点拨反意疑问句
2008-08-26葛春彪
葛春彪
一、归纳讲解
反意疑问句由两部分构成,即陈述句+反问句,在形式上通常遵循前肯定后否定或前否定后肯定以及反问句的主、谓需与陈述句主、谓相一致的原则。但是实际运用中,反意疑问句具有很大的灵活性与特殊性。许多学生遇到具体情况时感到无所适从,现就此方面的一些特殊形式进行新的归纳,望能有所帮助。
1.当陈述句部分有否定词(never, no, nobody, seldom, nothing, nowhere等)时,反意疑问句要用肯定形式。eg:
He seldom goes home on Sundays, does he? 他很少周日回家,是吗?
2.当陈述句为祈使句时:
(1)如果是肯定的祈使句,反意疑问句常用wont you/will you? eg:
Do exercises more carefully next time, wont you/will you?
下次再认真些锻炼,好吗?
(2)如果是否定的祈使句,反意疑问句通常只能用will you? eg:
Dont do things at the wrong time, will you?
不要在错误的时间做事,好吗?
(3)如果祈使句以lets开头,反意疑问句用shall we? eg:
Lets visit the Great Wall, shall we? 我们去参观长城吧,好吗?
(4)如果祈使句以let us开头,反意疑问句用will you? eg:
Let us go swimming, will you? 我们去游泳吧,好吗?
3.当陈述句中有used to时,用did或used构成反意疑问句。eg:
He used to be a famous writer, usednt he/didnt he?
4.当陈述句中含有must时,反意疑问句有多种构成形式:
(1)表示“必须”或“必要”时,其反意疑问句的构成如下。eg:
They must work hard, mustnt they?(必须)
他们必须努力工作,不是吗?
They must take some medical lessons, neednt they?(必要)
他们有必要上一些医学课,不是吗?
(2)表示推测时,反意疑问句的构成如下。eg:
He must be a visitor, isnt he? (对现在情况的推测)
他肯定是一名参观者,是吗?
You must have seen him at his birthday party yesterday, didnt you?
(对过去情况的推测,且句中有过去的时间状语)
你肯定已经在昨天他的生日晚会上见过他了,不是吗?
You must have seen him at his birthday party, havent you?(强调动作的完成)
你肯定已经在他的生日晚会上见过他了,不是吗?
二、练习
1. You have never seen such an exciting film, ____ you?
2. Lets go, ____?
3. Let us do it by ourselves, ____?
4. Dont forget to phone me, ____?
5. You must be hungry, ____?
6. Do your homework carefully, ____ you?
7. My dad used to be a teacher, ____ he?
8. Jim did nothing yesterday, ____ he?
9. He must get there before six oclock, ____ he?
10. You must be Marys brother, ____ you?
Keys:1.have 此句为现在完成时态,助动词为have,又因陈述部分用了否定词never,故反问句部分应用肯定形式。 2.shall we lets意为“让我们一起……”,包含听者和自己,故用shall we。 3.will youlet us让我们……,里面不包含听话人,故用will you。 4.will you 此句为否定祈使句,反意疑问句部分通常只能用will you。 5.arent youmust表示对现在情况推测时,反意疑问句部分按must后面的系动词来灵活运用。主语是you,故用are。 6.will 祈使句含肯定意义时,反意疑问句用will you。7.usednt/didnt陈述句中有used to时,用did或used构成反意疑问句。8.did 陈述句含有否定词(如nothing)时,反意疑问句用肯定形式。 9.mustnt 陈述句中含有must时,表“必须”,用反意疑问部分mustnt。 10.are 陈述句中含有must,表推测时,根据must后的动词构成反意疑问句。