从句难点剖析

丁好鹏

从句有很多难点知识，本文结合高考试题进行剖析。

一、定语从句难点剖析

1.先行词表地点的性质有时难判断

用where引导定语从句时先行词必须表示地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语，但有时用where引导定语从句时先行词乍看起来并不像地点名词，考生应认真加以分析，弄清它们的地点性质并准确答题。

例1：After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do.（07江西）

A. that B. what

C. which D. where

解析：D。先行词point意义为“地步”，表示抽象地点，而且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此该空应用where引导定语从句。

例2：Today, well discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. （07陕西）

A. which B. as

C. why D. where

解析：D。句中cases表示“场合”，属抽象地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应用where引导定语从句。

例3：If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (05上海)

A. that B. which

C. when D. where

解析：D。chairs通常为物质名词，但在本题中却表示地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语，因此该空应填where。

2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句试题难解

介词+关系代词whom/which引导定语从句是定语从句的难点内容，解此类试题时可将定语从句与先行词连成一个句子，此时缺什么介词就用什么介词+whom/which引导定语从句。

例1：Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____ they can be controlled on purpose. (07重庆)

A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which

解析：B。定语从句可与先行词连成they can be controlled on purpose to the degree，因此该空应用to which引导定语从句。

例2：He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. （07江苏）

A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that

解析：A。定语从句可与先行词连成he went on to Beijing University after he was educated at the local high school, 因此该空应用after which引导定语从句。

3.which引导的非限制性定语从句难识别

which引导非限制性定语从句常代表整个主句内容或某一专有名词，因为此时没有定语从句修饰，主句意义仍然明确，但这两种定语从句比较独特，常常出乎考生的意料。

例1：Chans restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. （07浙江）

A. that B. which C. who D. where

解析：B。Chans restaurant on Baker Street属专有名词，没有定语从句修饰意义仍然非常明确，因此该句应为非限制性定语从句，该空应填which。

例2：By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ____ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.

（07湖南）

A. who B. which C. what D. that

解析：B。该空指代整个主句，没有定语从句修饰主句意义仍然明确，因此该句为非限制性定语从句，应由which引导。

4.特定词汇+of whom/which引导的定语从句试题难解

数词（不定量数词）或其它词汇（表示所属关系）+of whom/which常引导定语从句，但其前不可加and, but等介词。这种定语从句结构复杂，解题难度较大，可将定语从句与先行词连成一个句子，缺什么词就用什么词+of whom/which引导定语从句。

例1：It is reported that two schools， ____ are being built in my hometown， will open next year.（07四川）

A． they both B． which both

C． both of them D． both of which

解析：D。定语从句可与先行词连成both of the two schools are being built in my hometown，因此该空应用both of which引导定语从句。

例2：We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of ____ are healthy.（07北京）

A. that B. which C. what D. whom

解析：D。定语从句可与先行词连成most of the so many people are healthy，因此该空应用whom引导定语从句。

例3：Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. （07安徽）

A. none of them B. both of them

C. none of whom D. neither of whom

解析：D。定语从句可与先行词连成neither of the only two people came to look at the house，因此该空应用neither of whom引导定语从句。

二、名词性从句难点剖析

1.what引导名词性从句时意义难理解

what引导名词性从句时常表示“……的内容”，但是它还可以表示“……的状况/人/地方/价格/速度/方法”，此时理解难度明显增大。考生应认真分析语境逻辑，弄清空档是否具有what的创新含义。

例1：The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is.（07天津）

A. what B. which C. how D. where

解析：A。该空表示“……的状况”，应用what引导宾语从句。

例2：The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough. (05山东)

A. where B. how C. what D. which

解析：C。由sell for的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的价格”，因此应用what引导宾语从句。

例3：The way he did it was different ____ we were used to.

(05江西)

A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which

解析：C。be different应与from才能构成搭配，因此该空作from的宾语，由The way的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“不同于……的方法”，因此应填 from what引导宾语从句。

例4：A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. (04天津)

A. what B. which C. that D. where

解析：A。由a wasteland的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的地方”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。

例5：The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.(04上海春季)

A. as B. which C. what D. that

解析：C。由a dangerous speed的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“……的速度”，因此应填what引导宾语从句。

2．that引导的同位语从句难识别

that引导同位语从句与that引导的定语从句容易混淆。that引导同位语从句时与先行词之间为同位关系，它是先行词具体内容的体现，但that本身并没有具体含义，也不在从句中充当任何成份。that引导定语从句时是对先行词的修饰限制，它在定语从句中常作主语或宾语。

例1：Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （06重庆）

A. why B. that C. where D. because

解析：B。he had to meet his uncle at the airport是先行词his reason for being absent from the class内容的具体体现，因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。

例2：A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday．（06安徽）

A． if B． when C． that D． which

解析：C。I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday是先行词A warm thought具体内容的体现，因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。

例3：The news ____ our team won the game excited us all.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

解析：B。our team won the game excited us all是先行词the news的具体内容,因此该空应用that引导同位语从句。

3.whether与if难区分

whether与if均可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以通用，但不存在if…or not…结构或if or not…结构。引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和介词后面的宾语从句时应用whether而不可用if。

例：We havent settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.（06江苏）

A. if B. where C. whether D. that

解析：C。该空表示“是否”，且作介词宾语，因此应用whether引导宾语从句。

三、状语从句难点剖析

1.before引导的时间状语从句难识别

before引导时间状语从句意义比较灵活，除表示“在……之前”外还可表示“趁……、尚未来得及”，也可用于it was not long before（不久）句型及其创新句型。

例：The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____ we meet them again. （07安徽）

A. after B. before C. since D. when

解析：B。题干来自于it was not long before句型，但因将一般过去时变成了一般将来时，又将long换成了a long time，极难识别。

2.while引导的让步状语从句难识别

除表示“当……的时候”引导时间状语从句外，while还可以表示“虽然”引导让步状语从句，这是它的一种创新用法。

例：____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. (04浙江)

A. While B. Since C. As D. If

解析：A。该空表示“虽然”，因此应填While引导让步状语从句。

巩固性练习：

1. I have many friends, ____ are really friendly to my parents and me.

A. none of whom B. but none of whom

C. and all of whom D. none of them

2. Our teacher didnt tell us the situation ____ this word can be used.

A. which B. that C. where D. when

3. The girl had a quarrel with her mother, ____ of course, made the matter more difficult to solve.

A. as B. which C. that D. what

4. What a pity! ____ was a beautiful place in the past has turned into a desert.

A. That B. What C. Which D. As

5. To my surprise, she didnt live up to her promise ____ she would send me a birthday gift.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

6. ——What I want to know is ____ we will have a holiday in the middle of the next month.

——We will surely have one.

A. if B. whether C. where D. how

7. ____ the problem is very difficult, I must work it out in the

shortest time.

A. When B. As C. While D. Because

8. You should do it ____ it is too late, otherwise you will fail.

A. until B. when C. before D. unless

9. He lives in Beijing, ____ is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

10. How long will it be ____ you return from abroad and come to see us?

A. when B. while C. as D. before

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