：

Gao Qiang is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上高强个子最高。

2．“A+be+one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“A是最……的之一”。

特别提醒：该句型中，one of后面的名词要用复数形式。例如：

我们学校是我市最好的学校之一。

误：Our school is one of the best school in our city.

正：Our school is one of the best schools in our city.

3．“Which/Who+系动词+the+最高级，A、B or C？”表示“A、B、和C，哪个/谁最……？”。例如：

Which is the most dangerous, a bus, a train or a plane?

汽车，火车和飞机，哪个最危险？

Who is the heaviest, Kate, Tom or Mike?

谁最重，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？

4．“…the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in+范围”表示“在……范围内……是第几的……”。例如：

The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.

长江是我国第一大河。

Dai Ming is the second tallest boy in our class.

戴明是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。

焦点四：最高级前的the

形容词的最高级之前通常要用定冠词the，但在下列情况下却不能用the：

1．最高级之前已有指示代词修饰时。例如：

That youngest man is her elder brother. 那个最年轻的人是她的哥哥。

2．最高级之前有物主代词修饰时。例如：

She is our best teacher. 她是我们最好的老师。

3．最高级之前有名词所有格修饰时。例如：

It is Gao Kuns happiest day. 这是高坤最快乐的一天。

4．两个或多个形容词最高级连用时，除第一个形容词最高级之前用定冠词the以外，其余的都要省去the。例如：

Please give the heaviest and biggest box to me.

请把那个最重最大的箱子给我。

焦点五：比较等级之间的转换

形容词的比较等级（即原级、比较级和最高级）的运用，是受上述规则制约的，但这也不是说是一成不变的，它们之间是可以相互转换的。一般分为以下几类：

1．原级与比较级之间的转换：

句型not so/as…as与比较级之间的转换。例如：

This car is not so/as expensive as that one.

=This car is cheaper than that one.

2．比较级与比较级之间的转换：

通常可以用形容词的反义词来作比较级间的转换。例如：

Kate is much taller than Mary.

=Mary is much shorter than Kate.

3．比较级与最高级之间的转换：

最高级+in+集体名词可转换为以下几种比较级结构：

A）比较级+than any other+单数名词；

B）比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词；

C）比较级+than+the others（或the other+复数名词）；

D）比较级+than+anyone else；

E）no one+谓语+比较级+than+sb./sth.。例如：

This unit is the most difficult in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any other unit in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any of the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the others in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than the other units in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than anyone else in this book.

=This unit is more difficult than any unit else in this book.

=No one is more difficult than this unit in this book.

【即时操练】

Ⅰ.“雾里挑花”显真功。

1. Whose house is ____ the school in your class?

A. far B. the farthest

C. far from D. the farthest from

2. Tingting is cleverer than I ____.

A. do B. am C. doing D. to

3. Tony is more careful than ____ in our class.

A. any girl B. any other C. any boy D. anybody

4. ——Which is ____ season in Beijing?

——I think its autumn.

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

5. Which subject is ____, English or Maths?

A. interesting B. most interesting

C. more interesting D. the most interesting

6. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second ____ island in China.

A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large

7. He is ____ more careful than anyone else in his class.

A. more B. very C. any D. much

8. You have more apples than ____. But mine ____ bigger than yours.

A. me; is B. I; are C. mine; is D. mine; are

Ⅱ.“超强纠错”硬道理。

1. Her schoolbag is heavier than I.

2. His sister is the shortest of the two.

3. Xiao Ma is most careless in his class.

4. Which one is better, the white one and the black one?

5. Shanghai is larger than any city in China.

Ⅲ.“异曲同工”真本领。

1. Simon has the longest journey.

Simon has ____ journey ____ the others.

2. London is larger than any other city in England.

London is ____ ____ city in England.

3. Fangfang has ten CDs and Weiwei has eight CDs.

Fangfang has ____ ____ CDs than Weiwei.

4. Our basketball team is much stronger than the other two.

Our basketball team is ____ ____ of the ____.

5. Which is your favourite journey?

Which journey do you ____ ____?

参考答案：

Ⅰ.1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.B

Ⅱ.1.I→mine 2.shortest→shorter 3.在most前加the 4.and→or 5.在city前加other

Ⅲ.1.longer, than 2.the largest 3.two more 4.the strongest, three 5.like best