Unit 6 Disaster and hope

2024-03-03

时代英语·高一 2024年1期

关键词：海啸连贯状语

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

單词拼写根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。

1.Some natural d_______ such as flood and sandstorm are more frequent because of human activities.

2.The volcano e_______ in 1980， destroying a large area of Washington state.

3.A good idea just o_______ to me at once.

4.Today’s a_______ of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.

5.Few people s_______ after that flood. It made their family sad.

6.The doctor introduced a _______ （管子） into the sick man’s wound.

7.Parents spend $220_______ （多） a year on toys for their children.

8.Firefighters took action_______ （立即） to stop the fire spreading.

9.It is possible to see the path of a _____ （飓风） in the video.

10.If you _____ （比较） Doug’s work with Tom’s， you will find many differences.

选择填空用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

pick up look through deal with react to in the face of

1.People speak highly of the boy’s bravery and calmness _______ such an emergency.

2.It didn’t take me long to _______my friend at the airport the other day.

3.Peter starts_______ the mail secretly as soon as the door of the office shuts.

4.We must take positive steps to _______ the problem so as to avoid further troubles.

5.While most teachers would _______a child getting drunk quickly， they may ignore teenagers’ unimpressive action.

课文语法填空

Today， the temperature in London is expected 1 （reach） 30 plus degrees！ Sure enough， 2 （go） down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting. This， however， is nothing 3 （compare） to the train. I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！

Each summer in London definitely seems 4 （hot） than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared. Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future. My office is only on the 5 （three） floor of the building， so quite low. I’ll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor. Most 6 （important）， I will need to learn to swim！ Then I’ll be able to survive even when the tall buildings 7 （flood）.

Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked 8 photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. Now that 9 is hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...

Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face. Well， maybe I have been worrying too much. 10 all， it’s only 30 degrees outside！

1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______

6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______10. _______

阅读理解

A storm hit Houston， Texas， on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising floodwaters. By Tuesday night， some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck （困住的） on roads. Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four hours， more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the area’s main roadways. On Twitter， Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.

Tuesday’s rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost two years ago. Hurricane Harvey was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area， 36 people died and about 150，000 homes were flooded.

A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management said that this week’s rain “is not in any way a Harvey-level event”.

But the worst may not be over yet. People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday.

According to the National Weather Service， the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week. “Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall，” said Don Oettinger， a National Weather Service meteorologist （氣象学家）.

Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned， “As there is too much water on the ground and flash floods are likely to happen， we hope people are careful of what they’re doing and encourage them to stay home. There’s no sense in putting yourself， firefighters or anybody in danger needlessly.”

1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about？

A. Climate change in Houston. B. Flood prevention in Houston.

C. Heavy floods hitting Houston. D. People fighting floods in Houston.

2. What can we learn about Hurricane Harvey？

A. It caused no deaths or injuries. B. It did a lot of damage to Texas.

C. It was less serious than this week’s rain. D. It was the biggest hurricane on record.

3. What can we learn from the weather report of the National Weather Service？

A. Fine days are coming. B. Floods will continue.

C. A hurricane is unavoidable. D. It will rain a little non-stop.

4. What did Samuel advise local people to do？

A. Stay indoors. B. Join firefighters.

C. Give up needless things. D. Comfort those who lost homes.

阅读七选五

Floods can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood is a matter of preparation and correct action as soon as the disaster begins. 1

· Make a flood survival plan.

2 Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home， such as a friend’s home in a safe town or a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone in the family knows where these locations are and how to get there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground.

· 3

You may have only a short time to escape. Act quickly， using your planned route. Head to the chosen shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave， follow their advice. Move to higher ground away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to give up your car， higher ground is your best option. If you’re stuck at home， head for the roof if you can do so safely.

· Follow news and warnings.

Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather station’s TV channel or website. 4 Also， listen to local radio stations for regular updates.

· Watch out for damaged areas.

Roads and other paths may have been destroyed. 5 The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.

A. Stay off bridges.

B. Escape flood waters.

C. Protect your home during a flood.

D. Sit down with your family to establish a plan of action.

E. If your car gets stuck in water， open or break the windows.

F. Here are some tips to help you and your family survive a flood.

G. You should receive weather information to monitor changes in the weather.

1. _______ 2. _______ 3._______ 4. _______ 5._______

Section Ⅱ Using language

單句语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.They need a ______ （rely） method to control the bad situation.

2.We were happy to learn that all the tourists ______ （rescue） from the accident.

3.The tree over there is so tall that I suppose it ______ （measure） nearly twenty meters.

4.You should make a list first and then describe the event ______ （precise）.

5.The wound on the soldier’s leg is ______ （exceptional） severe and an immediate cure should be carried out.

6.I’ll take an express train to Deli for my holiday______（immediate） the school ends.

7.Older people should be forgiven for their difficulty in using electronic devices. ______ all， they can’t accept new things quickly.

8.It suddenly occurs______ me that I forgot to do my task given by the teacher.

完成句子根據汉语提示，结合本单元所学语法知识完成句子。

1. Some of you may have finished Unit One. ______ （如果是这样的话）， you can go on to Unit Two.

2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street， but his mother ______ （告诉他别这样做）.

3. ______ （如果她在这儿的话）， she would agree with us.

4. His opinion， whether ______（对或错）， will be considered.

5. You may ask him questions ______ （如果有问题）.

同义句转换用省略形式改写句子。

1. When I am in trouble， I always turn to her for help.

When ______， I always turn to her for help.

2. While we were there， we were thinking of you all the time.

______， we were thinking of you all the time.

3. He works very hard though he is still weak.

______， he works very hard.

4. When it is necessary， you can help us to do something.

______， you can help us to do something.

5. Some books are to be tasted， while others are to be understood.

Some books are to be tasted， while ______.

完形填空

The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group 1 volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that storm alone， they 2 more than 10，000 people from flooded homes and rooftops！ Since then， they have saved more 3 around the US！ The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst 4 that hit the US， such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.

Using their 5 ， they always go into places where people and animals are troubled by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are in 6 and then they 7 them to safety. How strong and 8 they are in struggling with floodwaters！

Many of the volunteers are fishermen and 9 boat pilots. They， who come from the southeast United States， are expert in 10 through a series of swamps （沼泽） and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around 11 floodwaters.

A reporter 12 his feelings and meanwhile 13 them after the Cajun Navy stepped into help during bad flooding in Louisiana. “The 14 were volunteers from the Cajun Navy， who had no degrees， no uniforms， no 15 medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a（n） 16 heart， not a directorial officer， that called them into 17 currents to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground，” he said.

The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action. They do also 18 others. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to 19 others. And they do not do it for money or attention， but 20 because they can help and they want to help.

1. A. continued B. started C. considered D. enjoyed

2. A. knew B. met C. rescued D. prevented

3. A. animals B. money C. food D. lives

4. A. raindrops B. windstorms C. sandstorms D. rainfalls

5. A. boats B. trucks C. bikes D. cars

6. A. danger B. place C. public D. order

7. A. put B. invite C. transport D. support

8. A. serious B. brave C. clever D. careful

9. A. honest B. tidy C. skilled D. young

10. A. sailing B. looking C. walking D. diving

11. A. peaceful B. mixed C. limited D. powerful

12. A. expressed B. controlled C. valued D. ignored

13. A. thanked B. praised C. remembered D. asked

14. A. passers-by B. farmers C. workers D. heroes

15. A. military B. real C. formal D. meaningful

16. A. healthy B. ordinary C. thoughtless D. selfless

17. A. warm B. weak C. risky D. cold

18. A. admire B. inspire C. challenge D. investigate

19. A. trouble B. greet C. help D. astonish

20. A. originally B. partly C. certainly D. simply

語法填空

Pompeii was a typical Roman city where people could see a model of the whole Roman empire （帝国）. It is believed that the city was founded in the 7th 1 6th century BC. Each day， the streets were filled 2 the sounds of busy shops and customers enjoying the city’s cafes. The rocks of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii warned people of the possible 3 （erupt）. One morning， a huge cloud in the form of a tree shot from the top of the volcano. The earth shook violently. Ashes and burning stones 4 （throw） out like a shower. A young man， watching from a distance， recorded how the thick dark cloud 5 （entire） spread everywhere. People ran away in all directions fearfully. Then 6 （come） the disaster. Many people were trapped by falling buildings. Seventeen centuries 7 （late）， Pompeii was rediscovered and the remains of the city were dug out. Many bodies have been found in the same positions 8 they fell. Its walls were fresh as if 9 （paint） yesterday and the columns （圆形石柱） seemed as if just left by the workers.

Today Pompeii has UNESCO World Heritage Site status and is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy， 10 （attract） millions of visitors each year.

1. ______2. ______ 3.______ 4. ______ 5. ______

6.______7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______

短文改错

Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. The air was hot， and all were quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew highly into the air， some fly out of the open window. As I ran out to catch it， big drops of rain began fall. When I returned back into the house， it was raining harder and harder. Then I hear a loud crashing sound from the back of the house. When I ran out to find out that had happened， a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the backroom.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

单词填空用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.The government made an ______ that all the details should ______ through the broadcast. （announce）

2.This kind of cloud is a result of a volcanic ______ which ______ on March 20， for the first time since 1821. （erupt）

3.The study ______ on people remembering what they had done over each ten years of their lives， so it’s not entirely______ . （rely）

4.They ______ so many times but all your ______ fall on deaf ears. （threat）

5.Jenny pronounced the word very slowly and______ ， and gave a ______ definition of the word. （precise）

6.She answered almost ______ . That is to say she gave an ______ response to this question. （immediate）

單句表达根据括号内提示翻译句子。

1. 学生应该总是提醒自己上课不要迟到。（remind sb to do sth）

2. 我们在一个安全的地方躲避暴风雨。（take shelter）

3. 我突然意识到，这些家伙已经在我前面了。（all of a sudden）

4. 如果有可能，提前告诉我们结果。（if的省略结构）

5. 被昆虫叮咬了，她涂了一些药在皮肤上。（过去分词作状语）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句，并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

occur threat in the face of deal with move to stay away from

It is important that... Here are some tips on...

阅读理解

On September 1， Hurricane Dorian hit the Bahamas. Many areas were left without power or water. As soon as the storm passed， a team of cooks and other volunteers sprang into action： They set up makeshift （临时替代的） kitchens. Leading the charge was José Andrés， who owns popular restaurants in the United States. He’s also the founder of World Central Kitchen （WCK）， which cooks meals for people affected by natural disasters and other emergencies. “We will make it to everyone who needs food，” Andrés said. At press time， WCK had served about 300，000 meals there.

WCK began its work in 2016， when Hurricane Matthew hit Haiti. It left many people without food. Usually， after an emergency， governments give out prepackaged meals， but some of the food isn’t very healthy. Andrés thought he could do better. The food served by WCK is fresh and healthy. When possible， it adds in local ingredients （原料）， which suit the tastes of the area.

WCK has about 25 staff members. But much of its work is done by volunteers. Twenty thousand volunteers served almost 4 million meals after Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico， in 2017. Andrés said a 10-year-old girl there named Lola ran a whole part of the kitchen on her own， and he thought she was a heroine.

In Haiti， it’s common for school meals to be cooked indoors over open fires. This can be dangerous. WCK wants to help. The group has built or repaired more than 140 schools in Haiti. In many of them， it has fitted gas stoves （煤氣灶） and water lines. Together， this has made schools cleaner and safer for more than 65，000 people.

1. Why did Andrés start WCK？

A. To comfort the injured people. B. To rebuild popular restaurants.

C. To provide meals for those in need. D. To teach people how to survive a natural disaster.

2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about WCK？

A. What it is. B. How it started.

C. What its food is like. D. Where its food is from.

3. What can be learned about WCK？

A. It prefers children volunteers. B. It brings cooks a good return.

C. It has good Spanish-style cooks. D. It depends greatly on voluntary helpers.

4. What does WCK bring to Haiti？

A. Clean and safe cooking. B. Prepackaged meals.

C. Highly-competitive schools. D. Professional and easy-going cooks.

Rising temperatures driven by the climate crisis are cutting the sleep of people across the world， the largest study to date has found.

The researchers used data from sleep-tracking wristbands （手环） used by 47，000 people over 7 months and across 68 countries. The study showed that due to increasing night-time temperatures， the average global citizen is losing 44 hours of sleep a year.

However， lost sleep affects some groups much more than others. The sleep loss per degree of warming is about a quarter higher for women than men， twice as high for those over 65 years old and three times higher for those in less affluent nations， where people have less access to cooling features.

Previous studies have shown that rising temperatures damage health， including increasing heart attacks， mental health crises， and accidents and injuries. Poor sleep has also been shown to have these effects， and the researchers say their new study suggests that disturbed （干扰） sleep may be a key mechanism by which heat causes these health impacts. The researchers say their data shows no signs of people being able to adapt to hotter nights.

“In this study， we provide the first planetary-scale evidence that warmer than average temperatures cut human sleep，” said Kelton Minor， who led the research. “It’s very likely the effect is more serious.” Minor added that the research had important implications for policymakers， who need to ensure cities， towns and buildings are well adapted to heat in order to reduce the health impacts.

The data used in the study came mainly from richer nations. The wristbands also tended to be worn by people less prone （有……的傾向） to sleep disturbance by warmer temperatures. “Lower-income people are underrepresented in the data and we’re well aware of that，” said Minor. He said more research was needed， particularly in places that are already among the hottest in the world.

5. What can we learn about the study in Paragraph 2？

A. It involved more men. B. It collected data about people’s sleep.

C. It lasted nearly half a year. D. It aimed to find solutions to climate change.

6. What does the underlined word “affluent” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

A. Thickly populated. B. Badly polluted. C. Wealthy. D. Equal.

7. What can be learned from Kelton Minor’s words in Paragraph 5？

A. The study adopted a new research method. B. Policymakers have doubts about the study.

C. Heat’s impacts may be worse than thought. D. Some cities have taken action to fight the heat.

8. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the study？

A. Its findings. B. Its limitations. C. Its applications. D. Its significance.

完形填空

After the quake hit northeast Japan on March 11， many moving stories that I saw with my own eyes happened around me.

I had to walk home since all the 1 had stopped after the earthquake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery who was giving out free bread， which made my heart 3 . A man was holding a 4 that said， “Please use our toilet.” He was opening his house for people to go to the 5 .

My friend wanted to 6 others. He stood in the cold with a sign， “If you’re okay with a motorcycle， I will 7 you to your house.” And then I saw him take one gentleman home， all the way to a faraway place！

Then next day I drove to 8 my car with gas. There is a lack of 9 now and many gasoline stations are either 10 or have very long lines. I got 11 ， since I was behind 15 cars. 12 ， when it was my turn， the man 13 and said， “Because of this 14 ， we are only giving $30 worth of gas per person. Is that all right？” “Of course. I’m just glad that we are all able to 15 ，” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort.

I saw a man at the evacuation （疏散） center 16 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food was brought to their 17 . However， after he wiped the tears， his next words surprised me. “I am very 18 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t 19 any food at all. Please go to that center as well.” And when hearing that， I 20 there is a bright future on the other side of this disaster. People helped each other.

1. A. rescue B. service C. traffic D. business

2. A. missed B. caught C. noticed D. heard

3. A. strong B. soft C. broken D. warm

4. A. sign B. candle C. picture D. camera

5. A. hotel B. restroom C. hospital D. movie

6. A. encourage B. change C. save D. help

7. A. drive B. follow C. lead D. join

8. A. start B. fill C. check D. wash

9. A. food B. gas C. water D. salt

10. A. tiny B. crowded C. closed D. empty

11. A. worried B. late C. sad D. angry

12. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Actually D. Simply

13. A. announced B. smiled C. continued D. left

14. A. progress B. behavior C. situation D. experience

15. A. share B. offer C. adapt D. choose

16. A. singing B. eating C. hesitating D. crying

17. A. center B. office C. house D. city

18. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud

19. A. bought B. searched C. prepared D. received

20. A. realized B. hoped C. confirmed D. explained

Writing

話题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：自然灾害避灾指南。要求运用本单元的核心知识描述自然灾害，并针对该自然灾害提出可行的避灾建议。

建议体裁：应用文、说明文。

注意事项：要用简洁、凝练的语言提出建议。另见下表：

题例导学

题目

假如你是高一学生李华，你们学校英文报将在“世界灾难日”举办主题为“如何在海啸中保护自己”的征文比赛，请你写一封建议信参赛。内容包括：

1. 写信目的；

2. 你对海啸的了解；

3. 逃生建议；

4. 祝福。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

思路引导1·要点分析

1. 写作目的：了解海啸，知道如何保护自己；

2. 对海啸的了解：形成原因及其表现等；

3. 建议：提前预警、跑向高处等；

4. 祝福：保护自己，远离危险。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 我写信是想讲述一些关于海啸的事情，并就海啸发生时如何保护自己提出一些建议。（when引导的时间状语从句）

2. 海啸通常是由发生在海洋中的强烈地震引起的。（that引导的定语从句）

3. 了解预警系统是至关重要的，这样我们才能做好准备。（be aware of）

4. 我们必须尽快向高处跑去，否则就有危险。（otherwise引导的虚拟条件句）

5. 我希望所有人都能保护好自己，远离危险，过上幸福的生活。（protect... from...）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

Dear readers，

I’m writing to say something about tsunamis and give some advice on how to protect us when tsunamis break out. Tsunamis are usually caused by strong earthquakes that happen in oceans. Great sea waves will be pushed towards shores with great speed. Here are some suggestions.

First， when we are near the shore， it’s important to be aware of the warning system so that we can be prepared. Second， we must run towards high land， otherwise we’d be in danger. Holding to branches， we can also save our lives. I hope all of us can protect ourselves from dangers and live a happy life.

Yours，

Li Hua

话题表达

请你根据已知的防洪抗灾知识，以“Flood Safety Guidelines”为题，写一篇短文。内容包括：

1. 洪水的危害和防洪的重要性；

2. 洪水到来之前应该做哪些准备；

3. 发生洪水时应做些什么以及不能做什么。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：急救箱 first aid kit

Flood Safety Guidelines