分辨hope和wish
2008-11-26张祥美
张祥美
乍一看, hope和wish都能表达“希望”,但这两种“希望”却大不相同。笔者希望通过本文,能帮助你辨别hope和wish的用法。
★ 从词性上看, hope和wish不仅可以用作动词,而且还可以用作名词。用作名词时, hope和wish既可用作可数名词,也可以用作不可数名词。例如:
My hope is to be a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。
This new medicine will give hope to you. Please dont lose hope. 这种新药会给你带来希望的。请不要失去希望。
With best wishes for a Happy New Year! 恭祝新年快乐!
They have no wish to be rich. 他们不想发财。
★ 从意义上看, hope多用于对某事的预想、盼望,这种愿望将来实现的可能性很大;而wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性很小,甚至是不可能实现。具体地说, wish后面宾语从句中的谓语动词应为过去式,用来表达现在或将来不大可能实现的愿望。例如:
I hope it will be fine the day after tomorrow. 我希望后天的天气会好起来。
I wish you had two wings and flew up in the blue sky. 我希望你生出双翅,翱翔蓝天。
★ 从结构上看,它们的用法既有相同之处,又有不同之处。
① 相同之处:
﹡hope和wish后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语。例如:
I hope/wish to watch another football match. 我希望再看一场足球赛。
I hope/wish to go boating with you. 我希望和你一起去划船。
﹡hope和wish后面都可跟宾语从句,但wish后面的宾语从句常表示几乎无法实现的愿望,这时,连词that通常可省略,而且that 从句中的谓语动词为虚拟语气。例如:
Her mother hopes that I will pass the exam. 她妈妈希望我能通过考试。
I wish I were you. 但愿我是你。
﹡hope和wish后面都不可以接动词的-ing形式作宾语。例如:
误: I cant come today, but I really hope/wish visiting you on Sunday.
正: I cant come today, but I really hope/wish to visit you on Sunday.
﹡hope和wish后面都可接介词for, 意为“期望、希望”。例如:
There is every reason to hope for success. 有充分的理由期望成功的到来。
This time we really wished for better results. 这次我们的确希望取得较好的成果。
② 不同之处:
wish 后面可以跟由“名词/代词 + 动词不定式”构成的复合宾语或由“间接宾语 + 直接宾语”构成的双宾语,即“wish sb to do sth”或“wish sb sth”, 而hope则不能这样用。例如:
I wish you to be happy. 我希望你幸福。 (wish不可用hope替代)
I wish you well. 祝您健康。 (wish不可用hope替代)
★ 使用hope和wish时,应注意:可以说“I hope so/not. (但愿如此。/希望不会。)”或“I dont hope so.”, 不可说“I wish so/not.”或“I dont wish so.”。例如:
—Our team will win. 我们的队会赢的。
—I hope so. 我希望如此。
—Will it rain the day after tomorrow? 后天会下雨吗?
—I hope not. 希望不会。
请大家做下面的练习,测一测自己是否掌握了hope和wish的用法。
Ⅰ. 用hope或wish填空。
1. Millie ______ to work in your school.
2. They ________ that their teacher wont tell their parents about it.
3. Henrys family ________ that they could visit the Great Wall at once.
4. Give our best ________ to your teacher.
5. —Can she finish her homework today?
—I________so.
Ⅱ. 选择填空
1. I wish that I _______ young again.
A. can be B. could be C. will be D. may be
2. I hope that I_________ your school soon.
A. am visiting B. visit C. will visit D. would visit
3. I hope _______ go to college in the future.
A. you to B. youll C. you could D. you
4. She has some _______for success.
A. hopes B. hope C. wish D. wishs
5. I _______ me alone.
A. wish you to leave B. hope you to leave
C. wish you leaving D. hope you leaving
Ⅲ. 根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。每空限填一词。
1. 我的愿望是长大后当一名教师。
My ________ is ____ _____a teacher when I grow up.
2. 我们期望下雨。
We_______ _____rain.
3. 我希望今天下午去游泳。
I ___ ____ ____swimming this afternoon.
4. —明天会是晴天吗?
—但愿如此。
—Will it be fine tomorrow?
—______ ______ ________.
5. 我希望你健康快乐。
I________ you _______ and happy.
Key:
Ⅰ. 1. hopes/wishes2. hope3. wish4. wishes5. hope
Ⅱ. 1-5 BCBAA
Ⅲ. 1. hope; to be2. hope/wish for3. hope/wish to go4. I hope so
5. wish; well