提升词汇量的策略探究

词汇量对于考生的重要性不言而喻，词汇量的多少甚至对考生分数的高低起决定性作用。英语成绩相对较薄弱的考生，其词汇量往往相对较小；而基础较好的考生，其词汇量也往往较大。如何提升词汇量也是困扰广大考生的难题。考生往往会采用机械记忆的方式来记单词，比如按照词汇表或单词书逐个重复读写来记忆，但效果并不明显，往往很快就忘记，反复记忆又反复忘记，最终使考生失去记单词的动力和兴趣。那么，如何才能更好提升词汇量呢？

一、以教材文本为基础，深入研读文本，建构知识结构

考生应该充分重视教材文本，教材的每个文本都是围绕一个特定的主题展开的，包含了大量而丰富的主题词汇。为了掌握这些零碎的主题词汇，考生需要识别文本中含有主题词汇的语块，毕竟语块是学习语言的基本单位，语块可以包含动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等有意义的词汇组合。此外，考生需要深入研读文本，深探主题意义，从而找到主题语块的内在关联，把零散的语块串联起来，连成线、织成网、形成片，形成一定的知识结构，纳入已有的知识结构，形成知识体系更易于储存在大脑中。下面以人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies为例来阐释如何通过深入解读文本、建构知识结构来串联零散的主题语块。该文本包含了课标要求的precious life， entrust…with…， carry through， be deeply affected by， instead of， follow the traditional path of marriage， the majority of girls， complain， think of high tuition fees等 31个语块。

该文本主要讲述了“万婴之母”林巧稚的教育背景以及工作经历，赞扬了林巧稚的努力拼搏、家国情怀以及默默奉献的一生。该文本共有六段，可以分为三个部分，第一部分即第一段：通过引用林巧稚的话引入其艰难抉择的一生这个主题；第二部分即第二至五段：主要讲述了林巧稚的教育和工作经历；第三部分即最后一段：再次引用林巧稚的话烘托其无私奉献的精神。该文本是人物自传、记叙文文体，其明线是时间线索，按照时间先后顺序介绍了林巧稚的一生，暗线是林巧稚一生五个艰难的抉择。因此，根据两个线索把文本的主要语块进行有意义的串联如下。

Time

Lins experiences

1901

Lin was born.

1906

She was deeply affected by her mothers death.

1909

Instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to study medicine.

1917

She graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship， the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician and then was named a chief resident physician.

（续表）

Time

Lins experiences

1939

She was sent to study in the US.

1941

She became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the hospital.

1954

She was elected to the first National Peoples Congress.

1983

She didnt retire until the day she died， 22 April， 1983.

表1：文本的明线——时间线索

Hard choices

Reasons

Difficulties

Quotes

Qualities

Choice 1： Instead of getting married， she chose to study medicine.（Para1）

She was deeply affected by her mothers death.

The high tuition fees.

She responded， “Id rather stay single to study all my life.

determined

Choice 2： She rejected staying in the US but chose to return home.（Para2）

She wanted to serve the woman and children at home.

She must give up high incomes and comfortable life.

patriotic

Choice 3： She chose to open a private clinic rather than did nothing.（Para3）

All the people were still in need of help.

She charged very low fees and reduced costs and rode a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.

devoted， committed

Choice 4： Instead of holding many important positions， she chose to tend patients， publish medical research on care for woman and children， and train the next generation of doctors.（Para4）

The OB-GYN

department cares for two lives. We should be responsible.

She had to work very hard and may became exhausted.

“The OB-GYNdepartment cares for two lives”， she told new staff in the department. “As doctors， we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.”

indifferent tofame andmoney，hard-working

Choice 5： She chose to work until the day she died， and toleave her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.（Para5）

Life is precious， and people entrust her with that life.

She may have nothing left for her own.

“Im ready to go. Dont try to rescue me any more. Dont waste the medicine any more.”

selfless， generous

表2：文本的暗线——林巧稚一生的五大抉择

表1按照时间线索梳理了林巧稚的生平，共串联了11个语块（黑体划线部分）；表2按照文本的暗线梳理了林巧稚一生的五大抉择以及抉择背后的原因、困难、对林巧稚话语的引用及其宝贵的品质，共串联20个语块。两个线索共同形成了文本的知识结构，共串联了31个课标要求掌握的语块。

二、基于知识结构，复述文本内容，提炼语块，强化记忆

建立知识结构后，也就理清了文本发展的主要脉络，并梳理了文本的主要信息。为了进一步理解记忆主要语块，考生要根据知识结构对文本进行复述，不仅更好理解文章的主要内容，而且能进一步掌握单词、语块的用法，为后续的迁移运用做铺垫。同样以人教版必修三Unit2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies为例，根据以上知识结构，该文本的复述如下：

In 1901， Lin Qiaozhi was born. As a five-year-old girl， she was deeply affected by her mothers death. At age 18， Instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls， she chose to study medicine despite her brothers complain about high tuition fees. Eight years later， She graduated from PUMC with the Wenhai Scholarship， the highest prize given to graduates. She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician and then was named a chief resident physician. In 1939， she was sent to study in the US and was invited to stay but she rejected the offer. In 1941， She became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the hospital but it was closed because of the war. She chose to open a private clinic rather than did nothing， because all the people were still in need of help. She charged very low fees and reduced costs and rode a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. In 1954， she was elected to the first National Peoples Congress and then she held many important positions， but she chose to tend patients， publish medical research on care for woman and children， and train the next generation of doctors， for she thought that as doctors， they should “ be responsible for the patients and treat them as our sisters.” She chose to work until the day she died in 1983， and to leave her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors， because she thought that life was precious and people entrusted her with that life.

以上复述包含了该文本需要掌握的主要语块。考生不仅应能口头复述，最好能够写下来使之更加精确、完整。此外，考生应根据知识结构和对文本的复述，再次梳理语块，如下：

Be deeply affected by 对……感到深深悲伤

Instead of 而不是

Follow the traditional path of marriage 遵循传统的结婚之路

The majority of girls 大多数女孩

……

梳理语块时注意分两栏，左边写英语，右边默写汉语，中英文对照以便后续再次巩固复习，强化记忆。

三、结合试题，归纳派生词，积累语块

对于考生而言，熟练掌握教材文本语块仅仅是基本功。而考试的时候，往往会有很多超越教材文本的词汇导致考生看不懂文章，答题的错误率居高不下，因此，考生要善于总结试题中的词汇，尤其是派生词以及语块以拓展词汇量。下面以2024年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试 （二）的A篇文章为例来阐明如何总结派生词、积累语块。该文章如下：

A

Train the important skills modern editors use to evaluate and enhance writing for clarity， precision and accuracy.

In this course， students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece， going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy， style and organization. Understanding the different challenges in an editors job， students will get a behind-the-scenes look at this sometimes busy and often exciting career. Meanwhile， students will grow their own technical editing skills and return home a more competent editor.

Using Gen Z Era as their case study， students will meet and study under the people who decide what topics are relevant and valuable to the audience and who determine the overall editorial strategy， ensuring that the content meets the standards and tone of the publication.

Course Highlights

Visit the media city and attend lectures by award-winning guest speakers.

Assess articles as well as question and coach the authors to get the best piece possible.

Connect with professionals who manage the development and publication of accurate and worthy content.

Edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article in the style of Gen Z Era Price

Residential Program （Students live on campus）： $6，600

Day Program（Students commute to class every day）： $5，500

（Graduating seniors can have a $400 discount if applying before May 2，2024.）

Term Date： July 9-July 21，2024

Application Deadline： Friday， May 31，2024

Contact Admission： info@gzeeditor.net

21.Which is the probable name of the course？

A.Career Development in Media.

B.Editorial Decision-making.

C.Fundamentals of Editing.

D.Introduction to Publication.

22.What will students do in the course？

A.Interview award-winning guests.

B.Help authors improve their articles.

C.Connect with professional publishers.

D.Edit one article for Gen Z Era.

23.A graduating senior applying for a Day Program on April 30， 2024 should pay .

A.$5，100 B.$5，500

C.$6，200 D.$6，600

该文章是一篇应用文，主要介绍了写作课程的主要内容以及基本信息。该文本含有大量的派生词和语块，因此，考生在答题后应总结归纳文本的派生词并积累语块以拓展词汇量。如文章的第一段出现了editor一词，第二段出现其形容词短语editing skills，第三段出现另外一个形容词短语the overall editorial strategy以及动词短语edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article，考生应能敏锐捕捉到edit， editor， editing， editorial这一系列派生词及其语块。又如第22题中的选项C：Connect with professional publishers，原文中第二段出现其相关派生词短语meets the standards and tone of the publication，而在人教版必修三Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 的Reading and Thinking： Mother of Ten Thousand Babies中出现其动词语块：publish medical research，因此考生应能把试题中派生词的考查和教材文本中的词根进行关联，形成派生词：publish， publisher， publication，publishing及其短语的全面总结。此外该本文还包含了同义词如：第一段中：evaluate writing；第三段中出现其同义词：assess articles，第一段中precision and accuracy也是同义词，因此考生应善于归纳总结，若是能拓展就更好，如：evaluate—evaluation， assess—assessment， precision—precise， accuracy—accurate等；另外，该文本及其选项中还包含了大量高频语块如：award-winning guest speakers，a submitted piece，以及fundamentals of editing等，因此考生要善于识别、总结、拓展试题中的系列派生词、同义词、高频语块以扩大词汇量。

总之，提升词汇量应是考生持之以恒的追求，考生应能采取有效的策略助力词汇量的扩展和夯实。在日常学习中，考生主要通过学习教材内容和所做的试题两个方面来夯实词汇基础。考生要以教材文本为基础，深入研读文本，建构知识结构；基于知识结构，复述文本内容，提炼语块，强化记忆；结合试题，归纳派生词，积累语块。

【本文系“中小学英语教学研究专项课题“基于深度阅读的高中英语写作任务活动的设计与实施研究”（批准号：GDJY-2022-A-yyb84）以及广东省教育科学研究项目重点课题“高中英语阅读教学中学科能力培养的行动研究”（批准号：2023ZQJK119）系列研究成果】

【作者简介：曾获湛江市直属中学高效课堂比赛一等奖；湛江市高中教师微课和课件比赛一等奖；湛江市班主任能力大赛一等奖；主持申报的《高中英语阅读中思维能力培养的实践研究》荣获湛江市基础教育教学成果奖二等奖；在《基础外语教育》《广东教育》等权威期刊发表论文16篇】

责任编辑 吴昊雷