Units1-2重难点解析
2008-08-26刘捷
刘 捷
1. Practise describing people and debating. 练习描写人物和辩论。
(1)debate可作不及物动词,表示“辩论,争论”,常用于debate with sb. about/upon sth.结构。例如:
I debated with Tom about the question. 我和汤姆争论这个问题。
(2)debate还可作及物动词,表示“辩论,争论”,也可以表示“考虑”的意思,其后常接名词、动名词、wh-从句或短语。例如:
They debated closing the factory.
他们争论是否关闭工厂。(接动名词)
Im debating where to go on holiday.
我在琢磨到何处度假。(接wh-短语)
The government is debating the education laws.
政府正在就教育法进行辩论。(接名词)
(3)debate可用作名词,表示“辩论,讨论,辩论会”,常用于have a debate against/over…结构,表示“辩论反对/就某事辩论”之意。例如:
They are having a debate against buying a new car.
他们就是否买新车正进行辩论。
相关链接:
(1)形容词debatable表示“值得辩论的,有争议的”。例如:a debatable statement有争议的陈述。
(2)debate, argue都有“辩论,争论”之意,debate较argue更为正式,通常指在裁判的控制下,遵循特定规则进行的公开辩论;argue指坚持自己的观点,并力求说服对方而进行争论,有时甚至近似于一场争吵。例如:
This subject has been hotly debated. 这个题目已被热烈地讨论过。
I dont want to argue with you tonight. 今晚我不想和你争吵。
2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious. 对显而易见事物的分析需要不同寻常的大脑。
(1)undertake是一个不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词分别为undertook, undertaken。最常用的意思是“从事,着手,负担,承担(责任/做某事)”;还有“同意,答应”的意思,常用于undertake+n./to do sth.;另外还有“保证”的意思,后接从句。例如:
We undertook the task of cleaning the house. 我们着手打扫房屋。
Ill undertake all the camping cooking. 野营中,烧饭将由我承担。
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
他同意星期五前完成这项工作。
We cant undertake that we shall finish it in time.
我们不能保证及时完成。
(2)analysis是名词,表示“分析,分解”时,是不可数名词;表示“一次分析”时,是可数名词,复数形式为analyses。例如:
That newspaper has a very good analysis of the political situation.
那份报纸对政治形势作了很好的分析。
常用短语in the final/last analysis表示“归根结底”的意思。例如:
All real education is self-education in the final analysis.
真正的教育归根结底是自我教育。
analyse/analyze是其动词形式,一般为及物动词,意思是“分析”。例如:
The chemist analyzed the new tonic and found it contained poison.
药剂师对这种新补药做了化验分析,发现有毒。
3.…a promising graduate student at one of the top universities in the world. ……前途光明的研究生,且就读于一所世界一流的大学。
(1)句中promising是形容词,表示“有希望的,有前途的”。例如:
The wheat crop looks promising. 看来小麦有望获得好收成。
(2)其动词形式promise表示“答应,允诺”“有希望,有可能”,表明会有某种情况。常用结构有:promise+名词/代词;promise sb. sth.; promise (sb.) to do sth.; promise (sb.)+that从句。例如:
He promised me a present for my birthday.
他答应送我一件生日礼物。
You must promise (me) to take a good rest before you come back to work. 你一定要答应我,要好好休息几天再来上班。
You promised Aunt Huang that you would step in to see her today.
你答应过黄阿姨,今天要顺道去看她。
The maths examination promised to be a difficult one.
看来这次数学测试比较难。
A heavy snow promises a good harvest year. 瑞雪兆丰年。
相关链接:
(1)promise还可以用作不及物动词,表示“允诺,答应”。例如:
Ill try to come, but I cant promise.
我尽量来,不过我不能说一定来。
(2)promise还可以用作名词,表示“诺言,约定”。常用短语有:make/give a promise许下/提出诺言;keep a promise信守诺言;carry out a promise履行诺言;break a promise违背诺言。
4.By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions. 通过问为什么,如何,假如……将会怎样,好奇心能促使我们发现新的想法和解决方案。
(1)By asking why, how and what if,是由“介词+动名词”构成的短语,在句中作方式状语。例如:
He earned money by writing. 他靠写作挣钱。
(2)what if意为“倘若……将会怎样,要是……又怎样”。例如:
What if she finds out that youve lost her book?
倘若她知道你把她的书弄丢了怎么办?
What if he gets angry? 如果他生气会怎么样呢?
What if the rumour(谣言) is true? 万一谣言是真的呢?
5.Great scientists use their creativity and imagination to come up with new ideas. 伟大的科学家用他们的创造力和想像力来提出新的想法。
come up with意思是“想起,提出,拿出”。例如:
Doctors will have to come up with new methods of fighting against SARS. 医生要提出一些方法来战胜非典。
Were in big trouble if we dont come up with the money by 6 oclock. 如果在6点之前拿不出这些钱,我们就有大麻烦了。
相关链接:
表示“提出”,英语中常用的词组还有:put forward; bring up。
6.Two men robbed a bank in Shanghai. 在上海两名男子抢劫了一家银行。
rob作动词,表示“劫掠,盗取,抢夺”,常常指盗贼使用暴力从某人身上或从某处抢走或盗走,行为的直接对象是人或房舍、机械,常用结构rob sb./a place of sth.表示“从某人/某地抢走某物”。例如:
They robbed her of all her jewelry. 他们抢走了她所有的珠宝。
She was robbed of her bag. 她的包被抢了。
The disease robbed him of his strength. 疾病使他衰弱无力。
[注意]rob sb./a place of sth.在变为被动结构时,只能说sb./a place is robbed of sth.,不能说sth. is robbed。例如:
He had been robbed of his dignity(尊严). 他已失去了尊严。
相关链接:
注意rob与steal的区别。steal也指非法夺走他人财物的行为,但其行为的直接对象是物,常用于steal sth. from sb./sth.结构。
7.Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report and how to report them. 富有经验的编辑和记者可以根据自己以往的知识对报道什么,如何报道做出明智的决定。
inform作动词,表示“通知,告诉,获悉”,常用结构inform sb. of sth.表示“告知某人某事”;inform sb. that/wh-…表示“告知某人……”;inform sb.+疑问词+to do sth.表示“告知某人该做某事”。informed为过去分词作形容词,表示“明智的,有知识的,了解情况的”。例如:
He is a well-informed man. 他是个消息灵通的人。
She informed her teacher that she could not go to school.
她告诉老师,她不能上学。
You should keep us informed whenever you are in trouble.
你有麻烦就应该告知我们。
8.The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常有助于解决问题,使那些需要帮助的事态被关注。
draw attention to表示“引起对……的注意;把注意力吸引到……上来”。例如:
She drew attention to the handsome man.
那位帅哥引起了她的注意。
Her cry drew our attention to the running car.
她的哭泣声把我们的注意力吸引到那辆行驶的汽车上。
相关链接:
devote ones attention to专心于
call attention to… 唤起对……的注意
turn attention to… 将注意力转向……
fix ones attention on… 将注意力集中于……