主题2：图画、图表类作文写作指南
2023-10-30张岚
张岚
命题导读
图画、图表类作文通常以图画、表格或图形的形式呈现，体裁多为说明文或议论文。此类题型要求考生根据图画和图表提供的信息、数据和文字内容进行描述、分析与讨论，得出令人信服的结论，或对某一结论进行评述。
图画、图表类作文常见的命题形式有图画、表格、条形图、饼状图、线形图。图画、图表中的信息和数据往往较多，写作时一般不能把各种信息和数据都列举出来。因此，读懂图画和图表是关键，考生要认真分析图画和图表的信息和数据。考生平常要多做练习，熟悉这类作文的写法，熟记常用词汇和句型。
写作导析
在平时的训练或考试中，图画、图表类作文出现的概率相对较小，所以考生不容易把握其写作技巧。图画、图表类作文不像提纲作文一样会给出写作要点，考生需要根据图画和图表内容来寻找信息，确定文章的写作思路。尽管图表作文与图画作文有很大的不同，但写作思路基本相同，可以归纳为以下三个方面：
1. 简要描述图画或图表的直观内容
写好图画、图表类作文的第一步是解读图画内容或分析图表中的数据变化所反映出来的问题或趋势，把直观看到的图画或图表的内容简单地描述出来，简要叙述图画的内容或图表所揭示的信息。这一部分简要概述即可，不需要展开。
2. 分析图画或数据并阐述原因
分析图画或数据变化的原因，并阐明理由，注意应使内容要点条理化、有序化。
3. 提出解决问题的建议或揭示图画的寓意，得出结论
和提纲作文一样，图画、图表类作文的最后也要总结全文的观点，根据图画或图表的内容给出相应的评价或者建议，这一点类似于社会问题型作文的结尾。
素材导背
一、高频词汇
1. 上升：rise、increase、go up
2. 下降：fall、drop、decrease、decline、reduce、lessen
3. 平稳：stable、steady、remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
4. 占：occupy、take up、account for
5. 而：while、however、whereas、on the other hand
6. 相比：by contract、on the contrary、likewise、be compared with
7. 总结：to sum up、in short、in conclusion
二、高频句式
（一）说明图中的内容
1.Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshowsthat...这个表格/图表/示意图/曲线图表明……
2. According to the table/chart/diagram/graph... 根据表格/图表/示意图/曲线图……
3.Asisshowninthetable/chart/diagram/graph...如表格/图表/示意图/曲线图所示……
4. As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures... 从表格/图表/示意图/曲线图/数字中可以看出……
5. It can be seen that... 可以看出……
6. It is clear from the figures/statistics that... 从数字/统计数据可以清楚地看出……
7. It is apparent from the figures/statistics/table/chart/diagram/graph that... 从这些数字/统计数据/表格/图表/示意图/曲线图中可以明显看出……
8. In recent years， there has been rapid growth/development in the area of... 近年来，……区域有了很大的发展。
9. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of...in recent years. 近年來，……的数量呈上升趋势。
10. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above， we can observe that... 正如上面所给出的漫画生动描绘的那样，我们可以观察到……
11. It is obvious that the picture wants to draw our attention towards... 很明显，这幅画想引起我们对……的关注。
12. As can be seen in the picture， .../As is shown in the picture， .../As is seen in the picture， ... 如图所示，……
13. The picture describes an interesting phenomenon that... 这幅画描述了一个有趣的现象……
（二）发表观点或评价
1. Nowadays， more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of... 如今，越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
2. The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously. 图片的寓意应深思。
3. There are many reasons for the great changes. 造成這种巨变的原因很多。
4. There may be three factors which contribute to the... First of all， ... And then the sec⁃ond reason is that... The last reason， I think， is that... 可能有三个因素导致了…… 首先，……然后，第二个原因是……最后一个原因，我认为是……
5. In my opinion， we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problems shown in the picture. 在我看来，我们应该采取以下一些措施来处理图片中呈现的问题。
6. The moral of this story is very simple. 这个故事的寓意是十分简单的。
7. Taking into account all these factors， we may safely arrive at the conclusion that...综合所有因素，我们可以得出结论……
8. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of... 是我们结束……趋势的时候了。
9. There are several reasons for...， but in general， they come down to three major ones.有几个原因，但总的来说，主要归结为三个。
10. Different people have different views on... 不同的人对……有不同的看法。
11. Contrary to the popular thought， I prefer... 与主流思想相反，我更喜欢……
12. As far as I am concerned， ... 就我而言，……
（三）常用总结句型
1. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据/统计数据/数字可以让我们得出……的结论。
2. As can be seen from the diagram， great changes have taken place in... 从示意图中可以看出，……发生了巨大的变化。
3. From that year on， there was a gradual decline/reduction in... 从当年起，在……方面有一个平稳的下降/减少。
4. From all above， we can reach the conclusion that... 根据上述内容，我们可以得出结论……
5. Only in these ways can we solve the problem of... 只有这样，我们才能解决……的问题。
6. From what has been discussed above， we can draw the conclusion that... 通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论……
三、写作模板
写作模板1
As is shown in the bar graph given above， ..（. 现象概括）To be specific， ..（. 现象的具体描述）Besides， ..（. 现象的进一步描述）
In general， there are several factors accounting for such a trend/phenomenon（. 概述原因）Firstly， ..（. 原因1）Secondly， ..（. 原因2）Last but not least， ..（. 原因3）
Based on what has been mentioned above， we may come to the conclusion that..（. 总结上文，结束全文）
写作模板2
It seems to me that the drawing is sending a message about （图画内容），which reveals （稍作评价）.
In my of view， . Apparently， （. 将个人观点和图片内容相结合，得出观点）On the one hand， .（从一个角度论证）On the other hand，（. 从另一个角度说明）
Simple as the image seems to be， the intended meaning goes far deeper. The illustra⁃tion is urging us to （建议或措施）. Only in this way， can we （展望结果）.
写作模板3
What an interesting picture！ As is shown in the picture， （描述图中信息）. Besides， （重复描述图中信息）
To my understanding， the picture intends to tell us the importance of （图片反映的核心问题）. （. 对核心问题的简洁阐释）
As a student， I think we should __________.（发出倡议）Only in this way can we（. 期望达成的美好愿望）
四、句式升级示例
1. 同位语的使用
China has abundant water resources.
→China， a country with a great number of rivers， has abundant water resources.
The table reflects the rapid development of urbanization and migration of rural popula⁃tion.
→The table reflects a prevailing trend， the rapid development of urbanization and mi⁃gration of rural population.
Mobile payment has transformed the way of our life.
→Mobile payment， a product of the digital age， has transformed the way of our life.
2. 分词结构作状语的使用
More and more graduates choose to start the business of their own.
→Supported by the government， a growing/an increasing number of graduates choose to start the business of their own.
The number of the students doing part⁃time jobs has greatly increased. It has reached one million this year.
→The number of the students doing part⁃time jobs has greatly increased， reaching one million this year.
3. 分词作后置定语的使用
Fewer students have chosen to study abroad in recent years.
→The number of the students studying abroad has been on the decrease in recent years.
真题导读
（2022·全国乙卷）学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 学习活动状况描述；
2. 简单评论；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
【参考范文】
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays， with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers， an increasingnumber of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that students who choose to listen to English songs and watchEnglish movies respectively account for 65% and 50%. However， those choosing to readEnglish books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as Im concerned， it is a disturbing trend. For students， what benefits most totheir study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self⁃discipline， theyre moreeasily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It's urgent for students themselves toimprove their self⁃discipline， and its also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen theguidance.
本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文给学校英文报投稿。
一、词汇积累
选择：choose → select
提高：improve → strengthen
各種各样的：various → diverse
就我而言：as far as Im concerned → from my perspective
二、句式升级
简单句变复合句：
Nowadays， with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers， an increasingnumber of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
→Nowadays， because smartphones and computers are becoming more and more popu⁃lar， an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroomin various ways.
使用It can easily be seen that...句型：
It can easily be seen that students who choose to listen to English songs and watchEnglish movies respectively account for 65% and 50%.
使用it作形式主語，代替动词不定式：
It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self⁃discipline.
模拟导练
Test 1
下图反映的是你校2019年与2022年学生健康状况调查的部分数据，请你用英语为校英文报写一份报告，反映你校学生三年间健康状况的变化情况，分析其中的原因，并提出一些改进措施。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 首句已为你写好。
A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going frombad to worse in the past three years._______________________
Test 2
最近你班在英语课堂上就“是否愿意在校上晚自习”进行了讨论，结果如下。请根据下表写一篇英语短文，给Crazy English 投稿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 首句已为你写好。
Recently there was a heated discussion in my class._________________
Test 3
近期，我校学生会对高中生在家做家务的情况做了一个调查，调查结果如下。请简要描述调查结果，并谈谈你对高中生是否应该做家务这个问题的看法。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently， the Students Union of our school did a survey on the situation of high school students doing housework at home.____________________
Test 4
你校在本学期开展了社会实践活动，为使同学们更好地了解写好汉字的重要性并鼓励学生写好汉字，学校对某校100名学生进行了抽样调查。请你根据下图反映的情况，写一篇调查报告。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Test 5
请根据右图，按要求写一篇80词左右的文章。
写作要求：
1. 描述画面；
2. 概述其含义；
3. 谈谈个人感想。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________
