易混词语与中考零距离

许振铎

Hello， boys and girls!易混词语在历届各地中考试题中比比皆是，屡见不鲜，为帮助初三同学复习，做好迎接中考的准备，这里选录了近年来全国部分有关中考试题加以例析。

一、how long/how far/how soon/how often

[词语辨析]

1）how long对表示时间持续的状态进行提问； 2）how far对表示距离有多远提问； 3）how soon对表示“要过多久以后”“要到什么时候”等意义的时间状语进行提问； 4）how often对表示频度（即频率的次数）的副词或词组提问。

［中考真题］

1. ——____ do you watch TV?(浙江衢州市)

——Sometimes.

A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How long

2. ——____ do you live from your school?

——About ten minutes walk. (济宁市)

A. How many B. How long C. How far D. How soon

3. ——____ have you been away from your hometown?

——For about 13 years. (沈阳市)

A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often

4. ——I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi and Ive been

waiting for it. ____ will it start?（德州市）

——Well, take it easy. In two days.

A． How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far

[答案]1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A

二、win/beat

[词语辨析]

这两个词均可表示在比赛中“赢，获胜”，但其用法有别：1)win的宾语为表示比赛、战斗、奖品等的名词；2）beat则指战胜对手，宾语为某队或某人。

［中考真题］

1. Our team ____ theirs by the score 2:1 in the final football team.(大连市)

A. won B. hit C. beat D. failed

2. ——What did you think of the football match yesterday?

——Well, its surprising. The strongest team of our school ____. (安徽省)

A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed

3. One of the ____ (获胜者) is my cousin. He is a pride of our school. (宁波市)

[答案]1.C2.A3.winners

三、when/while/as

[词语辨析]

这三个词均含“当……时候”的意思，但用法不尽相同：1）when的含义最广，泛指某时时可与as/while替换;也可特指某一时间点，这时不可用as/while替换。when还可作并列连词用，译成“这时、突然”。2）while/as均强调同时发生，前者持续时间较长，后者较短，一般都要用延续性动词。3）as还可作“因为”解，引导原因状语从句。

［中考真题］

1. We are thirsty. I would like a bottle of orange, ____ my brother would like some cold water. (重庆市)

A. when B. as C. while D. since

2. He was riding to school ____ he was hit by a car this morning. (南京市)

A. while B. when C. as D. so

3. Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at Paris Chailes De Gaulle Airport ____ the whole roof(屋顶) fell down.

(上海市)

A. while B. as soon as C. when D. after

[答案]1.C 2.B 3.C

四、used to /be(get) used to

[词语辨析]

1）used to后接动词原形，指的是过去习惯性的动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。2)get used to后接v-ing形式，表示“习惯做某事”，也可接名词、代词，表示“适应……”。另一种形式为be used to,表示状态。

［中考真题］

1. He is a lazy boy. He ____ sleeping late in the morning.(甘肃省)

A. used to B. is used to C. was used to D. is using to

2. Dont worry. Youll get used to ____ here soon. (金华市)

A. live B. living C. will live D. lived

3. Dennis ____ really quiet, but he is very outgoing. (呼和浩特市)

A. used to be B. was used to be

C. is used to be D. used to being

4. ——My aunt goes to climb Mount Gu every Sunday. (福州市)

——Oh? But she ____ hate climbing mountains.

A. used to B. use to C. uses to D. is used to

[答案]1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A

五、turn on/turn off/turn up/turn down

[词语辨析]

1）turn on意为“打开（电灯、电视机、收音机、水龙头、煤气等）”；2）turn off与turn on正好相反；3）turn up意为“把（电灯、电视机、收音机、水龙头、煤气等的亮度、流量）调高、开大一点”；4)turn down与turn up相反。

［中考真题］

1. Its getting dark. Please ____ the light. (河北省)

A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up

2. Im reading now. Please tell him ____ the TV a bit.(陕西省)

A. turn up B. turn off C. to turn down D. to turn on

3. I have to go now. Please remember to ____ the lights when you

leave. (天津市)

A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on

4. The radio is too noisy. Please ____.(贵州省)

A. turn it down B. turn it on C. turn down it D. turn on it

［答案］1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A

六、tired/tiring

[词语辨析]

1)tired 意思是“疲劳的”，有被动或已完成的含义，指使某人疲劳，主语为人或其他有生命的东西；2）tiring意为“令人疲劳的”，有主动或进行的含义，一般指事物本身使人累，主语通常为物。

［中考真题］

If you are very ____(疲劳), youll fall asleep in no time. (南通市)

［答案］tired

七、much too/too much

[词语辨析]

1）在too much的搭配中，too作much的修饰语，表示超越了much的正常程度；2） 在much too的搭配中，much修饰too,加强too的程度，much too仍保留副词too的语法特点。

［中考真题］

1. ——Do you enjoy travelling by plane?

——No, its ____ expensive. (西安市)

A. much more B. more much C. too much D. much too

2. I dont like winter because its ____ cold. (辽宁省）

A. too much B. much too C. for more D. much more

[答案]1.D2.B

八、spend/take/cost/pay

[词语辨析]

1)spend“花费时间或金钱”，主语通常是人。它用于sb. spend time(in)doing sth.或sb. spend money on sth.两种句型中。2）take“花费时间”。它常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.句型。3）cost指“花费金钱”，句中主语是表示事物的词语，其后常接双宾语，用于sth. cost sb. money句型。 4）pay指“花费金钱”，句子主语是人，常用于sb. pay money for sth.句型。

[中考真题］

1. ——What a nice MP3! Is it yours?(哈尔滨市)

——Of course. I ____ 300 yuan on it.

A. cost B. spent C. paid

2. Dont worry. It wont ____ you too much time to fly from Hankou

to Guangzhou.(海南省)

A. take B. cost C. spend D. use

3. Gary:When you go shopping, do you usually ____ with your credit

card?(山东省)

Tony: No, I dont have a credit card.

A. use B. pay C. spend D. waste

4. I bought a new dictionary and it ____ me 30 yuan. (天津市)

A. paid B. spend C. took D. cost

[答案]1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

九、sound/noise/voice

[词语辨析]

这三个词均与“声音”有关，注意区别：1）sound泛指自然界的声音，如人声、鸟声、风声、水声等。2）noise指噪音。嘈杂声等对人体有害的声音，为不可数名词。3）voice指人的嗓音，说话声，是可数名词。

［中考真题］

1. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much ____ here.

(沈阳市)

A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds

2. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the ____ of the running water.(天津市)

A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound

3. ——How well she sings!

——Yes, she has a very sweet ____. (郑州市)

A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth

[答案]1.A 2.D 3.A

十、real/true

[词语辨析]

1）real是形容词，强调客观存在的“真实，实在”，不是想象的，其副词是really；

2）true作形容词时，意为“真的，真正的”，强调与实际相符，不是杜撰的，它与come构成固定短语come true，意思是“实现”，它与false相对，可用来修饰名词。其副词形式为truly。

［中考真题］

1. It is ____ nice of you to say so. (天津市)

A. truly B. true C. really D. real

2. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher ____.

(河北省)

A. came true B. come true C. came real D. come real

[答案]1.C 2.A

十一、quiet/quite

[词语辨析]

1）quiet是形容词，意为“安静的，平静的”，常用来修饰名词，其副词形式为quietly,常用来修饰动词。2）quite是副词，是“非常、十分”的意思，用来修饰形容词或副词。

［中考真题］

1. We should keep ____ in the reading-room.(天津市)

A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly

2. ——Would you please join us?

——Sorry, Im not ____. (内蒙古)

A. good a quite player B. quite a good player

C. a quite good player D. quite good a player

[答案]1.A 2.B

十二、question/problem

[词语辨析]

这两个词均表示“问题”，但用法不同：1）question多指人们主观上产生疑惑不解而提出需要解决或回答的问题，常作ask, answer的宾语； 2）problem常指客观上存在需要解决或决定的问题，尤指需要动脑筋解决的疑难、困难问题或麻烦事，常作think about, solve, work on, work out的宾语。

［中考真题］

The ____ now is that we have lots of ____ to ask. (天津市)

A. problem; questions B. question; problems

C. question; problem D. problem; question

[答案]A

十三、no longer/no more

[词语辨析]

这两个短语均表示“不再”，但含义不同：1)no longer指时间上“不再”延续，多与表示状态的动词或延续性动词连用；2）no more多指次数上“不再”增加，不再发生，“再也不……”，相当于never again,多与瞬间动词连用，修饰具体动作。

［中考真题］

Jane doesnt go to work by bus any longer. (改为同义句) (山东省)

Jane ____ ____ ____ to work by bus.

［答案］no longer goes

十四、maybe/may be

[词语辨析]

1)maybe是副词，意为“可能、也许、大概”，在句中作状语，通常位于句首，也可放在行为动词前。2）may be是“情态动词＋动词原形”的形式，译成“可能是、也许是”。

［中考真题］

1. She ____ knows the answer, but Im not sure.(湖南省)

A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must

2. ——Wheres Lucy?

——Im not sure. She ____ in the school library. (山西省)

A. maybe B. must be C. may be D. will be

[答案]1.A 2.C

十五、look/see/watch/read

[词语辨析]

这四个词均与“看”有关，但用法有别：1）look强调“看”的动作，指“认真看”，是不及物动词，在强调看某人/物时，其后必须接介词at。2）see是及物动词，侧重于“看”的结果，表示“看见、看到”。3）watch作动词，表示“观看、注视”，多指观看运动着的事物，如电视、比赛、表演等。4）read指“阅读，朗读”，在汉语中译成“看”，多指“看书、报、杂志”等。

［中考真题］

1. Tom was ____ TV at 10:00 yesterday evening.(贵州省)

A. looking B. seeing C. reading D. watching

2. ——Did you ____ this novel last night?

——Yes, its terrific! I like it very much! (福建省)

A. watch B. look C. see D. read

[答案]1.D 2.D