语法填空原创题专练:中国与中国文化相关话题
2024-07-01段华丽
段华丽
(一)
The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of Chinas 1 (civilize). And flood control and prevention have always been key 2 the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin, 3 uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, 4 the internet of things.
Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center.
5 (base) on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen and its like the Yellow River has a twin reflecting its real conditions. In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike (堤坝)on the spot by themselves, 6 (put) their lives at risk.
One big breakthrough in the rivers digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”, which 7 (bury) in important dike locations 8 (record) and report the movement of dike stones. Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends 9 alarm to the command center for quick response.
And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying as expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. Under the water and up in the sky, 10 (intelligence) systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts.
(二)
The Chinese city of Harbin saw 1 record number of visitors over the New Year holiday weekend during its annual Ice and Snow Festival, where more than 30000 people per day from around the world flock to check out a 2 (freeze)wonderland.
This ice city features intricate sculptures and structures, all 3 (glow)from within and all course made 4 (entire)of ice. This years festival 5 (cover)810,000 square meters, nearly nine million square feet, 6 features 250,000 cubic meters of ice. Officials say an average of about 30,000 people entered the park every day, 7 is nearly double pre-pandemic numbers.
Booking was pretty difficult as rooms fell short 8 demand. Every hotel and tickets for Ice and Snow World sold out. A rather fitting spectacle was that temperatures over the New Year holiday 9 (drop) to nearly minus 25 degrees Celsius or minus 13 degrees Fahrenheit. But, the cold hardly stopped those itching for fun after the last three years of holiday cheer were stifled by varying degrees of pandemic 10 (restrict).
The aptly nicknamed Ice City shares its ice, art, and animals with the visitors looking for something cool to do.
(三)
Searches for travel to the northwestern city of Tianshui 1 (double) in the last week, while bookings for hotels and tourist attractions have increased nearly 40% 2 (compare) to the previous year.
Known primarily 3 its rich cultural heritage as a city along the ancient Silk Road, the city of Tianshui, in Chinas northwestern Gansu province, is now among the countrys food destinations for its unique and fiery spicy hot pot. 4 (drive) by social media buzz and local marketing campaigns, tourists have flocked to Tianshui, Gansus second-largest city, in recent weeks, with searches for travel to the city5 (report) up by 186% in just the last week. Bookings in Tianshui for hotels and attractions 6 (be)up 40% year-over year during the past month, Chinese travel giant Trip.com reported on March 12, propelling the city from relative obscurity to national 7 (recognize).
Tianshuis spicy hot pot involves diners 8 (select) their own ingredients , ranging from vegetables and meats to noodles, 9 then enhancing the mix with 10 spoonful of locally sourced peppercorns and red pepper oils. The red pepper, a key ingredient, is cultivated in Gangu County in Gansu predominantly, and is famed for its intense color and rich oil content.
(四)
In China, the red-crowned crane is regarded as a very special animal. For the Chinese it is often associated 1 luck, fidelity, and long life among Chinas extensive large bird population. It is known for its 2 ( elegant) which has white feathers, a red crown on its head, and a beautiful and elegant posture. Red-crowned cranes are monogamous. They have strict needs when it comes to their living environment and they will only breed where the natural habitat is friendly. 3 ( compare) with their breeding grounds thousands of miles away to the north,the water, full of food, never completely freezes over in winter 4 they can hide and seek for food. But this longevity bird, so 5 (cherish) by the Chinese people, is endangered because its 6 (nature) habitat is fast disappearing with only about 2,000 left in the world, 1,000 of7 migrate to Yancheng. This is the largest group of red-crowned cranes in the world that continues 8 (migrate).
Thanks to local efforts in wetland protection and scientific measures to better look after this national treasure, 9 number of red-crowned cranes is now rising. The Yancheng wetlands has become a paradise for red-crowned cranes, 10 (ensure) the longevity birds enjoy a long life for this planet.
(五)
Populus Euphratica(胡杨林) is the only tree species to be found in the desert of North China. As the oldest tree in this Populus Euphratica forest, it 1 (guard)the region for over 800 years, boasting the longest continuous presence among its kind, for which the locals call it the “Sacred Tree.”
Dating back to approximately 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs vanished from the Earth, the Populus Euphratica emerged as a new species along the ancient Mediterranean Sea and thrived in the seasonally flooded river beds of the Gobi Desert, 2 its deep roots seek out water to sustain its growth. Despite its affinity for moisture, the Populus Euphratica exhibits remarkable resilience to 3 (dry), thriving even when groundwater is buried beneath 4 minimum of four meters. 5 if the groundwater level sinks below nine meters, the trees survival is at risk.
Serving 6 a formidable windbreak, it effectively prevents sand erosion and demonstrates remarkable salt resistance. Each adult tree is capable of discharging tens of kilograms of salt and alkali 7 (annual). The wind 8 (block) by this natural barrier, the sand is immobilized, enhancing the soil quality and safeguarding the ecological well-being of Ejina.
To the south of the Populus Euphratica forest in Ejina, lies Badain Jaran, the third 9 (large) desert in China. Without this 260 square kilometer Populus Euphratica forest, the Badain Jaran Desert, already 49,200 square kilometers in size, would spread northward, 10 (squeeze) the living space of humans.
答案解析
(一)这是一篇说明文,文章对数字孪生黄河的智慧黄河体系进行了介绍。
1.civilization考查名词。句意:黄河是中国文明的摇篮。根据空格前“Chinas”的所有格特征可知,此处应填写名词形式“文明”,“civilize”变形为“civilization”。
2.to 考查介词。句意:洪水控制与预防一直以来对黄河沿岸的人们的福祉具有重要意义。“be key to”, 固定搭配,意为“对..有具有关键作用/重要意义”。
3.which 考查定语从句。句意:现在,科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字双胞胎来更好地解决这些问题,它使用各种技术,包括大数据、人工智能和物联网。非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词“a digital twin”,指物, 在从句中作主语,故填 “which”。
4.and 考查连词。句意:现在,科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字双胞胎来更好地解决这些问题,它使用各种技术,包括大数据、人工智能和物联网。“big data” “artificial intelligence”和“the internet of things”构成并列,故用连词 “and”。
5.Based 考查非谓语。句意:基于根据这些信息,黄河的三维模型在电脑屏幕上呈现,就像黄河有了一个双胞胎,反映了它的真实情况。Base与主句主语“a 3D model of the river”构成动宾关系,“3D模型以这些信息为基础”,故用过去分词形式 “based”作句子状语。
6.putting 考查非谓语。句意:在过去,研究人员必须自己在现场了解堤防的情况,使自己冒着生命危险。主句完整,根据句意及句子成分可知,put作句子状语,动作的逻辑主语是“researchers”与put之间是主动关系,故用-ing形式putting。
7.are buried 考查动词的时态语态。句意:河流数字化治理的一个重大突破是“智能石头”,它被埋在重要的堤坝位置用来记录并报告堤坝石头的运动。根据句意及结构,“bury”在”which”引导的定语从句中充当谓语,which指代先行词smart stones, 与bury埋藏构成被动关系,故需使用被动语态,根据前后文所用时态及句子本身是描述石头埋藏的客观情况,因为此句使用一般现在时,主语smart stones为复数形式,故答案为are buried。
8.to record 考查非谓语。句意:河流数字化治理的一个重大突破是“智能石头”,它被埋在重要的堤坝位置用来记录并报告堤坝石头的运动。根据句意可知,埋藏石头是为了记录和报告堤坝石头的运动,record在句中充当目的状语,为了表明目的,故用to record。
9.an 考查不定冠词。句意:智能石感应到堤防石块移动后,向指挥中心发送报警,以便快速响应。结合句意可知,此处表示“向……发送警报”,alarm是元音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词an。
10.intelligent 考查形容词。句意:在水下,在天空,智能系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面。填空处在句子当中充当定语修饰名词systems,故应使用形容词,intelligence变形为intelligent。
(二)这是一篇说明文,对爆火的“冰城”哈尔滨相关情况进行了介绍。
1. a 考查冠词。句意:在一年一度的冰雪节期间,中国城市哈尔滨在新年假期周末迎来了创纪录的游客人数,每天有超过3万来自世界各地的游客涌向这个冰天雪地的仙境。固定搭配, a number of,许多的;a record number of, 创纪录的,空前多的。
2. frozen 考查非谓语,句意:每天有超过3万来自世界各地的游客涌向这个冰天雪地的仙境。根据句意和句子结构可知,填空处作定语修饰wonderland,需要填一个形容词性的单词,wonderland与freeze这个动作之间构成被动关系,意为冰封的,封冻的仙境,故用过去分词frozen形式作定语。
3. glowing 考查非谓语。句意:这座冰城以错综复杂的雕塑和建筑为特色,所有的雕塑和建筑都是由内部发光的,而且全部都是由冰制成的。填空处前面句子完整,“all 3 (glow)from within and all course made 4 (entire)of ice”,构成独立主格,all所有雕塑与glow发光之间构成主动关系,故用glowing。
4. entirely 考查副词。句意:这座冰城以错综复杂的雕塑和建筑为特色,所有的雕塑和建筑都是由内部发光的,而且全部都是由冰制成的。根据句意可以判断,填空处修饰made这个动词,需用副词修饰动词,故用entirely。
5. covers 考查谓语。句意:今年的冰雪节占地81万平方米,近900万平方英尺,其中25万立方米的冰。cover在句子中充当谓语,描述今年冰雪节的基本情况,故用一般现在时,句子主语是festival,所以谓语用单三形式,covers。
6. and 考查连词。features,动词单三形式,与前一句covers构成并列的谓语,故用连词and。
7. which 考查非限定性定语从句。官员们表示,平均每天约有3万人进入公园,几乎是疫情前的两倍。从句缺少主语,根据句意主语是指代前一句中的“3万人”这个数量,故用which来指代。
8. of 考查介词。句意:由于房间供不应求,预订非常困难,每家酒店和冰雪大世界的门票都售罄了。习惯搭配,fall short of表示缺乏,缺少。
9. dropped 考查谓语动词。句意:一个相当合适的场景是新年假期期间的气温下降到了近零下25摄氏度或零下13华氏度。填空处在表语从句中充当句子谓语,句子描述的是在新年假期期间的时间,故用过去时,dropped。
10. restrictions 考查名词。句意:但是,在过去三年的节日欢乐被不同程度的流行病限制所扼杀之后,寒冷几乎没有阻止那些渴望娱乐的人。根据句意可知,填空处跟在pandemic后面,表示流行病限制,需用名词形式,且前面有varying degrees of来修饰,需用名词的复数形式,故用restrictions。
(三)这是一篇说明文,对网络走红的西北城市天水及天水麻辣烫进行了介绍。
1. have doubled 考查谓语动词的时态。句意:上周,中国西北部城市天水的旅游搜索量翻了一番。double在句子当中充当谓语,句子中的时间状语是in the last two weeks,故使用现在完成时;句子主语是Searches,复数;故用have doubled。
2. compared 考查非谓语。句意:上周,中国西北部城市天水的旅游搜索量增加了一倍,而酒店和旅游景点的预订量与去年相比增长了近40%。填空处在句子中充当定语,修饰“40%”,所修饰词的数据是被比较的对象,与compare之间构成被动关系,因而使用compare的过去分词形式compared。
3. for 考查介词。句意:天水市位于中国西北部的甘肃省,位于古丝绸之路上,以其丰富的文化遗产而闻名;如今,天水市因其独特的辛辣火锅而成为中国美食的目的地之一。固定搭配,be known for以..而闻名。
4. Driven 考查非谓语动词。句意:在社交媒体和当地营销活动的推动下,近几周,游客们纷纷涌向甘肃第二大城市天水,搜索着去天水旅游的信息。填空处在句子充当状语,根据句意,tourists游客受到..的驱使/驱动,表示被动,故使用过去分词driven形式。
5. reportedly 考查副词。句意:在社交媒体和当地营销活动的推动下,近几周游客们纷纷涌向甘肃第二大城市天水,据报道,仅在上周,前往天水旅游的搜索量就增长了186%。填空处在句子中充当状语,故使用副词形式reportedly。
6. were 考查动词时态。句意:据中国旅游巨头携程网3月12日报道,在过去的一个月里,天水酒店和景点的预订量同比增长了40%,使这座城市从相对默默无闻的城市一跃成为全国知名城市。填空处在句子中充当谓语,句子所描述事情发生时间是during the past month,描写过去所发生的事情,用过去式;主语bookings为复数,故用were。
7. recognition 考查名词。句意:据中国旅游巨头携程网3月12日报道,在过去的一个月里,天水酒店和景点的预订量同比增长了40%,使这座城市从相对默默无闻一跃成为全国知名。填空处跟在national后面,被形容词修饰,故用名词形式recognition。
8. selecting 考查非谓语。句意:天水的麻辣火锅由食客自己选择食材,从蔬菜、肉类到面条,然后再加入1勺当地出产的胡椒和红辣椒油调味。involve sb doing sth,使某人参与到什么事情中来,故使用selecting。
9. and 考查连词。句意:天水的麻辣火锅由食客自己选择食材,从蔬菜、肉类到面条,然后再加入1勺当地出产的胡椒和红辣椒油调味。根据句意, 挑选食材select..与调理味道enhancing the mix..构成并列,故使用连词and。
10. a 考查不定冠词。句意:天水的麻辣火锅由食客自己选择食材,从蔬菜、肉类到面条,然后再加入1勺当地出产的胡椒和红辣椒油调味。固定搭配 a spoonful of, 一勺……,故填a。
(四)这是一篇说明文,对中国的长寿鸟丹顶鹤及其栖息地盐城进行了介绍。
1. with 考查介词。句意:对于中国人来说,它经常与运气、忠诚和长寿联系在一起。固定搭配,be associated with,与..联系在一起。
2. elegance 考查名词。句意:它以优雅而闻名,它有白色的羽毛,头上戴着红色的皇冠,姿态优美优雅。根据句意,填空处跟在its形容词后面,它的优雅,故应使用名词形式elegance。
3. Compared 考查非谓语。句意:与几千英里以外的北方它们的繁殖地相比,那里的水充满了食物,在冬天永远不会完全结冰,在那里它们可以躲藏起来寻找食物。所填空在句子中作状语,根据句意与…作对比,逻辑主语water与比较之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词compared。
4. where 考查定语从句。句意:与几千英里以外的北方它们的繁殖地相比,那里的水充满了食物,在冬天永远不会完全结冰,在那里它们可以躲藏起来寻找食物。所填空后面的句子作定语修饰名词water,为定语从句,从句完整,先行词是water,理解为地点在水中,故使用关系副词where。
5. cherished 考查非谓语。句意:但是这种受中国人珍爱的长寿鸟是濒危的,因为它的自然栖息地正在迅速消失,只有大约2000只在世界上,其中1000 只迁移到盐城。所填空在句子是中充当定语,修饰birds,与cherish构成被动关系,鸟类受到中国人的珍爱,故使用过去分词cherished。
6. natural 考查形容词。句意:但是这种受中国人珍爱的长寿鸟是濒危的,因为它的自然栖息地正在迅速消失,只有大约2000只在世界上,其中1000 只迁移到盐城。根据句意,所填空修饰名词habitat,故使用形容词natural。
7. which 考查定语从句。句意:但是这种受中国人珍爱的长寿鸟是濒危的,因为它的自然栖息地正在迅速消失,只有大约2000只在世界上,其中的1000 只迁移到盐城。根据句意,填空所在句子是定语从句,2000只中的1000只,要表示所属关系, 同时所填空指代前一句中的数量词2000,故使用which。
8. to migrate 考查非谓语。句意:这是世界上继续迁徙的最大的丹顶鹤群。习惯搭配,continue to do sth,故使用to migrate。
9. the 考查定冠词。句意:由于当地在湿地保护方面的努力和更好地保护这一国宝的科学措施,丹顶鹤的数量正在上升。the number of…,特指……的数量,这里特指丹顶鹤的数量在上升,故使用the。
10. ensuring 考查非谓语。句意:盐城湿地已成为丹顶鹤的天堂,确保长寿鸟在这个星球上长久地生活。填空处充当句子定语修饰Yancheng,盐城确保长寿鸟能长久地生活,Yancheng与ensure之间构成主动关系,故使用ensuring。
(五)这是一篇说明文,对守护中国西北戈壁滩的“圣树”胡杨林进行了介绍。
1. has been guarding/has guarded 考查谓语动词时态。句意:作为胡杨林中最古老的树,它已经守护了这个地区800多年,是同类中持续存在时间最长的树,当地人称之为“圣树”。guard在句子中充当谓语,动作发生时间是over 800 years,故使用完成时,主语it为单数,故使用has been guarding/has guarded。
2. where 考查定语从句。句意:大约6500万年前,当恐龙从地球上消失时,胡杨作为一个新物种出现在古地中海沿岸,在戈壁沙漠季节性洪水泛滥的河床上茁壮成长,在那里它的深根需要水来维持它的生长。填空所在句子充当定语修饰名词river beds,从句完整,river beds先行词是一个地点,故使用关系副词where。
3. drought 考查名词。句意:尽管它很喜欢水,胡杨表现出非凡抗干旱能力,即使地下水埋在4米以下它也能茁壮成长。根据句意,exhibit resilience to sth.,对..展现出对抗能力,to 作介词,后面应该接名词,故使用drought。
4. a 考查冠词。句意:尽管它很喜欢水,胡杨表现出非凡抗干旱能力,即使地下水埋在4米以下它也能茁壮成长。根据句意与固定搭配a minimum of,至少……,故填a
5. But 考查连词。句意:如果地下水在九米以下,那么胡杨树的生存就面临风险。本句话与前一句胡杨树茁壮成长构成意义上的转折,故使用but。
6. as 考查介词。句意:作为强大的防风林,它有效地防止了沙蚀,并表现出非凡的耐盐性。填空所在成分在句子中充当状语,serve as 习惯搭配,作为..。故填as。
7.annually 考查副词。句意:每棵成年树每年能排出数十公斤的盐和碱。所填空在句子中充当状语,故使用副词形式annually。
8. blocked 考查非谓语。句意:风被这一天然屏障挡住,沙被固定,提高了土壤质量,维护了额济纳的生态福祉。填空后一句为主句,填空所在成分构成独立主格结构,wind与block之间构成被动关系,故使用blocked。
9. largest 考查形容词最高级。句意:在额济纳胡杨林的南面,是中国第三大沙漠——巴丹吉林。根据句意,第三大沙漠,同时跟在定冠词the后面,故使用最高级largest。
10. squeezing 考查非谓语。句意:如果没有这260平方公里的胡杨林,已经有49200平方公里的巴丹吉林沙漠将向北扩展,挤压人类的生存空间。填空所在成分为句子状语,巴丹吉林沙漠挤压人类空间,squeeze与逻辑主语巴丹吉林沙漠之间构成主动关系,故使用squeezing。
责任编辑 吴昊雷