新目标英语七年级(下)重、难点讲解(Units 6~7)
2008-06-06胡扬朋
胡扬朋
Unit 6 Its raining!
1. —Hi! Hows the weather in Beijing? 你好!北京的天气怎么样?
—Its sunny. (P31) 阳光明媚。
询问天气状况时常用“Hows the weather?”这一句式,也可以用“What is the weather like?”或“What do you think of the weather?”等句式。其答语通常是: Its sunny/cloudy/windy/hot/snowy/cold/warm/cool ...例如:
—How is the weather today? 今天天气怎样?
—Its cloudy. 多云。
2. —Hows it going? 情况怎么样?
—Great! (P32) 太棒了!
“How is it going?”用来询问某人的境况或事情现在进展的情况。动词go在这里意为“进展;进行”。对这种询问,可以根据不同的情况用“Great!/Not bad!/Terrible!/Pretty good!” 等作答。例如:
—How is it going,Jack? 杰克,现在的情况怎么样?
—Terrible. 很糟糕。
也可以用完整的句子回答。例如:
—How is everything going? 一切进行得如何?
—Things are going very well. 情况进展顺利。
3. Hi,Jeff! This is Bob. (P33) 你好,杰夫!我是鲍勃。
“This is Bob.”是一句电话用语,不可将其译为“这是鲍勃”。注意:英美人打电话时的用语与中国人的不同。问对方“你是……吗?”时不说“Are you ...?”,也不说“Who are you?”,而应该说“Is that ...?”。 向对方介绍自己时应该说“This is ... (我是……)”或“This is ... speaking.”,不说“I am ...”。 例如:
—Is that Mary? 你是玛丽吗?
—Yes,this is Mary speaking. 对,我是玛丽。
4. Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The World show. (P35) 谢谢你参与中央电视台的《世界各地》节目。
join是及物动词,意指加入某个组织或团体,成为其中一员,如“参军、入团、入党等”。例如:
My brother wants very much to join the army. 我弟弟很想参军。
His grandfather joined the Party in 1945. 他爷爷是1945年入党的。
join后面也可接表示人的名词或代词,表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。例如:
We are going for a swim. Will you come and join us? 我们要去游泳,你和我们一起去好吗?
5. There are many people here on vacation. (P35) 有很多人在这儿度假。
on vacation意为“度假”,相当于on holiday。 例如:
They are on vacation in Shanghai. 他们在上海度假。
Are you on holiday now? 现在你在休假吗?
“on + 名词”可以表示“在某种状态中”,如on duty(值日),on business(出差),on sale(出售)等。
6. Some are taking photos. Others are lying on the beach. (P35) 一些人在照相,另外一些人躺在沙滩上。
1) take photos/pictures意为“照相;拍照”,指自己用照相机给别人或景物拍照。例如:
He is good at taking photos. 他擅长拍照。
I want to go there and take some photos. 我想去那里照几张相。
take a photo/picture of 意为“给……拍照”。例如:
Let me take a photo of your brother. 让我给你的兄弟照张相。
I want to take a photo of the Great Hall of the People. 我想拍一张人民大会堂的照片。
2) others泛指其他的人或物,有不确定的复数含义。例如:
He likes helping others. 他喜欢帮助别人。
Give me some others. 给我一些别的吧。
“Some ...; others ...”意为“一些……,另一些……”。例如:
Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees. 有些人在挑水,另外一些人在浇树。
7. I am surprised they can play in the heat. (P35) 我感到惊讶的是,他们能在这么炎热的天气玩。
surprised是形容词,意为“感到惊讶的”,常用于“be surprised that...”,“be surprise at...”或“be surprised to do something”结构中。例如:
I am surprised that they are studying a novel like that. 我感到奇怪的是,他们在研究这样一部小说。
We are surprised to hear you say that. 听你那样讲,我们感到吃惊。
He is not at all surprised at the news. 对这个消息,他一点也不感到吃惊。
8. But everyone is having a good time. (P35) 但是大家都玩得很开心。
1) everyone与every one比较:
everyone意为“每人;人人”或“大家”,相当于everybody,其后不能跟of短语,用它作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。例如:
I am going to tell everyone about it. 我准备把此事告诉所有的人。
Everyone likes classical music in our team. 在我们队,大家都喜欢古典音乐。
every one意为“每个(人或物)”,具体指什么要看后面of短语的内容。如果后面没有of短语,要用everyone表示人,every one表示物。例如:
Every one of us likes sports. 我们每个人都喜欢运动。
Every one of the books is very interesting. 每本书都非常有趣。
2) have a good time意为“过得愉快;玩得开心”,其中的good可以用great,nice,pleasant,wonderful等替换。该短语在意义上相当于enjoy oneself。 例如:
Have a good time at the party. 祝你们在聚会上玩得开心。
He has a good time every day. 他每天都过得很愉快。
巩固练习:根据汉语句子,完成英语句子,每空填一词。
1) 我对我们输了这场比赛感到很吃惊。
I_______ _______that we lost the game.
2) 他们正在长城玩得痛快呢。
They are_______ _______ ______ ______ on the Great Wall.
3) 有些人在树下玩,另一些人在河里游泳。
______ are playing under the tree;______ are swimming in the river.
4) —上海的天气怎样?
—很冷。
—______ ______ the weather in Shanghai?
—______ very cold.
5) —喂,是史密斯先生吗?
—不是,恐怕你打错了。我是格林先生。
—Hello._______ _______Mr Smith?
—No,Im afraid you have the wrong number._______ _______Mr Green.
Key: 1) am,surprised 2) having,a,good,time 3) Some; others
4) How,is; Its 5) Is,that; This,is
Unit 7 What does he look like?
1. —What does your friend look like? 你的朋友长什么样子?
—She is medium build,and she has long hair. (P41) 她中等身材,留着长发。
1)“What do/does + 主语 + look like?”这个句式用来询问某人的外貌特征,意为“……什么样?”,回答时常用“主语 + be + 描述人物外貌特征的形容词”或“主语 + have/has + 名词(名词前可以有多个形容词修饰)”两种方式。例如:
—What does your father look like? 你父亲长什么样?
—He is tall. He has a beard. 他高高的个子,留着胡须。
2) look like意为“看起来像……;看起来是……样子”。其中look是连系动词,意为“看起来……”; like是介词,意为“像……;像……一样”,后面跟名词或代词。例如:
He looks like a teacher. 他看起来像个老师。
It looks like rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。
3) hair意为“头发”,用来指一个人的全部头发时是不可数名词,词尾不能加s。 指一根或几根头发时,是可数名词。例如:
She has golden hair. 她长着金黄色的头发。
He has a few white hairs on his head. 他头上有几根白发。
2. Xu Qian loves to tell jokes. (43) 徐倩爱讲笑话。
love意为“爱;爱好”,在口语中表示“喜欢”,和like的意思相近,其后都可跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词的-ing形式。例如:
We love our Party. 我们热爱我们的党。
She likes me,but she doesnt love me. 她喜欢我,但不爱我。
I love/like to watch TV plays. 我喜欢看电视剧。
They love/like playing table tennis. 他们爱打乒乓球。
3. Shes good-looking,but shes a little bit quiet. (P43) 她长得很漂亮,但是有点内向。
1) good-looking与beautiful比较:
beautiful是最常用的词,意为“美丽的;漂亮的”,可用来修饰物、天气或女人等,一般不用于修饰男性。例如:
She is very beautiful,but shes very shy. 她很漂亮,但很害羞。
In autumn,the hill looks beautiful. 秋天,山色秀美。
The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部电影中的音乐非常优美。
good-looking意为“好看的;漂亮的”,指给人的第一印象好,可用来修饰男性,也可用来修饰女性。例如:
What a good-looking boy! 这个男孩长得多好看啊!
She is a good-looking girl! 她是一个相貌姣好的姑娘。
2) a little bit表示“有点儿;稍微”,用来修饰形容词。例如:
Hes a little bit tired. 他有点累。
Its a little bit cold today. 今天天气有点冷。
4. She never stops talking! (P43) 她总是讲个不停。
1) never意为“从不;永不”,否定的意味比not重。用never否定动词时,不需要再加助动词do。 例如:
He never tells a lie. 他从不撒谎。
They never come to school late. 他们上学从不迟到。
2) stop doing something与stop to do something比较:
stop doing something意为“停止做某事”,其中stop是及物动词,doing something作stop的宾语。例如:
Its time for class. Stop talking,please. 该上课了,请不要讲话了。
“Stop writing; lets do some listening,” the teacher said. “别写了,我们听一听吧,”老师说。
stop to do something意为“停下(正在做的事)去做某事”,其中stop为不及物动词,to do something作目的状语。例如:
Its raining now. Stop to have a rest,please. 天在下雨,请停下来休息一下吧。
Why are you still playing games here? Stop to work. 你为什么还在这里玩游戏?别玩了,干活去吧。
5. This person is medium height. (P43) 这个人中等个子。
1) person与people比较:
person是可数名词,意为“人”,着重指单个的人。例如:
There are three persons in the room. 房间里有三个人。
Paul is really a nice person. 保罗真是一个很不错的人。
people意为“人;人们”,是集体名词,表达复数意义,用作主语时,谓语动词为复数形式。例如:
I think people can understand me. 我想人们能听懂我的话。
There are many people in the street. 街道上有许多人。
people作“民族”解时,为可数名词。 a people意为“一个民族”,two peoples指两个国家或地区的不同民族。例如:
There are many peoples in Africa. 非洲有许多民族。
2) height是high的名词形式,意为“高度;身高”。 at a height of意为“在……高度”; in height意为“高度上”。例如:
Whats your height? (= How tall are you?) 你的身高是多少?
He is six feet in height. (= He is six feet tall.) 他有六英尺高。
The plane flew at a height of 9,000 metres. 飞机在9,000米的高度飞行。
6. Do you remember Johnny Dean,the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair? (P45) 你还记得约翰·迪安——那个戴着滑稽眼镜,留着长卷发的流行歌手吗?
1) remember是及物动词,意为“记得;想起”,后跟名词、代词或名词性从句。例如:
I dont remember where I met her. 我记不起来我在什么地方见过她。
I cant remember his address now. 我现在想不起来他的地址了。
Do you remember me? 你还记得我吗?
remember后面也可跟动词-ing形式或动词不定式,但它们在意义上有所不同。 remember doing something意为“记得(已经)做过某事”; remember to do something意为“记住要去做某事”。试比较:
Remember to post the letter for her. 记住替她寄这封信。
I remember posting the letter for her. 我记得已经替她把信寄了。
2) with funny glasses and long curly hair是介词短语,作the pop singer的定语。 with意为“带有……”,常和后面的名词一起构成介词短语,用来修饰前面的名词。例如:
China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
Do you know the girl with golden hair? 你认识那位金发女孩吗?
3) glasses意为“眼镜”,常以复数形式出现,用作主语时,谓语动词常为复数形式。例如:
Where are my glasses? 我的眼镜在哪里?
He likes wearing glasses. 他喜欢戴眼镜。
7. I can go shopping,and nobody knows me. (P45) 我可以去购物,而且没有人认识我。
1) go shopping意为“去买东西”。 go后面跟动词-ing形式表示“去干某事”或“从事某种活动”。例如:
I often go shopping with my mother. 我经常和我母亲一起去买东西。
Lets go skating this afternoon. 咱们今天下午去滑冰吧。
We often go swimming together. 我们经常一道去游泳。
2) nobody意为“没有人;谁也不”。 nobody在句中用作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。例如:
Nobody knows anything about him. 谁也不知道他的情况。
There is nobody in the classroom. 教室里没有人。
8. “I dont think hes so great,” says Ruth from New York. (P45) “我认为他没那么帅,”从纽约来的鲁思说。
将“I dont think ...”译成汉语时,常把否定词“不”移到宾语从句中。例如:
I dont think Jim can swim. 我认为吉姆不会游泳。
I dont think I am wrong. 我认为我没有错。
巩固练习:
1. 用person或people填空:
1) You can see______ coming and going in the street.
2) I can see three______ in the room.
3) We have room for another______ .
4) There are fifty-six______ in China.
2. 根据汉语句子,完成英语句子,每空填一词。
1) —杰克长什么样?
—他有点胖。
—______ does Jack______ ______ ?
—Hes a little bit fat.
2) 我认为他不是巴黎人。
I______ _______he________ ______Paris.
3) 他停止干活,回家了。
He______ _______and went back home.
4) 他总是戴着眼镜。
He always______ ______ .
Key: 1. 1) people 2) people/persons 3) person 4) peoples
2. 1) What,look,like 2) dont,think,is,from
3) stopped,working 4) wears,glasses