PLANET EARTH Ⅲ（Part Two）地球脉动第三季（下）

万宇婧

这是一部非常经典的纪录片，上期我们了解了三种热带动物，本期我们将走近另外三种动物，了解它们在雨林和湿地中生存的故事。

剧情概要

《地球脉动第三季》呈现了地球上的壮丽美景和奇特地貌，以绝美的画面展示了大自然的宏伟景象，从微妙细腻的小生物到壮丽的自然奇观。这部纪录片记录了无数生物在各自的栖息地中生活，适应着严酷的自然环境，顽强地追逐着新的一天到来的故事。全片以充满美感和温暖的基调呈现，让人感受到对大自然的敬畏和歌颂。

Scene A

一头年迈的雌性白灵熊，捕鱼却是灵敏得很。白灵熊捕食鲑鱼，吃剩下的鲑鱼成了雨林中沃土的养分，促进了雨林中树木的生长。如此循环，白灵熊在这样一个健康的家园里养老，想必也是惬意的。

Forests， at first sight，m a y s e e m q u i e t a n dtranquil. But today we canexplore them in new ways，and from a new perspective.And in fact， they are full ofunexpected connections， relationshipsand even secret messages. Only noware we discovering how strange and complex forests actually are.

The 1）temperate rain forests of westernCanada. Some of the trees here are athousand years old. And the beginning of a2）spectacle that each year transforms thisforests and all that lives in it. After yearsat sea， thousands of Pacific salmon arereturning to these 3）streams to breed.And they attract the forests rarest4）resident.

A spirit bear， a white variantof the black bear. Fewer thanone hundred and fifty 5）exist， andthey are found only here. This female hasfished for salmon here for twenty years.Get your timing right， and there can begreat 6）rewards. In her youth she was， infact， even more successful than the blackbears. Perhaps her pale coat makes itdifficult for the fish to see her againstthe bright sky. And that could give her an advantage. But now she isold， and this year she is finding ithard. Her fishing skills， however，havent totally 7）deserted her.This 8）annual feast helps her tofatten， ready for the winter ahead.

But it also helps the patch offorest where she lives. This femalehas an unusual relationship withthe forest. Every fish 9）carcassshe leaves behind decays，releasing 10）nutrients that soakinto the soil. And there， they arecollected by a network of fungi.The threads attach themselves tothe trees roots， and nutrients fromthe fish collected by the fungi arethen passed on to the trees. As aconsequence the forest aroundthe river grows three times fasterthan elsewhere. And some trees here， become as tall as any in theworld， and provides spirit bearswith a healthy forest home.

1） temperate adj. 溫带的；温和的

2） spectacle n. 奇观

3） stream n. 小溪；小河

4） resident n. 居民；住户

5） exist v. 存在；生存

6） reward n. 奖励；回报

7） desert v. 舍弃

8） annual adj. 一年一度的

9） carcass n. （尤指供食用的）畜体；残骸

10） nutrient n. 养分；营养物

乍看之下，森林里一片安静祥和的景象。但如今我们能够以全新的方式展开探索，以新的视角加以审视。其实，森林中充满了各种意想不到的连接和关系，乃至秘密信号。直到现在，我们才发现，森林实际上是多么奇妙而又复杂。

这里是加拿大西部的温带雨林。这里的一些树木已有千年树龄。每年一度的自然奇观即将改变这片雨林以及生活在其中的动物。在海上生活多年之后，成千上万的太平洋鲑鱼将洄游到这些溪流的上游繁殖后代。它们引来了雨林中最罕见的居民。

白灵熊，它是黑熊的变种。白灵熊在世界上仅存不到150 头，而且只生活在这里。这头雌性白灵熊20 年来一直在这里捕食鲑鱼。把握好时机，就能获得丰厚的回报。它年轻的时候，捕鱼的成功率比黑熊还高。或许是因为，天气晴好的时候，它的一身白毛让鲑鱼很难发现它的身影，因此让它占据了优势。但是现在，这头白灵熊老了，今年尤为力不从心。不过，它的捕鱼技能并没有完全荒废。一年一度的捕鱼盛宴能让它储备脂肪，为即将到来的冬天做好准备。

同时这也有益于它生活的这片雨林。这头雌熊与雨林形成了一种特殊的关系。它吃剩下的鲑鱼最终会腐烂，释放出营养物质，渗入土壤之中。在地面之下，真菌网络会收集这些养分。这些菌丝会附着在树根上，把从残羹冷炙中积累的养分输送给林中的树木。因此，河流周围的雨林生长速度要比其他地方快三倍。这里的树木挺拔耸立，高度居世界之冠，并为白灵熊提供了一个健康的雨林家园。

Scene B

人类不断地砍伐树木，导致森林资源枯竭，失去家园的黑猩猩们被迫穿过马路，前往人类的村庄。黑猩猩是人类的近亲，却无法与人类共存，这一切的始作俑者，究竟是谁？

Uganda， East Africa. This small group of chimpanzees have a11）detailed knowledge of the forest territory that they inherited from12）previous generations. They know the best places to shelter， toraise their young， and to feed.

This fruiting tree cannot， by itself， 13）sustain the chimps for long.The alpha male signals that it is time to move on. Where he goes，others will follow. He leads them， not to another fruiting tree， butinto a new world.

This road， only recently built， has cut through their territory. Thealpha male is cautious. His own mother was killed on this road. He makes sure it is clear before crossing with theslower members of his family. If the group is toget what they need， they will have to go againsttheir natural instincts， and 14）approach humans.

But their new neighbors are friendly， andthey allow the chimps to collect 15）jackfruit—thelargest of all tree fruits. Jackfruit grow all yearround in peoples gardens. And they are morenutritious than the limited amount of wild foodthat chimps can now find in what remains oftheir forest.

But this is a new world， and a newrelationship. New 16）boundaries need to beestablished. Some of the chimps start to helpthemselves to peoples 17）crops. They haveoutstayed their welcome， and the alpha maledecides that its time to leave.

But these highly intelligent animals， our closest living relatives，have managed， just about， to carveout a place for themselves， in thischanging world. Animals havemaintained a long-establishedrelationship with forests. But as wecontinue to break our connectionswith them， the question is for howmuch longer will they survive？ Surelythe time has come to rebuild them.

11） detailed adj. 詳尽的

12） previous adj. 以前的；先前的

13） sustain v. 维持；承受

14） approach v. 靠近

15） jackfruit n. 波罗蜜

16） boundary n. 分界线；边界

17） crop n. 庄稼

这里是东非的乌干达。这一小群黑猩猩对森林领地了如指掌，这是它们从上一代那里传承下来的本领。它们知道哪里是最佳的庇护所、育儿所以及觅食地。

这棵果树无法长期为黑猩猩们提供食物。雄性首领发出信号，表示是时候前往其他地方了。它走到哪里，其他同伴就跟随到哪里。它们的目的地不是另一棵果树，而是一个新的世界。

这条近期修建的公路，横穿了它们的领地。雄性首领很谨慎，它的母亲就是在这条公路上丧命的。它确认道路畅通无阻后，才带着速度较慢的家族成员穿过。要想得到它们生存所必需的资源，它们必须违背自己的本能，并且接近人类。

但是它们的人类邻居很友好。他们允许黑猩猩摘取波罗蜜——树上结的果实中最大的一种。人类的种植园里，一年四季都有波罗蜜在生长。这些波罗蜜比现在森林里所能找到的有限食物更有营养。

而这是一个新的世界，双方必须建立起新的关系。这也意味着需要划分出新的界限。一些黑猩猩随意糟蹋了人类种植的庄稼。它们不再受欢迎了。雄性首领决定，是时候离开了。

这些高智商的动物，与人类有着最亲近的亲缘关系，足以在这个不断变化的世界中为自己争取到一席之地。动物与森林之间的联系源远流长，但问题是，随着我们不断破坏人类与森林的联系，这些森林还能够存在多久？毫无疑问，重建森林迫在眉睫。

Scene C

在洪水泛滥的陆地上，有优秀的捕猎者，也有擅长游泳的“大长腿”们。这是杂色狼群与驴羚群之间的追逐战。从陆地到深水，捕猎者最终能否成功？

Fresh water shapes the land and the creatures that livein it， in the most surprising ways. Whilst lily-trotters are welladapted to life in this flooded world. These residents of the18）delta are not. African painted dogs， normally， they areremarkably successful hunters. But this pack of five hasnteaten in days. Finding 19）prey isnt the problem. This 20）herd oflechwe is only a few hundred meters away. But between themis deep water. Its not safe to cross here. On dry land， the dogscan run at over forty miles an hour.

But when threatened， lechwe always 21）seek the safetyof water. With theirsplayed hooves andlong hind legs， they canpower their way throughthe water. The dogscant. The pack wontbe able to outswim thelechwe. But they do have a 22）strategy. The dogs drivethe lechwe to where they havethe advantage， back towards dryland. Now the pack can regainlost ground. Success today， buttomorrow the pack will need tohunt again.

18） delta n. 三角洲

19） prey n. 獵物；捕获物

20） herd n. 兽群

21） seek v. 寻找；寻求

22） strategy n. 策略；行动计划

淡水以令人震撼的方式塑造了陆地以及所有的陆地生物。非洲水雉很好地适应了这片洪泛世界。但是一些三角洲的常住居民还没有适应。杂色狼，又名非洲野犬，它们通常是非常成功的猎手。但是这五头杂色狼已经好几天没有吃东西了。要发现猎物并不难，几百米外的地方就有一群驴羚。但在它们之间有一条深水河，直接穿行过去不太安全。在干燥的陆地上，杂色狼的奔跑速度可以超过每小时40 英里（约64 千米）。

但是，驴羚在遇到危险时，会前往安全的近水区域。它们的蹄子可以张开，而且后腿很长，因此可以涉水行进。但杂色狼没有这样的本领，杂色狼游不过驴羚。但它们另有计策。杂色狼把驴羚驱赶到了有利于自己的地方，又回到了干燥的陆地继续追击。这群杂色狼现在可以扳回一局了。它们今天成功了，但明天还要继续捕猎。