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新目标八年级(上)Units1-2课文聊天室

2008-08-26姜经志

中学英语之友·中 2008年7期
关键词:副词谓语宾语

姜经志

Unit 1

Section A

1. What do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么?

on weekends 意为“在周末”、“每逢周末”,属于美国英语的用法。英国人则习惯于使用at weekends或at the weekend。例如:

They often have a party on/at weekends. 他们经常在周末聚会。

Sometimes they go to see a film on/at weekends. 有时他们在周末去看电影。

[练习]完成句子。

许多人在周末去购物。

Many people go shopping ____ ____.

[Key:on/at weekends]

2. I often go to the movies.

我经常去看电影。

often 意为“经常”,是频度副词。常见的频度副词还有always, usually, sometimes, hardly, never等。频度副词常常位于实义动词之前,be动词、情态动词及助动词之后。但sometimes的位置较为灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:

They are always late for school.

他们上学总是迟到。

The old man can hardly walk.

那位老人几乎不能走路。

[练习]完成句子。

托尼有时骑车去上学。

____ Tony goes to school by bike.

[Key:Sometimes]

3. They often go to the movies.

他们经常去看电影。

How often do you watch TV?

你(你们)多久看一次电视?

“看电视”、“看比赛”英语译为“watch TV”、“watch a match”。“看电影”可译为:see a film; go to a film; go to the films; go to see a film; go and see a film; go to the cinema; go to the movies等。

[练习]完成句子。

我喜欢看电视,不喜欢看电影。

I like ____ TV and I dont like ____ ____ ____ ____.

[Key: watching, going to the cinema/going to the movies]

4. Here are the results of the students activity survey at Green High School. 这是绿色中学学生活动情况调查的结果。

here, there置于句首且主语是名词时,主语和谓语要用倒装语序。例如:

Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

[特别提醒]当主语是代词时,主语和谓语不倒装。例如:

Here you are. 给你。

Here we are. 我们到了。

There he is. 他在那儿。

[练习]完成句子。

铃响了。

____ ____ the bell.

[Key:There goes]

5. As for homework, most students do homework every day. 谈到家庭作业,大多数学生每天做。

as for意为“至于,关于”。例如:

We all passed the examination, but as for him, he alone failed.

我们都及格了,但至于他,只有他一个人不及格。

I enjoy going to the movies. But as for the theater, I prefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影。但至于看戏,我宁愿留在家里。

[练习]完成句子。

我喜欢英语,至于数学,我一点也不喜欢。

I like English, but ____ ____ math, I dont like it at all.

[Key:as for]

Section B

1. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?

她的生活方式与你的生活方式是相同还是不同?

the same as意为“同……一样”。例如:

Lin Taos watch is the same as yours. 林涛的手表和你的一样。

be the same as 的反义词组为“be different from…”意为“与……不同”。例如:

English names are different from Chinese names.

英语的名字与汉语的名字不同。

[练习]完成句子。

这本词典与我的一样。

This dictionary is ____ ____ ____ mine.

[Key:the same as]

2.…but Im pretty healthy. ……但我相当健康。

此处的pretty作副词,意为“非常,相当”,可用来修饰形容词或副词,表示程度。该句中的“healthy”是形容词,意为“身体健康的”。例如:

The movie is pretty good. 那部电影非常好。

He is pretty old now. 他现在相当老了。

Although my grandmother is 80 years old, she is still healthy.

我的祖母虽然80岁了,但还是很健康。

[练习]完成句子。

她的英语非常好。

Her English is ____ good.

[Key:pretty/very]

3. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我尽量多吃蔬菜。

try to do sth. 表示“努力去做……,设法做……”的意思。例如:

Try to catch up with your classmates. 努力去赶上你的同学。

try的后面也可接V-ing形式,表示尝试着做某事。例如:

Lets try knocking at the window. 咱们敲窗户试试。

[练习]完成句子。

我要设法学好英语。

Ill ____ ____ ____ English well.

[Key:try to learn]

4. I hardly ever exercise. 我难得进行锻炼。

hardly作副词,意为“几乎不,几乎没有”。表示否定,通常置于实义动词之前,be动词和助动词之后。例如:

We hardly have time to play. 我们几乎没时间玩耍。

I can hardly understand them. 我简直无法理解他们所说的话。

ever用于否定句中,意为“无论何时都不……,至今不曾……”,可与含有否定意味的语句连用。例如:

We hardly ever eat out. 我们很少在外面吃饭。

[练习]完成句子。

我几乎不在外面吃饭。

I ____ ____ have dinner outside.

[Key: hardly ever]

5. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I do have one healthy habit. 所以尽管我的确有好的健康习惯,但也许我并不太健康。

汉语的“虽然……但是……”译成英语时,用了though/although就不可再用but;同样,用了but, 就不可再用though/although。例如:

虽然天很晚了,但他们仍继续工作。

误:Though it was late, but they still went on working.

正:Though it was late, they still went on working.

正:It was late, but they still went on working.

[练习]同义句转换。

It was very hot, but the football match still went on.

____ it was very hot, the football match still went on.

[Key: Although/Though]

6. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.

大量的蔬菜帮助你保持健康。

此处的keep作动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常跟形容词,副词或介词短语。本句中的“in good health”就是一个介词短语,表示“身体处于健康状态”。例如:

He keeps in the shade because it is very hot.

他一直呆在阴凉的地方,因为天气太热。

Keep along this road. 沿着这条路走。

[练习]同义句转换。

他们必须把手放在背后。

They must ____ their hands ____ their backs.

[Key:keep, behind]

Unit 2

Section A

1. Whats the matter? 怎么了?

这是医生问诊时的常用语,可以单独使用,也可与with连用。“Whats the matter with…”表示“……怎么啦?”。它也可用来表示“某物怎么了”。类似的说法还有:Whats wrong with…?/Whats…trouble? 例如:

Whats the matter with you? (=Whats your trouble?) 你怎么了?

Whats wrong with your computer? 你的电脑怎么了?

[练习]同义句转换。

Whats wrong with her bike?

Whats ____ ____ with her bike?

[Key:the matter]

2. I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。

have 后面接表示疾病的名词,指“生……病”、“患……病”,口语中常用have got代替have。例如:

——Whats the matter, David? 怎么啦,大卫?

——Im having a toothache. 我牙疼。

[特别提醒] ache和sore是两个与疼痛有关的词语,常与表示身体具体部位的名词构成合成词或短语,表示某一部位的疼痛。ache位于名词后面,sore位于名词前面。例如:

headache头痛;stomachache 胃疼;

backache背疼;toothache 牙疼;

earache 耳朵疼;sore throat 喉咙疼;

sore foot 脚疼;sore knee 膝盖疼

[练习]完成句子。

丹尼没来上课,因为他头疼得厉害。

Danny is not here for class because he ____ a bad ____.

[Key:has, headache]

3. I think so. 我认为是这样。

so置于think, hope, call, believe(相信), expect(期望), suppose(猜想) 等动词或be afraid后面,替代其后含肯定意义的宾语或宾语从句。例如:

——Can I pass this examination? 我能通过这次考试吗?

——Im afraid so. 恐怕能通过。

[练习]完成句子。

“今天下午天会下雨。”

“我想是这样。”

——Its going to rain this afternoon.

——____ ____ ____.

[Key:I think so]

4. You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。

should意为“应该”,后面接动词原形。例如:

We should help each other and learn from each other.

我们应该互相帮助,互相学习。

[练习]完成句子。

这药你应该一天吃三次。

You ____ ____ this medicine three times a day.

[Key:should take]

Section B

1. Eating Danshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃丹参和黄芪对此也有益处。

动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

电视看得太多对你的眼睛有害。

Eating one apple a day is good for your health.

每天吃一个苹果对你的身体有益。

[练习]完成句子。

晚饭后散步对你的身体有好处。

Taking a walk after supper ____ ____ ____ your health.

[Key:is good for]

2. Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and its important to eat a balanced diet.

保持有利于健康的生活方式不难,平衡饮食也很重要。

本句中的两个it都是形式主语,两个动词不定式(短语)是真正的主语。动词不定式短语作主语时,有时短语比较长,为了保持句子结构的平衡,常常用it作形式主语,而将作真正主语的动词不定式短语放在句末。例如:

To learn English well is not easy. (=It is not easy to learn English well.) 学好英语不容易。

[练习]同义句转换。

To do morning exercises is very important.

____ ____ ____ to do morning exercises.

[Key:Its very important]

3. I study late every night, sometimes until 2 a.m., but I dont think Im improving.

每天晚上我都学到很晚,有时候直到凌晨2点,可是我觉得还是没有提高。

“I think”后面跟含否定意义的宾语从句时,通常将语义上属于从句的否定词转移到主句的谓语动词上。believe, suppose, imagine 等动词后面跟宾语从句时,也有类似的用法,要注意这类句子的汉译。例如:

I dont think its a good idea. 我认为这不是个好主意。

Excuse me, but I dont think you are right. 对不起,我认为你不对。

until 意为“直到……之时”,在否定句中表示“直到……才……”。例如:

I didnt go to bed until ten oclock last night. 昨晚我直到十点才睡。

[练习]完成句子。

1) 我认为他不能回答这个问题。

I ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ this question.

2) 昨天下午她直到做完作业才离开教室。

Yesterday afternoon she ____ ____ the classroom ____ she finished her homework.

[Key:1)dont think he can answer 2)didnt leave, until]

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