动词语态题高考考点透析

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英语语态用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。对动词语态的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,为便于学生掌握这一语言现象，本文将做如下 归纳分析。

被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化；含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

考点一：当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁或者强调动作的承受者，就采用被动语态。

I like these English songs and they____________many times on the radio. (08安徽)

A. taught____________B. have taught____________

C. are taught____________D. have been taught

【解析】 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时，they指代these English songs ，与teach之间又构成动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故答案选[D】。

考点二：含有宾语补足语的被动语态

有些动词如：consider, find, feel, make, think, keep, name, call后跟宾语+宾语补足语。将这一主动结构变为被动结构时，只需将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，这时它就成了主语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等。

(I) 行为动词

(1) The wet weather will continue tomorrow if a cold front____________ to arrive.（08全国）

A. is expected____________ B. is expecting

C. expects____________ D. will be expected

【解析】由主句使用将来时可知从句应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时；根据句子的意思expect与a cold front之间构成动宾关系，故答案选【A】。

(II) 感官动词和使役性动词后接不定式作宾语补足语

在主动句中，感官动词（see, watch, hear, listen to等）和使役动词（make ,have）后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；但改为被动语态后，要加上不定式符号to；若作宾语补足语的动词与宾语构成动宾关系，则宾语补足语用过去分词。

(1) To learn English well, we should findopportunities to hear English____________ as much as we can.（08江苏）

A. speak ____________ B. speaking ____________

C. spoken ____________ D. to speak

【解析】 hear与English之间构成动宾关系，所以用过去分词做宾语补足语。故答案选【C】。

(2) Paul doesnt have to be made____________ .He always works hard . (95NMET)

A. learn____________ B. to learn____________

C. learned____________D. learning Key:【B】

但动词let其被动结构中不定式仍不带to。Catherine is let go.

考点三：含有双宾语的被动语态

有些动词如：give, tell, buy作谓语后可____________带双宾语。含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语；当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时，间接宾语前应加介词to或for。

(1) —Do you have any problems if you___________________ this job? （08湖南）—Well, Im thinking about the salary…

A. offer____________B. will offer____________

C. are offered____________D. will be offered

【解析】offer后接双宾语，所以主语是offer动作的承受者，故用被动形式；而由if 引导的时间状语从句，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故答案选【C】。

(2) This book is given to you.

考点四：含有情态动词或be going to 的被动语态

这一结构是由“情态动词或be going to / be about to / used to / be to /have to等)+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

I am going to be given a book.

Measures must be taken to prevent the river being polluted.

考点五：短语动词的被动语态

有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词中的介词或副词。

(1) More attention should be paid__________our education if possible.(95上海)

A. to developingB. to development

C. to develop____________ D. for developing

____________________________________ Key:【A】

(2) Has the doctor been sent for?

考点六：“get+及物动词的过去分词”构成的被动语态

这种结构一般指动作的结果而非动作本身，常表示“状态的改变”。

Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to____________before the party.(04全国)

A. get changedB. get change

C. get changingD. get to changed

____________________________________Key:【A】

考点七：非谓语动词中的被动语态

(1)____________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (08陕西)

A. Having shown B. To be shown

C. Having been shownD. To show

【解析】 we 与show around 构成动宾关系，所以用被动式，并且show around 这一动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式的被动式, 所以答案选【C】。

考点八：含有名词性从句的被动语态

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句则变成了主语从句。这种结构也可以改为“主语 + be + 过去分词 + 动词不定式”形式。

(1)At the end of the meeting, it was an nounc-ed that an agreement____________.(07江苏)

A. has been reached B. had been reached

C. has reached D. had reached

____________________________________Key:【B】

常见的含有名词性从句的被动结构的句型有：

It is ordered that… ____________根据命令……

It is reported that… ____________据报道…… It is well known that… ____________ 众所周知……

It must be admitted that… 必须承认……

It is required that… ____________ 根据要求……

It must be pointed out that… 必须指出……

It is generally considered that… 大家认为……

考点九：结合被动语态的省略形式

在when, while, if, unless, though等引导的时间、条件或让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句的主语和be动词。

—Who should be responsible for the accident?________________________

—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order____________.(08福建)

A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told

【解析】由as引导定语从句，tell后接双宾语，从句主语和主句的主语一致，且和tell之间是动宾关系，可补为：as they are told，省略从句的主语和be动词are，故答案选【A】。

巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。

1．____________ for nearly 90 hours, three girls who had no access to any food and water for two days were rescued at last.

A. To be buried B. Being buried

C. Having been buriedD. Having buried

2． Only after my friend came____________.

A. did the computer repair

B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired

D. the computer was repaired

3． The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945 and their power____________ increased enormously ever since.

A. isB. was C. has been D. had been

4． —Your job is well done.____________ you__________________for it ?—Yes. And I got extra $ 500 as a reward __________yesterday.

A. Have; paid B. Have; got paid

C. Did; get paid D. Were; paid

5． —The T308 express train derailed innorthern Japan last night.—Tom____________; he happened to be on board.

A. may be hurt

B. may have hurt

C. can have been hurt

D. may have been hurt

6． The new dictionaries are very useful. They__________ well and____________already

A. sell; sell out

B. sell; have been sold out

C. sold; had sold out

D. are sold; have been sold out

7． He was knocked down by a car. He has been taken to the hospital and____________by the doctors right now.

A. is operated B. is operating on

C. is being operated on D. is operated on

8． According to their predictions, more than 20,000 tourists are expected__________bythe hotel this year.

A. to be received B. to receive

C. receiving D. received

9． She is often listened____________English songs, but this time we had him____________a French song.

A. Sing; singB. sing; to sing

C. to sing; singD. to to sing; sing

10．Large quantities of rescue relief____________to the earthquake-hit areas each day.

A. is sending B. is being sent C. are sending D. are being sent

Keys：1—5 CCCBD____________6—10 BCADD