高一（上）重难点知识回顾Ｕｎｉｔｓ　１—１２

2008-03-28杨丹江

中学生英语高中综合天地 2008年1期

杨丹江

Units 1—4

1． He realizes that he has-nt been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.他认识到他不是一个好朋友，因为他一直都在考虑他自己。 (Unit 1)

解析： “have / has been + doing“是现在完成进行时，主要表示到现在为止的一段时间内动作一直在持续（也可能刚停止）。例如：

1) Ive been waiting for you for a long time.

2) —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.

—I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.

2. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.他也明白了他本应该多关心他的朋友。 (Unit 1)

解析： “should + have +动词的过去分词”，表示“过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做”。例如：

1) Jenny should have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.

2) Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up.

其否定式“shouldnt + have + 动词的过去分词”，则表示“过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了”。例如：

1) We shouldnt have waited for her because she never came.

2) You shouldnt have spoken to your mother like that.

3． With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.有这么多的人每天用英语交流，精通英语将会变得越来越重要。(Unit 2)

解析：本句中使用了“with + 复合宾语”的结构。这种结构在句中多作状语，表伴随、方式、原因等；也可作定语。常见的有以下几种形式：

(1) with + 宾语 + doing / done例如：

I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.

The murderer was brought in, with his right hands tied behind his back.

(2) with + 宾语 + to do例如：

I cant go out with so much housework to do.

With many things to deal with, he decided not to spend the holiday.

(3) with + 宾语+ 介词短语例如：

The teacher came in with a book in his right hand.

Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms?

(4) with + 宾语+ adj. / adv.例如：

He went to sleep with the light on.

Dont sleep with the windows open.

4. What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use? 你决定采用某种交通方式之前得考虑什么？ (Unit 3)

解析： “consider”表“考虑”时，它后面常接名词、代词、动名词、疑问词 + to do。例如：

1) You must consider it / the matter carefully.

2) He is considering moving to the south.

3) Have you considered how to get there?

另外，“consider”还可作“认为”讲，它后面常接（1）that从句(2) 名词、代词 + as / to be / to do / to have done （3） it + adj. + to do sth. 例如：

1) I consider him as my best friend.

2) Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.

3) Do you consider it necessary to go there at once?

5. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, ... .她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，……。（(Unit 4)

解析： “before”在这里的意思是“不等……就”；“还没来得及……就”。例如：

1) He had left before I could say ”Thank you “ to him.

2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.

从属连词“before”引导从句时，根据不同情景有较灵活的译法。常见的译法还有：

1）在……之前

Be a pupil before you become a teacher.

2） …… （之后）才

It will be months before he is fit for his job.

3）（不多久）就

It was not long before he told me about it.

4）不知不觉地

A term has passed by before we knew it.

高考题链接：

1. All the staff in our company are considering____to the city centre for the fashion show. （2007 上海春）

A． to go B． going

C． to have gone D． having gone

2. —I have got a headache.

—No wonder. You_____ in front of that computer too long. (2007 江西)

A. work B. are working

C. have been working D. worked

3. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work_____my mind,I almost break down. (2007 福建)

A. filled B. filling

C. to fill D. being filled

4. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time_____we meet them again.（2007 安徽）

A. after B. before C. since D. when

5. —My cats really fat.

—You_____ have given her so much food.（2007 浙江）

A. wouldnt B. couldnt

C. shouldnt D. mustnt

6. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_____ English for a year. (2007 湖南)

A. studies B. studied

C. is studying D. has been studying

7. I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps I_____ have driven her there.(2007 陕西)

A. could B. must C. night D. should

8. He was told that it would be at least three more months_____ he could recover and return to work. (2007 江西)

A. when B. before C. since D. that

Keys: 1. B2. C3. B4. B5. C6. D7. D8. B

Units 5—8

6． While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 当她还是一个学生时，就在许多戏中扮演了角色。 (Unit 5)

She won many more prizes while acting in famous films such as ... 她在许多著名电影中的表演使她赢得更多的奖项，诸如： (Unit 5)

When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. 当人们问及他成功的秘诀时，斯蒂文·斯皮尔伯格说他的成功和幸福主要来自于他的妻子和孩子们。 (Unit 5)

解析：以上三个句子均是省略句。在while，when，till，until引导的时间状语从句中，在if,unless, once引导的条件状语从句中，在 though， although, even if， even though 引导的让步状语从句中，如主语与主句的主语一致（或是it时），同时谓语中包含动词 be，这时从句中的主语和be均可省略。例如：

1) While (they were) visiting the city, they received a warm welcome.

2) When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.

3) If (it is) necessary, well have a meeting.

7. When she hears that Huike has gone to town, she becomes very worried and determines to bring Huike back safely.当她听说慧科进城去了，她非常担心，决心把慧科安全地带回来。 (Unit 5)

解析：句中短语“bring sb. / sth. back”的意思是“把某人/某物带回”。例如：

1) Please bring the book back tomorrow.请明天把书带回来。

2) He brought me back in his car. 他用汽车把我送回家。

另外，“bring sth. back” 还可以做“恢复”；“使回想起”的意思。例如：

1) With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.在原有绘画和照片的帮助下，圣彼得堡的人民使他们的文化和历史恢复了往日的美丽。(Unit 7)

2) Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life.当画师们和工人们努力使这座城市恢复生机时，他们得非常小心。(Unit 7)

3) The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 这部电影使我回想起了我在那个遥远的村子受到很好照顾的时光。

8. Im sorry. I didnt mean to ...很抱歉，我不是有意……。(Unit 6)

Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks ... .懂得餐桌礼仪意味着你知道，例如：如何使用刀叉……。(Unit 6)

解析： “mean to do ...”意为“打算做……”。例如：

1) Im sorry. I didnt mean to hurt you.

2) He means to cause trouble. 他存心捣乱。

而“mean doing ...”意为“意味着……”。例如：

For him losing the job means living a poor life.

Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.

拓展：在英语中有一些动词后既可接不定式又可接动名词，但词义有区别。常见的还有：

1）remember doing sth.记得做过某事

remember to do sth.记住去做某事

2）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事

forget to do sth.忘记去做某事

3)regret doing sth后悔做过某事

regret to do sth.对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾

4) try doing sth.试着做某事

try to do sth.努力去做某事

5) stop doing sth.停止做某事

stop to do sth.停止正在做的事去干别的事

9. After the starter you will get a bowl of soup—but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.开胃菜后，有一份汤给你喝，只有一份，千万别要求再来一份。 (Unit 6)

讲解：序数词与不定冠词连用表示“又一”，“再一”，相当于 ”another“。而与定冠词连用表示“第几“。例如：

1) Please try it a second time. 请再试一次。

2) You are the third to tell me the news. 你是第三个告诉我这个消息的人。

10． Where there is a river, there is a city.哪里有河流，哪里就有城市。(Unit 7)

解析： “where”引导的是地点状语从句，这样用时它兼有条件的意义。例如：

1) Where is a will , there is a way.

2) Where there is smoke ,there is fire. 无风不起浪。

3) Make a mark where you have a question.

11． Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年，来自全世界的运动员都要参加一次奥运会。(Unit 8)

解析： “every four years”意为“每四年”。“every”做“每……”这个意思讲时不能用“each”替换。它的基本用法是：

1） every + 基数词+复数名词：“每……”

2） every + 序数词+单数名词 :“每第……”

3） every + other + 单数名词：“每隔一……”。

4） every + few + 复数名词：“每几……”。例如：

每两年： every two years = every second year = every other year

注意： every four years每四年，若译成“每隔”要减一，即“每隔三年”，说“隔一天”只能说every other day，不说every second day也不能说each other day。

12. To make it the best ever Games, the capital city will make several big changes. 为了使它成为有史以来最好的运动会，首都将作一些重大改变。(Unit 8)

解析： “To make it the best ever Games”是不定式短语做目的状语。例如：

1) To sleep late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

2) Shes working hard to earn more money.

高考题链接：

1． The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have third one because_____second one is rather too small. (2002上海春招)

A. a; a B. the; the C. a ;the D. the ; a

2． —Why havent you bought any butter?

—I_____to but I forgot about. (NMET 2001春招)

A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected

3. Theseplants are watered_____ . (北京2001春招)

A. each other day B. every other day

C. each of two days D. every of two days

4． The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_____every day. (2007 四川卷)

A. watered B. watering

C. water D. to water

5._____the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. (2007 上海春)

A． To ensure B． Ensuring

C． Having ensured D． To have ensured

6. If you think that treating a woman well means always_____her permission for things, think again. (2006湖南)

A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting

7. If you are traveling_____the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.（2006天津）

A. in which B. what

C. when D. where

Keys: 1. C2. C3. B4. A5. A6. D7. D

Units 9—12

13. I should be home in about ten minutes.大约再过十分钟我就可以到家了。 (Unit 9)

解析：情态动词“should”在这表示推测，意为“估计应该，按理应当”。例如：

1) Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment.

2) Weve got everything ready. There should be no problem.

14. Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.有手机也可以使我们感到更安全，因为万一遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时呼救。(Unit 9)

解析： “in case of”是介词短语，意为“假设，万一”。例如：

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 万一失火立即按警铃。

拓展： “in case”单独使用时，可用作状语。也可引导从句，意为“以免；以防”。例如：

1) It may rain. Youd better take an umbrella in case.

2) John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out in case he phones.

15. She says that her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.她说手机帮助她想做什么就做什么，并且使她可以与父母和朋友随时保持联系。 (Unit 9)

解析： “whatever”在句中引导宾语从句。意为“无论什么”。例如：

1) These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.

2) Its generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

拓展： 1） “whatever”还可以引导让步状语从句，此时相当于“no matter what”。例如：

Whatever you say, I wont believe you.

16. Professor Stevenson , who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students in Beijing.致力于保护糜鹿的史蒂文森教授在北京给中国大学生作了一次演讲。 (Unit 10)

解析： “devote oneself / ones life / ones time ... to”表示“献身于……；专心于……”。其中“to”是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。例如：

She devoted herself to helping the poor.

He devoted his life to the scientific research.

17. What we hear on the radio or see on TV is only a small part of all the wonderful music that is waiting for us.我们在收音机里听到的或在电视上看到的只是所有等待我们欣赏的美妙音乐中的一部分。(Unit 11)

解析： “What we hear on the radio or see on TV”是一个主语从句。“what” 在名词性从句中充当一定成分（主语、宾语或表语）；也有实际意义（所......的东西或事情），不能省略。而连词that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分，也无实际意义，引导宾语从句时一般可以省略。例如：

What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (MET 1993)

What she couldnt understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)

18. If only they could find a way to get to the room, or whatever it was, behind the wall.要是他们能找到一条通道进入墙壁后面的那个房间或不管是什么就好了。 (Unit 12)

解析： “If only”的意思是“但愿；要是……就好了”。这时句子多用虚拟语气。它的用法同“wish”。例如：

Look at the heavy rain! If only it would stop!

If only I could have been more careful.

高考题链接：

1．_____ fire, all exits must be kept clear.(2007 天津卷)

A. In place of B. Instead of

C. In case of D. In spite of

2._____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (2007 全国卷Ⅱ)

A. WhatB. WhyC. Where D. Which