主题一 历史与传统

本刊试题研究中心

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Born in 1902， Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman （ 绘图员） whobrought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new mapof the London Underground.

Before Beck's design， early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accuratescale （比例）. Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the citystreets. These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centreof London， but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly undercentral London.

In the 1930s， Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracyinto account. He created a map that was a scaled‑down linear diagram of the subwaylines. More a basic outline of the lines than a true‑to‑life map， it didnt tell travelers abouthow far it actually was between two points. Becks map had a clean structure with colouredlines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one stationto another.

It's not clear what inspired him to start the project; he wasnt asked to do it， but likelydeveloped his design in his free time， while between jobs. It was more a presentation of hisbeing creative， in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it， than a response topublic demand.

His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board， whose membersrefused to accept it， feeling that not showing relative distances between stations wassilly and unreasonable. Still， after a time， in order to increase subway ridership and thereforeearn more money， the Board decided to print a limited number of copies. Gradually，Beck's map became a huge success.

For most of his life， Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram， but he kept its basic designs and ideas. His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has beengenerally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London butalso around the world.

1. What is the disadvantage of early subway maps？

A. They were not drawn to scale.

B. They were hard to draw.

C. They were not user?friendly.

D. They were seldom updated.

2. Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on？

A. Its simplicity. B. Its vivid details.

C. Its completeness. D. Its geographical accuracy.

3. What do we know about Becks map from paragraphs 4 and 5？

A. It was created accidentally.

B. It was an immediate success.

C. It was a reflection of his creativity.

D. It was designed to meet public needs.

4. How did Beck contribute to the world？

A. He changed the construction of subways.

B. He inspired designers to improve the subway.

C. He made the first scaled?down linear map.

D. He provided a model for the design of subway maps.

Ⅱ. 补全信息

Celebrate！

Piñatas

In Mexico， children often get piñatas on their birthdays. Their parents put chocolatesand other sweets inside the piñata and hang it on a tree. Then the children hit the piñatawith a stick.

Noodles

In China， people often celebrate birthdays by eating with family or friends， and thelast dish of the meal is always noodles. The noodles are long and thin. 2 You can not cut them. In Chinese culture， long noodles mean you will have a long life.

Business birthdays

A business birthday shows that a company is successful. Many businesses in the USAcelebrate important birthdays， like 10， 50 or 150 years. 3 Sometimes they makeTV advertisements. It is a good chance to advertise the business.

Name days

As well as a birthday， many people in Southern Europe also celebrate their name days.4 People have big parties and open their houses to anybody who wants to come.People bring small gifts， often flowers or a box of sweets.

Islamic New Year

In some countries across the world， people celebrate Eid. Eid means festival or celebration.During Eid， people visit family and friends， as well as people who are sick or inhospital. 5 Children receive toys， too. Children often wear special traditionalclothes during the Eid celebrations.

A. You have to eat them in one piece.

B. They go out for a meal to celebrate.

C. Companies hold parties and send cards.

D. They give presents， such as sweets and food.

E. It breaks and the sweets fall out on to the ground.

F. This is one of the two important festivals in this country.

G. In Greece， name days are more important than birthdays.

Ⅲ. 完形填空

Black people left the South for multiple reasons， including severe Jim Crow laws thatdenied black people their civil rights and economic conditions that made advancement nextto impossible. They saw 1 for them to get in northern cities， where workers wereneeded during labor shortages 2 by World War Ⅰ. Between 1915 and about1960， northern industrial cities 3 five million black people， becoming majorityblack.

Many went to the northern city of Harlem—a New York neighborhood that had oncebeen a rural 4 white area. During a real estate crash at the turn of the 20th centu‑ry， the 5 of property became more willing to rent to black renters. Property valuesthen 6 as white residents attempted to offload their real estate and move away.7 ， the area became majority black， and Harlem turned into an attraction for migrants8 economic chance with a rich cultural and social life.

These 9 werent just from the American South： A group of people came fromCaribbean countries like Jamaica， Antigua， and Trinidad， 10 economic downturnsbecause of the decline of sugar prices throughout the West Indies.

That cultural 11 stimulated new types of expression and thought. Promotedby black churches and businesses， Harlem was 12 with life. There， a poor blackworker could brush 13 with the educated while the wealthy black residents couldtake part in entertainment by black people. The Jamaica‑born black， Marcus Garvey， even14 the Universal Negro Improvement Association to 15 racial prideand economic independence.

1. A. guilt B. ability C. electricity D. opportunity

2. A. caused B. stopped C. changed D. improved

3. A. adjusted B. absorbed C. abandoned D. advertised

4. A. empty B. hungry C. wealthy D. temporary

5. A. owners B. creators C. donators D. consumers

6. A. dropped B. recovered C. doubled D. exploded

7. A. Enormously B. Eventually C. Especially D. Exceptionally

8. A. in charge of B. in case of C. in advance of D. in search of

9. A. travelers B. defenders C. entertainers D. newcomers

10. A. researching B. observing C. escaping D. exploring

11. A. mixture B. future C. adventure D. departure

12. A. bored B. filled C. loaded D. decorated

13. A. arms B. faces C. hands D. shoulders

14. A. accused B. founded C. discovered D. certificated

15. A. judge B. control C. support D. forgive

Ⅳ. 語法填空

Undoubtedly， Britain is a nation of hat wearers. From taking off hats 1.launching mortar boards （学位帽） in the air， hats have long been associated with ceremo‑nies and practices. Even the history of the country can 2. （tell） through hats.

Dating back to medieval England， the flat cap 3. （become） a symbol ofworking‑class culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Edwardian era was 4.golden age of hats， when the decorations of hats became even more delicate， ranging fromflowers， birds to fruits. The pork pie hat， 5. started in the mid‑19th century， wasthe choice for many well‑dressed Victorian citizens. Decades later， it 6. （gradual）became a key feature of London street style. But by the 1960s， hats faded out of peoplessight because of the rise of private 7. （car）. It was the Royal Wedding held in2011 8. contributed to the return of hat wearing. For example， Hat WorksMuseum—the only museum in Stockport featured in hats and hat making—is 9.（popular） than ever， with a great increase among its visitors.

What marks Britain out on the world stage is the large number of hats of differentshapes and colors. The 10. （various） of hats in Britain reflects its multiculturalbackground and rich cultural heritage.

Ⅴ. 書面表达

假定你是李华，你所在的学校将在本周末举办”英国文化展”。请你根据以下要点给英国朋友Peterson写一封信，邀请他前来给你们做一次讲座。

1. 讲座的目的及内容；

2. 讲座的时间及地点。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Peterson，

Our school is planning to hold a culture show of the UK this weekend.__________________

Yours，

Li Hua

Ⅵ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Scout could clearly remember the night she had to leave her home in Poland. It wasthe beginning of World War Ⅱ and her family had to escape as soon as possible. She quicklypacked a suitcase with a few pieces of clothing， her diary， her most prized treasure， and asilk scarf. Scout and her best friend， Betty， had persuaded their parents to buy them matchingscarves， which they took as a symbol of their friendship. Scout didnt know she was goingto America and would not return.

Scout kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to hergranddaughter， Eliza， to wear for her first job interview for good luck. Scout was afraid thatEliza would lose the scarf， but her granddaughter promised，“Don't worry， Grandma. Nothingwill happen to your scarf. You'll see that its going to bring both of us luck.”And withthat， Eliza kissed her grandmother and left for the interview.

Leaving the interview， Eliza felt confident that she had got the job. So she decided tocelebrate it by going to a restaurant. Sitting at her table， Eliza felt an elderly woman staringat her for a long time.

“I'm sorry. Do I know you？”Eliza asked.

“I'm sorry， dear， but you remind me of my best friend，”the old woman replied.“Shelooked like you and used to wear a scarf just like yours.”Eliza listened carefully， with hereyes and mouth wide open. She had heard stories of her grandmother's best friend andknew the meaning of the scarf. Could this woman be Betty， her grandmother's childhoodfriend？

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1：

Then the old woman introduced herself，“My name is Betty.”

Paragraph 2：

The old woman agreed.