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新目标九年级Unit5重点词语讲解

2008-10-18姜经志

中学英语之友·下(综合版) 2008年9期
关键词:定冠词副词介词

姜经志

1. belong

①belong 是不及物动词,意为“属于”“归……所有”,后接介词to。例如:

All power belongs to the people. 一切权力属于人民。

Over the telephone, he spoke in a voice that did not seem to belong to him. 在电话里,他的说话声音都变了。

The bicycle belongs to Helen. 这辆自行车是海伦的。

②belong可作“是……的成员”解释。例如:

Which school do you belong to? 你是哪个学校的?

Tigers and cats belong to the same family of beasts.

虎与猫在兽类中属于同一种。

Most of the seeds we eat belong to a large group called grains.

我们食用的植物种子大部分都属于叫做谷物的一大类。

[拓展] belong不与to连用时,后面通常跟副词或其他的介词短语,作“应当在(某处)”“适合在(某处)”解释。例如:

That table belongs in the other room. 那张桌子是另外那个房间的。

Those words do not belong in modern dictionaries.

那些单词在现代的词典中查不到。

I refuse to go abroad; I belong here. 我不到外国去,我是这里的人。

A man of your ability belongs in writing.

具有你这样能力的人适合于写作。

Where do these things belong?这些东西应放在哪儿?

You dont belong in the beginners class. 你不适合在初修班。

[引申]belong的名词形式是belongings, 常用作复数“财物”“财产”解释。例如:

Are these your belongings? 这些是你的东西吗?

With all his earthly belongings, he couldnt make his life any longer.

他腰缠万贯,却还是无法延长自己的生命。

2. possibly

possibly 是副词,意为“可能,也许”,常用于肯定句中。例如:

It may possibly be true. 那也许是真的。

Possibly he was telling the truth. 也许他在说真话.

[拓展]possibly与can/could连用,起强调作用,用于疑问句中时,意为“难道”;用于否定句中时,意为“无论如何”。例如:

Could he possibly agree? 他难道会同意吗?

He cannot possibly forget it. 他无论如何不会忘记。

[引申]possibly, probably, perhaps, maybe这几个副词都有“可能”的意思。

possibly 意为“或许、也许”,所指的可能性较小。与may连用,表示的可能性更小。例如:

It may possibly be true. 也许是真的。

probably 意为“很有可能;十之八九”,其语意较强,可能性较大。注意在否定句中,probably不能紧跟在否定词之后。例如:

她不可能迟到。

[误] She wont probably be late.

[正] Probably she wont be late.

[正] She probably wont be late.

perhaps/maybe意为“也许”,含有“可能这样、也可能不这样”之意,两者的含义和用法基本相同,只是maybe多用于美式英语。例如:

Perhaps/Maybe it will rain tomorrow. 明天可能要下雨。

在这几个单词中,表示可能性最强的是probably, 其次是perhaps和maybe, 最弱的是possibly。

3. sky

sky是名词,意为“天”、“天空”,指从地球上看到的有云、太阳、星星等的天空。通常用作单数,与定冠词the连用,若有形容词修饰时,也可与不定冠词连用。例如:

There are some clouds in the sky. 天空中有一些云彩。

You can see all kinds of kites flying in a blue sky in spring.

春天你能看见蓝天上飞着各种各样的风筝。

[拓展]sky用作复数形式(skies)时,意为“天气,气候”。如:the sunny skies晴朗的天气

[引申] 与“天”有关的词还有space; universe等。

space 意为“宇宙”、“太空”、“空间”,指天外星星、月亮等所存在的“空间”,一般不与冠词连用。例如:

It is our nearest neighbor in space. 在太空中它是我们最近的邻居。

space 还有“空间”、“地方”之意。例如:

There is a space in the centre of the town. 城镇中心有块空地。

universe 意为“宇宙”,常与定冠词连用。例如:

When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the moon, the sun and the stars, but also all the things too far away to see.

我们谈论宇宙时,不仅指地球、月亮、太阳和星星,也指所有远得看不见的东西。

4. noise

noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如:

Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs. The baby is asleep.

你上楼时尽量别弄出响声,孩子在睡觉。

The noise woke me up. 喧哗声吵醒了我。

[拓展]make a noise意为“吵闹”,“高声喧闹”;make a noise about sth. 意为“为某事吵吵嚷嚷”;make a noise in the world意为“名噪一时”。

[引申]表示“声音”的词还有voice, sound等,但意思稍有区别:

(1)voice 一般指人的说话声、歌声或笑声,也可用于指鸟鸣声或一些拟人化的声音。如:

The girl has a beautiful voice. 那女孩嗓音很美。

When the teacher came into the classroom, the monitor spoke in a loud voice, “Stand up!” 老师走进教室时,班长大声喊:“起立!”

They are talking in low voices. 他们在小声交谈。

(2)sound 泛指任何用耳朵能听到的声音。如:

I heard the sound of the bell. 我听见了铃声。

There was a sound of footsteps in the next room. 隔壁房间有脚步声。

Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。

5. count

count用作动词时,意为“计”,“值”。例如:

Can you count from one to a hundred in English?

你能用英语从1数到100吗?

There were forty people present, not counting the children.

出席者四十人,儿童未算在内。

Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.(谚语)

小鸡未孵出,尚不能算数。

[拓展]含count的常见短语有:

count out 点清

count up 结算

count on ones fingers 屈指计算

6. smell

smell用作名词时,意为“气味”,“嗅觉”。例如:

What a smell! 多难闻的气味啊!

Theres a smell of cooking. 有烹调的气味。

[拓展]smell还可以用作动词,意为“闻到;嗅”,“发出气味”,“发出臭味”等。例如:

I can smell something burning. 我闻到有东西烧着的气味。

The room smells of print. 这房间有油漆味。

The egg smells. 这只蛋臭了。

smell作连系动词用时,意为“闻起来”,常用主动结构表示被动意义。例如:

The flowers smell sweet. 鲜花闻起来很香。

The dinner smells good. 这饭菜闻起来很好。

7. final

final用作形容词,意为“最后的,最终的”。例如:

The final thing she did before she left the house was to lock the door. 她离开房子前做的最后一件事是锁门。

That was the final scene of a film. 那就是电影的最后场面。

[拓展]final 用作名词,意思为“决赛;期末考试”。

He lost in the final. 他在决赛中失利了。

[引申]final与last用法不同。

final 指“完结,终止”,不强调顺序性。

last 指一系列东西的最后一个,表顺序性。

Is this his final decision? 这是他的最终决定吗?

Who is the last man in the line? 谁是那一排的最后一位?

8. anxious

anxious 是形容词,意为“渴望”,“忧虑的”,“焦虑的”,“不安的”,后面可接动词不定式短语。例如:

They are anxious to know the result. 他们急于知道结果。

anxious后面也可接for, about引起的介词短语。例如:

The boy was anxious for a new pen. 那个小男孩渴望有一支新钢笔。

Some people feel anxious about the future. 有些人对前途感到不安。

We are anxious about your health. 我们关心你的身体。

anxious后接that从句时,从句须用虚拟语气。例如:

We are anxious that he should do his best. 我们渴望他竭尽全力。

9. neighbor

neighbor 指邻居或邻近的人或物,注意它和neighborhood的区别。

neighborhood指城市的一小块地区或某地区的人或与某处邻近的地区。

Were next-door neighbors. 我们是隔壁邻居。

We live in a rather rich neighborhood. 我们住在很富裕的住宅区。

10. interview

interview用作动词,意为“采访,会见,接见”。例如:

She was interviewed by a reporter about her marriage.

一个记者采访了她的婚姻生活。

He has interviewed a lot of people for the job.

关于这份工作,他已面试过很多人。

[拓展] interview还可用作名词“面试,采访”。

The president gave an interview on television last night.

总统昨晚在电视上接受了采访。

11. lift

lift用作动词时,意为“举起,抬起,搬起”;用作名词时,意为“电梯”,“搭(便车)”。例如:

The box was so heavy that I couldnt lift it.

这箱子太重了,我提不动。

He lifts the bag and runs away. 他提着那个袋子逃走了。

I took the lift to the fifth floor. 我乘电梯到了五楼。

[拓展] give sb. a lift 让某人搭乘便车。

He gave me a lift to the station in his car.

他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。

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