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考研英语小作文的七项任务及常用表达

2024-08-11唐伟胜

英语世界 2024年8期

考研英语写作分小作文和大作文两个部分,本刊考研专栏前5次讲解了大作文,今天针对小作文专门讲解。小作文旨在考查学生实用英语能力,也就是用英语来完成一件日常工作,近年来都是要求考生写一封信来完成以下7项任务:

介绍说明:对某个地方,某项活动或某项服务进行情况说明。

邀请/要求:邀请或要求某人参加某项活动。

投诉:向某人投诉某产品或服务的不足之处。

推荐:向某人推荐某物。

建议:就某事提出建议。

道歉:就某事表达歉意。

说明原因:就某事说明理由。

这些任务可以单独成题,也可以组合成题。组合成题时,一般仅涉及2项任务,尚未看到超过3项任务的情况。以下是完成这7项任务的常用表达。

介绍说明

本项任务要求考生对某个活动、某种服务或某项计划进行介绍说明,是常见的一种应用文写作。介绍说明的关键在于提供细节,包括时间、地点、参与人、目的、步骤、方法等。就活动介绍而言,需要说明活动名称、举办单位、活动宗旨、参与人群等;就服务介绍而言,需要说明服务方式、服务对象、服务步骤、服务费用等;就计划介绍而言,需要说明计划名称、计划内容、计划实施步骤等。常用表达如下:

(1)I would like to explain some details about the coming meeting. 我想解释一下即将召开的会议的细节。

(2)We’ll invite both professors and graduate students to join the meeting. 我们将邀请教授和研究生参加本次会议。

(3)The purpose of the meeting is to deepen mutual understanding between professors and graduate students. 本次会议的目的是加深教授和研究生之间的相互理解。

(4)During the meeting, both professors and graduate students will discuss the problems they currently face, and then try to figure out a solution. 会议期间,教授和研究生们将讨论他们面临的问题,并找出解决方案。

(5)The Students’ Union is made up of the student representatives from every school in our university. Its function is to make sure that all students have a rewarding college experience. 学生会由大学里各学院学生代表组成,其功能是让所有学生度过有价值的大学时光。

(6)You can join the plan by giving away your pocket money, books, food, and clothes. 你可以加入这个计划,捐出零用钱、书籍、食物和衣服。

邀请/要求

本项任务要求考生写一封邀请信,邀请某外国专家/外国友人参加某项活动。内容一般包括:表达邀请的愿望,对活动进行简要介绍,有关邀请的其他事项(如被邀请人的重要性、活动接送安排、邀请人联系方式等)。常用表达如下:

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(1)I was just wondering if you could accept our invitation to be a judge for our English speech contest. 不知道您是否愿意接受邀请,给我们的英语演讲比赛做评委。

(2)There will be a volunteer at the conference to serve as your guide. 会议上将有一名志愿者做您的向导。

(3)Please feel free to (or: Please do not hesitate to) contact me at 139xxx if you have any further questions. 如果您有任何其他问题,请拨打我的电话139xxx。

(4)I am looking forward to your arrival. 我期待您的到来。

投诉

本项任务要求学生写一封投诉信,告诉对方他们的产品或服务存在某种问题,说明原因,然后提出赔偿要求、解决办法或改进建议;或给报社及相关部门写信,描述某个问题,然后提出解决办法。常用表达如下:

(1)I feel sorry to trouble you, but I am afraid that I have to complain about the noise problem in the library. 很抱歉打扰你,但我认为必须投诉图书馆的噪音问题。

(2)The problem has been going on for quite a while, and it has greatly affected the quality of my life. 这个问题已经持续很长时间,严重影响了我的生活质量。

(3)The product is not as good as you have advertised, so I’m asking for a return. 产品没有你们广告说的那么好,因此我要求退货。

(4)The reasons for my dissatisfaction are as follows. First, ... Second, ... Third, .... 我不满意的理由如下:第一,……第二,……第三,……。

(5)Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply. 谢谢您考虑我提出的问题,我期待您的回复。

推荐

本项任务要求考生向朋友推荐自己喜欢的一本书、一部电影、一门课程或一位老师等。通常包括:推荐并说明推荐原因(或介绍具体情况)。常用表达如下:

(1)I would like to recommend this book (movie/professor) to you. 我想给你推荐这本书(电影/教授)。

(2)The reasons for my recommendation are as follows. 我推荐的理由如下。

(3)This movie tells an exciting story about how a man is inspired by music and becomes a great hero. 这部电影讲述了一个激动人心的故事,讲的是一个人如何受音乐激励,变成了大英雄。

(4)The professor is really a nice person, and he is amiable and ready to help his students. 这位教授人真的很好,很和善,而且愿意帮助学生。

(5)If you are trying to find something to read, this book is my strong recommendation. 如果你想找点东西读,我强烈推荐这本书。

建议

本项任务要求考生就某个问题提出建议,通常要求提出2—3条建议。提建议的语气分强弱两种,如果给上级提建议,应该用委婉语气,尽量避免使用“you should...”这样的句式。提建议时一般也需要陈述理由。常用表达如下:

(1)My suggestions are as follows. First, ... Second, ... Third, .... 我的建议如下:一、…… 二、…… 三、……。

(2)I would suggest that more sports facilities for students be installed on campus. 我建议在校园里为学生安装更多的体育设施。

(3)It would be great if the library was open on weekends. 图书馆周末开放就太好了。(委婉提建议的一种方法。)

(4)If there were more metro lines and bus services, the city would not be so crowded. 如果有更多地铁线和公共汽车服务,城市就不会那么拥挤了。(委婉提建议的一种方法。)

(5)It is high time that the university improved its teaching quality. 现在,大学该提高教学质量了。(委婉提建议的一种方法。)

(6)You should find a job that suits your ability. 你应该找一份适合自己能力的工作。

道歉

本项任务要求考生写信向对方道歉,道歉的原因可能是自己犯了某个错误,或者自己要采取某个不利于别人的行动。通常需要描写错误的细节,然后致歉,最后提出解决办法。常用表达如下:

(1)I am writing to apologize for the mistake I made this morning. 我写信为我今天上午犯的错误致歉。

(2)I would like to express my apology for having been late for your class today. 我想对今天上课迟到表示歉意。

(3)I am terribly sorry to tell you that I am not able to go to your birthday party this Saturday. 很遗憾地告诉你,我本周六无法参加你的生日晚会了。

(4)Once again, I am sorry for all the inconveniences caused. 为造成的不便,我再一次道歉。

说明原因

本项任务比较常见,往往与其他任务同时出现,无论是邀请、推荐、建议,还是投诉、道歉,都有可能需要说明原因。常用表达如下:

(1)My reasons are as follows. 我的理由如下。

(2)The first reason why I recommend this book to you is that it is very enlightening. 我向你推荐这本书的第一个理由是,这本书非常有启发性。

(3)I would like to make an apology to you because I hurt you this morning. 我想向你道歉,因为我今天上午伤害了你。

(4)We would like to invite you for the reason that you are the leading expert in this field. 我们想邀请您,因为您是这个领域的领先专家。

(5)I make this suggestion for a few reasons, the most important of which is that the university should always put the students’ health in the first place. 我这样建议是出于几个理由,其中最重要的理由是,大学应该将学生的健康置于首位。

*博士生导师,江西师范大学首席教授,英美文学学者。

《论语》英译选登

后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?

Young people are a worthy challenge. Who says that the younger generation will not be as good as the older?

三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。

While a great army may be made to change its commander, a common person cannot be made to change his ambition.

岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。

It is only in cold winter months that we see how the pine and the cypress are the last to wither.

知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。

The wise won’t get bewildered, the virtuous are not anxiety-ridden, and the courageous are dauntless.

(《〈论语〉最新英文全译全注本》,吴国珍,福建教育出版社,2012)