演讲稿读写指南

2024-03-06河南

疯狂英语·新策略 2024年1期

关键词：演讲稿段落比喻

河南李哲

文体导读

英语演讲稿是一种书面表达的文体，用于书面演讲或演讲稿的撰写。它具有以下几个主要语篇特征：

1.清晰明确的目的。演讲稿通常有明确的目标，如说服听众、激发情感、传递信息等。

2.丰富多变的修辞。演讲稿中常运用修辞手法，如比喻、排比、反问等，以增强语言的表达力和说服力。

3.结构清晰的组织。演讲稿往往按照一定的结构组织，如问题—原因—解决方案、比较—对比、时间顺序等，以确保演讲稿易于理解及内容的逻辑性。

4.激发情感的语言。演讲稿常常使用感人、激励或激动人心的语言，以引起听众的情感共鸣。

策略导航

1.预设读写目标。在开始读写任务之前，明确自己的读写目标。是为了获取主要观点？还是为了理解演讲的逻辑结构？或者是为了寻找支撑细节？

2.构思整篇演讲稿。在读写活动之前，先快速构思整篇演讲稿，思考其结构和主要内容。注意段落之间的标题和主旨句，以获取整体的概念和框架。

3.关注关键信息。关注演讲稿的开头和结尾，这通常包含了演讲的主题、目的以及要点的概述。同时，也要注意关键段落或标志词以抓住重要信息。使用标记笔、高亮笔或数字标记来突出和标注主要观点、重要信息和支撑细节，以便之后进行回顾和复习。写作前，要在日常学习中收集相关的信息、事实和证据，方便在写演讲稿时支撑你的观点和进行论证。要确保选取可靠的来源，并记录下引用的参考资料的详细信息。

4.注意段落结构和过渡词。审视每个段落的结构，理顺其主题句和支撑句之间的逻辑关系。同样，留意过渡词（例如however、therefore、in addition 等）的使用，它们可以帮助你理解段落之间的联系。

5.简洁明了的表达。使用简洁明了的语言来表达观点，避免冗长和复杂的句子。清晰的表达可以让听众更好地理解你的演讲。

6.故事和案例的运用。运用生动的故事和实际案例，使你的演讲更具吸引力和可信度。故事和案例可以帮助受众更好地理解和记忆你的观点。

7.试讲和修改。写完演讲稿后，进行反复的试讲并根据需要进行修改。重点关注语音语调、暂停和姿态等非语言因素，以增强你的演讲效果。

素材导背

1.开场白和问候(Opening and greetings)

Ladies and gentlemen,distinguished guests...女士们，先生们，尊贵的来宾……

It's an honor to stand before you today.很荣幸今天能站在你们面前。

I'd like to express my sincere gratitude for being here.对于能够在这里，我想表达我真挚的感激之情。

2.引言和引用名言(Introduction and quoting)

Today,I stand here to share with you...今天，我站在这里与你们分享……

As Mark Twain once said...正如马克·吐温曾经说过的那样……

In the words of Einstein...用爱因斯坦的话来说……

3.感谢和表达荣幸之情(Thanking and expressing honor)

I would like to thank...for giving me this opportunity.我要感谢……给了我这个机会。

I am deeply honored to be chosen as...被选为……，我深感荣幸。

I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to...我想向……表达我衷心的感谢。

4.回顾过去，展望未来(Reflecting on the past and looking to the future)

The past three years have been filled with...过去的三年充满了……

We have achieved so much together.我们一起取得了如此多的成绩。

As we venture into the future...当我们探索未来时……

5.成就和团队合作(Achievements and teamwork)

Our accomplishments speak for themselves.我们的成绩不言而喻。

It was through our collective efforts that we...正是通过共同努力，我们……

Working together as a team,we were able to...作为一个团队一起合作，我们能够……

6.激励和鼓舞(Motivation and inspiration)

Don't be afraid to chase your dreams.不要害怕追逐你的梦想。

Believe in yourself and your abilities.相信自己和自己的能力。

Embrace challenges as opportunities for growth.拥抱挑战，将其视为成长的机会。

7.感悟和价值观(Reflections and values)

It's important to stay true to oneself.坚持真实的自己很重要。

Kindness and empathy should guide our actions.善良和同理心应该指引我们的行动。

Never underestimate the power of perseverance.永远不要低估坚持的力量。

8.希望和祝福(Hope and wishes)

May each of us find success and happiness in our future endeavors.愿我们每个人在未来的努力中获得成功和幸福。

Here's to a bright and promising future for all of us.为我们大家光明而充满希望的未来干杯。

May our paths cross again someday.愿我们的道路有一天能再次交汇。

案例导练

Embrace ups and downs:Wish you misfortune and happiness

迎接人生的起起落落：祝你不幸而快乐

Dear soon-to-be high school graduates，as we approach the end of our high school journey, I stand before you today, not as your principal, but as a fellow traveler on the roller coaster（过山车）ride of life.And so,my message to you is this:I wish you misfortune and happiness.

Now, before you raise an eyebrow, let me explain.Life is filled with unpredictable twists and turns, with ups and downs that can shake us within.These uncertainties can be discouraging, especially as you prepare for the upcoming college entrance examinations.But rest assured,my dear students,for it is through adversity that we find our inner strength and resilience.Embrace the challenges that life presents, for they will shape you into remarkable individuals capable of conquering any obstacle.

As the great American author Mark Twain once said, the two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.As you embark on this new chapter,remember that finding your purpose is not a linear journey.It can be filled with detours（迂回路）, setbacks, and moments of doubt.But trust in the process, have faith in yourselves,and never lose sight of your dreams.

Life is like a playground, my young graduates.We swing back and forth between laughter and tears, joy and disappointment.Cherish the moments of triumph and celebrate the victories, but also remember that it's okay to stumble and fall.The beauty of life lies in our ability to rise again,brushing off the dirt,and embracing life with renewed vigor.

Surround yourselves with a support system that lifts you up during those tough times.Lean on your friends, family, and mentors who believe in you.Remember, it's during the darkest hours that the light shines the brightest,and those who love and support you will be there to guide you through.

As you venture forth,armed with knowledge and determination,hold onto the power of optimism.Embrace life's uncertainty with a smile on your face and a twinkle in your eyes,for laughter is a powerful weapon against the challenges that lie ahead.Approach each day with a sense of wonder and excitement, knowing that every setback is an opportunity for growth.

Life is a delicate balance of highs and lows, triumphs and setbacks.My dear graduates, as you bid farewell to high school, I, once again wish you misfortune and happiness.May you overcome the uncertainties that life presents with unwavering optimism and unwavering resilience.May you find joy in every triumph and wisdom in every challenge.May you eventually understand and find true fortune and happiness in the future.

一、阅读自测

Detail 1.What can we learn from life's uncertainties and challenges according to the text?

A.They make us stronger and resilient.

B.They can discourage us during exams.

C.They are unpredictable twists and turns.

D.They shape us into capable individuals.

Inference2.Why does the lecturer quote Mark Twain's words?

A.To explain a common phenomenon of life.

B.To emphasize the process and purpose of life.

C.To make the speech more convincing and vivid.

D.To illustrate life never goes smoothly as expected.

Detail3.What advice does the lecturer make according to paragraph 5?

A.Discover and unleash your potential.

B.Have confidence in yourself all the time.

C.Seek support from others during hard times.

D.Gather enough strength to defeat challenges.

Detail4.What message does the lecturer want to convey at the end of his speech?

A.Facing each misfortune in future life bravely.

B.Embracing success and failure wholeheartedly.

C.Finding the balance of the positive and the negative.

D.Understanding the true meaning and happiness of life.

二、语言汲取

（一）与人生或生活相关的表达

1.人生的曲折和不确定性

roller coaster ride 过山车之旅

twists and turns 曲折

ups and downs 起起落落

uncertainty 不确定性

discouraging 令人泄气的

2.人生的挑战和克服障碍

challenge 挑战

detour 弯路

setback 挫折

moments of doubt 疑惑的时刻

have faith in oneself 对自己有信心

remarkable individuals 卓越的个体

conquer obstacles 克服障碍

tough times 艰难时期

the darkest hours 最黑暗的时刻

3.人生的目标和梦想

purpose 目标

dream 梦想

4.人生的喜悦和失望

playground 游乐场

joy and disappointment 快乐和失望

triumph and victories 胜利和成功

stumble and fall 跌倒和失败

5.人生的支持和坚韧

support system 支持系统

light shines the brightest 光芒最闪耀

power of optimism 乐观的力量

6.人生的欢乐和成长

smile and twinkle in your eyes 微笑和眼中的闪光

laughter 笑声

setbacks as opportunities 作为机会的挫折

7.人生的平衡和智慧

balance of highs and lows 高潮和低谷的平衡

misfortune and happiness 不幸和幸福

unwavering optimism and resilience 坚定的乐观和坚韧的个性

joy in every triumph 在每一次胜利中的快乐

wisdom in every challenge 在每一次挑战中的智慧

true fortune and happiness 真正的幸运和幸福

（二）多样化的修辞

1.I stand before you today, not as your principal, but as a fellow traveler on the roller coaster ride of life.我今天站在你们面前，不是作为你们的校长，而是作为人生过山车之旅上的一个同行者。

本句使用了比喻手法，将人生比喻为过山车之旅，突出了生活中的起伏和不确定性，以及演讲者自身与学生的共同旅程。

2.And so,my message to you is this:I wish you misfortune and happiness.因此，我对你们的寄语是：祝你们既有不幸也有幸福。

本句使用了矛盾修辞，表达了对学生们既能经历生活的曲折与挫折，也能获得幸福与成功的祝愿。

3.Life is like a playground, my young graduates.We swing back and forth between laughter and tears,joy and disappointment.生活就像一个游乐场，亲爱的毕业生们。我们在笑声和泪水、欢乐和失望之间来回摇摆。

本句使用了比喻手法，将生活比喻为游乐场，生动形象地描述了人们在生活中不断经历喜悦与失落的过程。

4.But trust in the process, have faith in yourselves, and never lose sight of your dreams.但要相信过程，对自己有信心，永远不要失去对梦想的追求。

本句使用了排比和押韵，强调了相信过程和对自己有信心的重要性，呼吁毕业生坚持追求梦想。

5.Lean on your friends, family, and mentors who believe in you.Remember, it's during the darkest hours that the light shines the brightest.依靠相信你们的朋友、家人和导师。记住，在最黑暗的时刻，光芒才会最闪耀。

本句通过对比修辞手法，强调了在困难时刻，亲人和支持者的重要性，并传达了在黑暗中，希望和光芒会显得更加耀眼的信息。

6.May you overcome the uncertainties that life presents with unwavering optimism and unwavering resilience.May you find joy in every triumph and wisdom in every challenge.May you eventually understand and find true fortune and happiness in the future.愿你们能以坚定的乐观和坚韧的韧性克服生活带来的不确定性。愿你们在每个胜利中找到欢乐，在每个挑战中找到智慧。愿你们最终理解并在未来找到真正的幸运和快乐。

本句使用了排比，简洁而有力地传递了校长对毕业生们的美好祝愿。

（三）精彩表达

1.But rest assured, my dear students, for it is through adversity that we find our inner strength and resilience.放心吧，亲爱的学生们，正是通过逆境，我们才能找到内在的力量和韧性。

本句使用的是“It be+被强调部分+that...”结构的强调句型，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以及表语等。

2.The beauty of life lies in our ability to rise again, brushing off the dirt, and embracing life with renewed vigor.生活的美丽在于我们能够再次崛起，拂去尘土，以新的活力拥抱生活。

本句中，brushing off the dirt,and embracing life with renewed vigor 为并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。

3.Embrace life's uncertainty with a smile on your face and a twinkle in your eyes, for laughter is a powerful weapon against the challenges that lie ahead.含笑面对生活的不确定性，眼中闪烁着光芒，因为笑声是对抗未来挑战的强大武器。

本句中，for 引导的是一个原因状语从句；that 引导的是一个定语从句，先行词为the challenges。

三、句式仿写

1.正是我们的朋友和家人的爱与支持帮助我们度过最艰难的时刻。

_______________________________the love and support of our friends and family_______________________________.

2.当你们踏上新的旅程时，愿你们遇到无尽的机遇，勇敢抓住它们，始终追求个人的成长与成就。

As you embark on your new journey, may you encounter endless opportunities and have the courage to seize them, _______________________________.

3.当我们互相告别时，让我们带上那些已经注入我们内心的价值观和原则，知道它们将引导我们走向成功和成就。

As we bid farewell to each other, let us carry with us the values and principles_______________________________,knowing that they will guide us towards success and fulfillment.

四、写作实践

假定你是高三学生李华，在毕业典礼上，你将在即将毕业的高三同学们面前发表一次毕业演讲，请你就此写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：

1.回忆高中生活；

2.表达祝福。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用两个前文中解析过的句式和一种修辞。

Dear soon-to-be graduates,

______________________________________________

Thank you,and best wishes.