一般将来时的表示方法
2008-09-03李国勤
李国勤
表示一般将来时的方法主要有以下几种:1.will/shall+动词原形;2.be going to+动词原形;3.be+to+动词原形。现将它们的各种用法功能简述如下:
一、表示“预测,预计”等意思。
当我们作“预测”时,用“will/shall+动词原形”或“be going to+动词原形”表示,不用现在进行时。例如:
1. I think itll rain this evening./I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今天晚上天要下雨。
2. You are going to hate this party./You will hate this party.
你将不喜欢这次聚会。
但是,当提及在某种条件下,一般用“will/shall+动词原形”表示,而不用“be going to+动词原形”表示。例如:
If you work hard, you will pass the test easily.
如果你努力学习,你会很容易地通过考试的。
不能说:If you work hard, you are going to pass the test.
在口语中,“I bet/I hope”后面的从句可以用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如:
I bet she likes the flowers.(=I bet she will like the flowers.)我敢说她会喜欢这些花的。
二、表示“已经确定”的意思。
有些句子,表示的既是将来,同时又是现在的情况。当你说“Shes going to have a baby.”时,不仅包含将来的信息(她将要生孩子了),而且也包含现在的信息(她已怀孕了)。在这种情况下,通常用“be going to+动词原形”表示。例如:
The Greens are coming to dinner.格林夫妇要来吃晚饭。(邀请已经发出,并且对方接受了邀请。)
“be going to+动词原形”还可表示强烈的决心。例如:
Im going to get to the top even if it kills me.
即使要了我的命,我也要爬到顶上。
三、表示“某种决定”的意思。
当我们谈及“已作出一项决定”时,一般用“will+动词原形”表示。(除了疑问句外,很少用“shall+动词原形”,且常用缩略式“‘ll”) 例如:
——The phone is ringing. 电话响了。
——Ill answer it. 我去接吧。
如果要问我们应当如何决定,就用“shall+动词原形”表示。例如:
What shall we do?我们该怎么办?
四、表示“威胁,允诺”等意思。
表示“威胁”或“允诺”时,第一人称常用“I/We+will(ll)+动词原形”表示。但是,也可用“…+be going to+动词原形”表示。第二人称和第三人称可以用“You/He/She/They+shall+动词原形”表示。例如:
I promise I wont get drunk again./I promise Im not going to get drunk again. 我保证决不再喝醉了。
You shall be punished. 你会受到处罚的。
He shall suffer for this!他会为此而吃苦头的。
五、表示“建议,请求”的意思。
当表示“提议为别人做某事”或“请求别人做某事”时,通常用“Shall I/We……?” 表示;表示建议时,常用“Will you…?” 表示。例如:
Shall I fetch some water for you?要我去给你打些水来吗?
Will you help me to carry the box?请你帮我提一下盒子好吗?
六、表示“意图,自愿,坚持”等意思。
表示“强烈的意图,自愿做某事”或“坚持做某事”时,第一人称可用“will+动词原形”表示,通常不用“shall+动词原形”。例如:
I will write to her tomorrow. 明天我将给她写信。
I will stop smoking—I really will!我要戒烟了—我真的要戒了!
当will表示“意图”时,在句中一般不重读,并且不可缩略为“‘ll”;表示“坚持做某事”时,will必须重读,而且不可缩略为“‘ll”。例如:
Why will you go there?你为什么想去那儿?(表示意图)
I will do as I like. 我要做我想做的事。(表示坚持)
七、表示“征求意见”的意思。
当征求听话人的“意见”或“意图”时,用“Shall I/We…?”表示。例如:
Shall I carry your suitcase?(=Do you want me to carry your suitcase?) 要我给你提箱子吗?
Shall we have dinner now?(=Do you agree to our having dinner now?) 我们现在吃晚饭好吗?
八、表示“习惯性动作,性格特征”或“自然属性”的意思。
will可以用来表示“习惯性动作,性格特征”或“自然属性”的意思。例如:
Pigs will eat anything. 猪是什么都吃的。
Oil will float on water.(=Oil floats on water.) 油漂在水上。
九、表示“计划,安排,打算”的意思。
“be going to+动词原形”结构常用来表示“计划,安排”或“打算”的意思,“be+to+动词原形”结构也可以表示按“计划,安排”将要发生的动作。例如:
What are you going to do today?你今天打算干什么?
I am to see my sister at six oclock this evening.
我打算今晚6点钟去看我妹妹。
巩固练习:单项选择
1. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ____.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
2. Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
3. ——Youve left the light on.
——Oh, so I have. ____ and turn it off.
A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going
4. It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
5. ——Can I join your club, Dad?
——You can when you ____ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as
she ____.
A. will arrive B. arrives
C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
7. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
8. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____
from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
9. ——When will you come to see me, Dad?
——I will go to see you when you ____ the training course.
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. are finishing D. finish
Key(3)