层层梳理，巧解七选五

一、题型分析

七选五作为高考的一个重要题型，125分的分值，足以说明它在高考试卷中的重要性。七选五要求考生根据文章结构和内容，选出正确的句子，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。《考试说明》对该题型命题的目的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文的逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。七个选项中，个别选项间的区分度不大，干扰性强，这就增加了解题的难度。考生往往选错了一题，就有可能造成连带效应，出现几个错误。这也是平时考生害怕做七选五的原因之一。下面以2024年高考全国Ⅰ卷七选五为例，通过层层梳理去助力考生巧解七选五。

二、层层梳理

（一）梳理设空位置特征

七选五设空的位置可以是大标题、小标题、段首、段中和段尾。设空的位置不同，它们的作用也就不一样。我们可以通过梳理设空位置的特征去辅助我们做题。

1.大标题 短小精悍，明确文章的基本话题

2.小标题 短小精悍，结构一致

3.段首" 概括文段，与小标题相呼应

4.段中" 承上启下

5.段尾" 总结，承上启下

（二）梳理解题步骤

1.看选项，划出关键词。

2.浏览标题或首段及段落首句，分析设空位置。

3.结合设空位置特点，研读设空前后句，分析逻辑，结合选项关键词，匹配最佳选答案。

浏览标题（没有标题就首段）及段落首句，有助于我们抓住文章的主题。另外在这里，我要强调的是，本文所说的关键词，不是指某篇文章里高频出现的词，而是指那些放到任何一篇七选五里面都适用的代词、逻辑关系词、某些有固定用法的词、以及一些固定结构等。找出这些关键词，对提高做题正确率和节省做题时间都大有帮助。例如，如果选项里面有代词，那就意味着我们必然只能往上面去找这个代词所指代的内容。如果选项里有逻辑关系词，那我们就可以通过分析前后句之间的逻辑关系去判断这个选项是否正确等等。

关键词举例功能

代词this，that，these，those，it，he，she，they，them…指代上文某个词、短语或句子

逻辑

关系词however，but，so，thus，and，therefore，since，also，as well，while，instead，…有助于判断逻辑关系

固定用法的词 Here/There are some…，The following…，…are as follows．引出下文

固定结构one…another/ the other，

some…（some…）others…，

first…second…third…finally，

first of all…next …and then…finally，…表举例或

顺序

（三）梳理解题技巧

解题技巧：

重点阅读前后句，弄清指代和逻辑。

有词重复重点看，先做标题首中尾。

★注意：

有词重复，也就是我们平时说的复现。复现一般有原词复现、同义词复现、同结构复现（相同句型结构等）、反义词复现、同畴词复现（fruit：apple，orange，banana…）同构词复现（fall-fell （不同时态），act-action（不同词性），police-policeman（相同词根）等。

需要特别指出的是，词语复现是七选五的一个重要的解题技巧，但这并不意味着凡是有复现词的选项就是正确的选项，只能说它的可能性更大。因此在解题过程中，我们要重点研究或优先考虑这个选项。是否为正确选项，还要将该选项代入原文，看与上下文能否衔接。

三、实例分析

原题呈现（2024年高考全国Ⅰ卷）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）. 36" No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus（同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37"" Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．

38"" It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．

In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course，with its 2672 pages，it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39"" However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better．

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel John son’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40"" A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．

A. I don’t often use this dictionary．

B. It takes no account of the context．

C. But I still don’t want to replace them．

D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read．

E. Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling．

F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes．

G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information．

按照上面的梳理内容，让我们一步步剖析这份题：

（一）划出选项中的关键词。（划线部分）：

A. I don’t often use this dictionary. （代词）

B. It takes no account of the context. （代词）

C. But I" still don’t want to replace them. （逻辑词，代词）

D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.（逻辑词）

E. Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling.（逻辑词）

F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.（代词）

G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information．

（二）浏览标题或首段及段落首句，分析设空位置

浏览了首段之后，明确了文章的话题是和拼写有关。本文设空的位置段首有一题，其余四题均位于段中。根据“先做标题首中尾”这一句，让我们先完成38题。

38" It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced．

38题位于段首，它的作用是“概括文段，与小标题相呼应”。根据下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word”以及“It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”可以推出这段讲的是it的作用。纵观七个选项只有E项符合。设空位置后的it指的就是E选项里的a dictionary。

处理完最简单的一题后，剩下的我们按顺序处理。这一份题设空的位置比较集中，都在段中。浏览完文章之后，我们可以根据设空位置特征及解题技巧中的“重点阅读前后句，弄清指代和逻辑。”这两句话去完成这一份题。

Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）. 36" No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly．

36题设空前一句是“If you want to be published，it’s vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript （原稿）.”核心部分是“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”那何谓“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”呢？答案就是“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.”所以选F。选项中的That 指代的是“a perfect，professionally presented manuscript”。

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus（同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37" Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus．

37题设空前一句是“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. ”（我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。）但后面又说“Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.”（当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。）可以推知，设空句承接上文，说明不喜欢电脑拼写检查器的原因：It takes no account of the context. （它不考虑上下文。）It指代的是my laptop’s spellchecker，所以选B．

In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course，with its 2672 pages，it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39"" However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better．

39题根据段首中心句“In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，”及浏览下文可知本段主要介绍“Dictionary”。结合“有词重复重点看”这一技巧，只剩下A、D和G 这三个选项进行筛选了。再根据前后句However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there’s nothing better.（然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。）结合两者的逻辑关系，这题很明显选A。

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel John son’s Dictionary of the English Language published in1755. “To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40"" A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience．

40题设空前一句是“‘To make dictionaries is dull （乏味 ） work，’ wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of ‘dull’.”（约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件乏味的工作。”）但后面又说到“ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”（花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有意义的体验。）故D选项D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. （但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。）与上文形成转折的关系，符合语境。另外，这里的“casting your eye”和D选项的“read” 是同义词复现，所以选D。

七选五是一道看似简单，但做起来又相当复杂的题型。这套方法通过化繁为简，提高了考生做七选五的兴趣。只要多加练习，熟练地掌握了方法之后，可以提升做题速度。

练习：

As a parent， you want your kids to do their best in school. You already know plenty of sleep， healthy food and some school supplies are necessary. However， what else do children need to be successful without a professional homework helper？" 1

Avoid delaying tasks.

One mistake students usually make is postponing unpleasant work and deliberately looking for distraction. Teach your children that the workload isn’t going to get smaller if they wait longer.

2

Break projects down.

Many children get stressed out when they have big assignments due." 3" Often people get frightened by the difficulty of tasks without understanding that the large task is actually just made up of smaller ones. Another solution is to use a project proposal to help keep them on track with homework and projects.

4

There are a growing number of online references and homework resources. Not only will your children be better prepared for class the next day， but they’ll also learn a valuable lesson about how to research and find information online. From them you can also find ideas for educational activities that you can do with your children.

Keep it ordered.

5"" Hence， have your kids keep ahead of their homework with an organized system. For example， they could use a scheduling application like Asana or Trello to manage projects with arranged dates， or they might stick to an old-fashioned pen and a paper planner. See what works best for them and go from there.

A. Get help online.

B. Focus on homework.

C. Online learning is becoming more and more popular.

D. Teach them to break larger projects into smaller pieces.

E. Organization is the key to success， because it can maximize efficiency.

F. Here are some tips from professionals for helping your children with it.

G. Instead， it will only become larger and seem more difficult to get started.

参考答案：1. F 2. G 3. D 4. A 5. E

【作者简介：罗定实验中学高中英语一级教师，从教18年，有多年的毕业班教学工作经验。分别参与了2017年5月的罗定市课题《采用现代信息技术优化英语教学的方法研究》和2020年5月的云浮巿级课题《基于高中英语学科核心素养视觉下课堂生态建设的研究》】

责任编辑 吴昊雷