Hainan Coconut Carving 海南椰雕

在海南，无论身处街市或是乡村，到处都能望见椰树的身影。两千多年的种植历史激发了人们使用椰子的想象力，也留下了传统椰雕工艺。

椰雕作为海南省海口市的传统艺术，是国家级非物质文化遗产之一。它因其工艺精湛、风格古朴、造型优美、地方特色浓厚而闻名。

海南椰雕的雕制工艺有线刻、浮雕、镶嵌、镂雕等。线刻和浮雕更为常见，多在椰器表面，展现山水、人物、花鸟、书法及其他内容。镶嵌和镂雕工艺多用于更为精致和艺术的椰雕作品，其工艺性、装饰性和艺术性强烈。

海南椰雕制作必须经过几道工序，如选料、造模、雕刻、嵌镶、刨光、修饰等。

In Hainan， whether in the streets or thecountryside， you can see the figure of coconuttrees everywhere. More than 2，000 years ofplanting history has inspired people’s imagination touse coconuts and left behind traditional coconutcarving crafts.

Coconut carving， a traditional art of HaikouCity， Hainan Province， is one of the nationalintangible cultural heritages. It is known for itsexquisite craftsmanship， simple styles，beautiful shapes and strong local characteristics.

Hainan coconut carving technologyincludes line carving， relief， inlay， piercing andso on. Line carving and relief are morecommon， mostly on the surface of thecoconut， showing landscape， figures， flowersand birds， calligraphy and other content. Inlayand piercing are mostly used in more delicateand artistic coconut carving objects， and theircraft， decoration and artistry are strong.

The production of Hainan coconutcarving must go through several processes，such as material selection， molding，engraving， mosaic， polishing and modification.

椰雕产品有小巧玲珑的果盘、饭碗、酒盏、装饰盒、项链，还有高雅的茶具、酒具、花瓶、灯具，以及各类高档挂屏、屏风等。

随着时代的变迁，人们的生产生活方式随之改变。消费市场的疲软甚至消失导致许多传承人放弃了对椰雕这个非物质文化遗产的传承，椰雕技艺也因失去了实际效用而逐步走向衰落。

传承人吴名驹一方面通过跟一些高校合作，设立了旅游工艺品雕刻专业课;另一方面，他着手筹备建设手工椰雕资料库，通过录像及其他形式把椰雕的制作工序记录下来，尝试编成教材，从而让海南椰雕这门技艺世代传承下去。

Coconut carving products include small andexquisite fruit plates， rice bowls， wine bowls，decorative boxes， necklaces， as well as elegant teasets， wine sets， vases， lamps， and all kinds of highgradewall hanging screens， screens and so on.

With the change of the time， people’s productionand life styles have changed. The weakening or evendisappearance of the consumer market has led manyinheritors to give up the inheritance of the intangiblecultural heritage of coconut carving， and coconutcarving skills have gradually declined due to the lossof practical utility.

On the one hand， Wu Mingju， the inheritor，established the carving course of tourism craftsthrough cooperation with some universities; on theother hand， he began to prepare for the construction ofa database of handmade coconut carving and recordthe production process of coconut carving through DVand other forms， trying to compile teaching materials，so that Hainan coconut carving will be passed downfrom generation to generation.