加强数字经济和绿色经济合作

文/吴迪（Mohammad Saiyedul Islam） 莫辛（AKM Mohsin） 译/张佳艺

中国于2013年发起“一带一路”倡议，旨在促进亚欧非等世界各国之间经济合作与互联互通。今年是“一带一路”倡议提出10周年，随着“一带一路”倡议的不断发展，中国意识到加强数字经济和绿色经济合作的重要意义，并将其作为发展的关键支柱。“一带一路”倡议促进了共建国家在技术、创新、可再生能源和环境保护领域的合作，促进可持续发展和应对数字革命挑战。

数字经济专注于利用互联网、人工智能、大数据和其他技术创新的潜力，革新传统产业，创造全新机遇。数字经济已成为全球经济增长的驱动力。根据验证市场研究公司发布的一份新报告，预计从2023年到2030年，全球数字转换市场将以复合年均增长率（CAGR）17.20%的速度增长，到2023年底，市场价值将达到14668.9亿美元。

绿色经济强调可持续实践、再生能源和环境保护，以满足全球可持续发展的迫切需要。根据绿色金融与发展中心（GFDC）的报告，截至2023年6月，“一带一路”共建国家在太阳能、风能和水电等可再生能源项目中投入了86.1亿美元，中国的海外能源投入占其中的56%，为清洁能源产能的显著增长作出了贡献。

国际可再生能源机构（IRENA）的一份报告显示，可再生能源领域经历了巨大的发展变化，吸引了全球对可再生能源的投资，2022年投资额达到了0.5万亿美元，创造了新的纪录。例如，“一带一路”倡议的旗舰项目“中巴经济走廊”就优先建设了可再生能源基础设施。最新数据显示，“中巴经济走廊”为巴基斯坦国家电网增加了超过5500兆瓦的清洁能源，包括风能和太阳能。这些投资不仅有助于满足巴基斯坦的能源需求，还减少了碳排放，促进了可持续发展。

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI),launched by China in 2013,has aimed at promoting economic cooperation and connectivity among countries across Asia,Europe,and Africa etc.This year marks the 10th anniversary of the BRI.As the BRI continues to evolve,China has recognized the significance of strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy as critical pillars of its development.The BRI has promoted collaboration among participating countries in technology,innovation,renewable energy,and environmental conservation and fostered sustainable growth and addressed the challenges of the digital revolution.

The digital economy focuses on harnessing the potential of the internet,artificial intelligence,big data,and other technological innovations to revolutionize traditional industries and create new opportunities.The digital economy has become a driving force behind global economic growth.According to a new report published by Verified Market Research®,the Global Digital Transformation Market is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.20% from 2023 to 2030,and the market value reach USD 1,466.89 Billion by the end of 2023.

The green economy emphasizes sustainable practices,renewable energy adoption,and environmental protection to address the urgent need for global sustainability.According to the report from the Green Finance and Development Centre (GFDC),China’s overseas energy engagement was 56% of $8.61 billion in the energy sector in BRI countries as of June 2023 went into renewable energy such as solar,wind,and hydropower project,and contributing to a significant increase in clean energy capacity.

A report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) indicates that the renewable energy sector has witnessed tremendous growth,attracting global investment in renewable energy and reaching a record high of USD 0.5 trillion in 2022.For instance,the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC),a flagship project of the BRI,has prioritized the development of renewable energy infrastructure.Recent data shows that CPEC has added over 5,500 megawatts of clean energy to Pakistan’s national grid,including wind and solar power.These investments have helped meet Pakistan’s energy demands,reduced carbon emissions,and promoted sustainable development.

中哈风能项目合作带来巨大经济和环境效益

近年来，丝绸之路经济带已成为促进中国与亚洲各国经济合作和地区互联互通的重要平台。这种合作的显著特点之一是共同开发以风能为主的诸多可再生能源项目。

哈萨克斯坦拥有得天独厚的丰富风力资源，尤其是在其广袤的草原地区和丘陵地带，是一个极具吸引力的可再生能源投资地。哈萨克斯坦认识到利用风能的重要性，制定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源目标——到2030年从绿色能源中获取大部分能源需求。哈萨克斯坦已成为中国在丝绸之路经济带沿线开发清洁能源项目的战略合作伙伴，中哈两国在风能项目开发方面卓有成效的合作为该地区带来了可持续发展的未来。

作为世界上最大的能源消费国之一，中国一直在积极推行可持续发展战略，以应对气候变化并减少碳足迹。作为《巴黎协定》承诺的一部分，中国承诺力争2030年前碳排放达到峰值，努力争取2060年实现碳中和。为了兑现这些承诺，中国致力于扩大可再生能源产能，而风能在其中扮演着至关重要的角色。

通过“丝绸之路经济带”倡议，中国和哈萨克斯坦在风能项目方面的合作得到加强。在此框架下，两国在基础设施建设、贸易和技术转让等多个领域开展了合作。中哈两国在风能项目方面的共同努力取得了显著成效，进一步巩固了双边关系。

在中国提出的“一带一路”倡议和哈萨克斯坦“光明道路”新经济政策的框架下，中国企业开始在哈萨克斯坦的风电开发项目上展开合作。中国企业提供资金支持和技术援助，在哈萨克斯坦风能资源丰富的地区建设多个风力发电场。中国在风力涡轮机制造和安装方面的专业知识，加之哈萨克斯坦的土地和风力资源，为两国创造了双赢局面。这些合作的另一个方面是建设跨境能源传输管道，使哈萨克斯坦的剩余能源能够出口到中国。

The China-Kazakhstan wind energy cooperation has generated significant economic environmental benefits

In recent years,the Silk Road Economic Belt has emerged as a significant platform for promoting economic collaboration and regional connectivity between China and countries in Asia.One notable aspect of this cooperation is the joint efforts in developing renewable energy projects,particularly wind energy.

Kazakhstan has abundant wind resources,especially in its vast steppe and hilly regions,and is an attractive destination for renewable energy investments.Recognizing the significance of harnessing wind power,Kazakhstan has set ambitious renewable energy targets,aiming to derive a substantial portion of its energy needs from green sources by 2030.Kazakhstan has become a strategic partner for China in its pursuit of clean energy initiatives along the Silk Road.The fruitful cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in developing wind energy projects has brought a sustainable future in this region.

China,one of the world’s largest energy consumers,has been actively pursuing sustainable development strategies to combat climate change and reduce its carbon footprint.As part of its commitment to the Paris Agreement,China has pledged to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.China is keen on expanding its renewable energy capacity to fulfill these commitments,with wind energy playing a crucial role in this endeavor.

The Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative has fostered cooperation between China and Kazakhstan in wind energ y projects.Under th is f ramework,the t wo nations have collaborated on various fronts,including infrastructure development,trade,and technology transfer.Joint efforts in wind energy projects have gained significant momentum,further cementing their bilateral ties.

2022年6月26日，中国企业承建的孟加拉国帕德玛大桥举行开通仪式（图片来源：新华社）

Under the framework of the China-proposed BRI and Kazakhstan’s Bright Path new economic policy,Chinese companies started cooperating on wind power development projects in Kazakhstan.Those projects involve the construction of multiple wind farms across Kazakhstan’s wind-rich regions,with substantial financial and technical assistance from Chinese companies.Chinese expertise in wind turbine manufacturing and installation,coupled with Kazakhstan’s land and wind resources,has created a win-win situation for both countries.Another aspect of this collaboration is the construction of cross-border power transmission lines,enabling the export of surplus energy from Kazakhstan to China.

中哈风能合作为两国带来巨大的经济和环境效益。对哈萨克斯坦而言，风能投资为经济增长、创造就业机会和外国直接投资带来新的机遇。此外，转向可再生能源也有助于减少该国对化石燃料的依赖，提高能源安全。根据中国日报发布的官方数据，到2022年年底，哈萨克斯坦在中国援助下可再生能源项目总装机容量将超过1000兆瓦。

对中国而言，通过从哈萨克斯坦进口清洁能源，可以取代部分化石燃料，减少温室气体排放，有助于加快向绿色能源转型，符合本国碳减排目标。

中国和哈萨克斯坦在丝绸之路经济带沿线风能项目上的合作展示了区域合作在促进可持续发展方面的潜力。通过将中国的技术专长与哈萨克斯坦的风能资源相结合，两国在可再生能源方面取得了实质性进展。随着这一伙伴关系不断深化，它为更广泛的地区树立了积极的榜样，强调了跨境合作在应对气候变化和建设更加绿色的未来方面的重要性。

The China-Kazakhstan wind energy cooperation has generated significant economic and environmental benefits for both nations.For Kazakhstan,the investment in wind energy has opened up new opportunities for economic growth,job creation,and foreign direct investment.Moreover,the shift towards renewable energy sources reduces the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and enhances energy security.According to official data fromChina Daily,the total installed capacity of renewable energy projects in Kazakhstan with Chinese assistance would have surpassed 1,000 megawatts by the end of 2022.

By importing clean energy from Kazakhstan,China can replace part of fossil fuels,reducing greenhouse gas emissions,helping accelerate its transition to green energy and aligning with its carbon reduction targets.

The collaboration between China and Kazakhstan in wind energy projects along the Silk Road Economic Belt showcases the potential of regional cooperation in promoting sustainable development.By combining China’s technological expertise with Kazakhstan’s wind resources,both countries have made substantial progress in their renewable energy aspirations.As this partnership deepens,it sets a positive example for the broader region,emphasizing the importance of cross-border collaboration in combating climate change and building a greener future.

中新互联互通项目推动数字创新和绿色发展

中国—新加坡数字经济和绿色经济领域的互联互通项目在加强两国合作方面也取得了可喜成果。随着技术的不断进步和环境挑战的日益紧迫，这种伙伴关系将在推动可持续经济增长和创新方面发挥重要作用。通过发挥彼此的优势，中国和新加坡正在为营造更加互联互通、数字化和可持续发展的未来铺平道路。随着全球努力应对数字时代和可持续发展的挑战，国际合作变得至关重要。中新互联互通项目是希望的灯塔，是数字创新和绿色倡议领域成功合作的典范。

中新互联互通项目的核心是数字互联互通倡议，旨在连接市场、产业和人员，促进经济增长，为企业提供新的全球发展途径。自2015年启动以来，“中新（重庆）战略性互联互通示范项目”促进了中国和新加坡科技公司之间的合作，推动了跨境投资，促进了技术专长、金融服务、航空运输等方面的交流。截至2021年，中新两国共签署商业合作项目162个，金额250亿美元，协议融资项目208个，金额232亿美元。这彰显了两国之间日益紧密的经济联系，以及中新互联互通项目对贸易便利化的积极影响。

The China-Singapore Interconnection Project promotes digital innovation and green development

The China-Singapore Interconnection Projects in the digital and green economy sectors have yielded promising results in strengthening cooperation between the two nations.As technology advances and environmental challenges become more pressing,this partnership will play a vital role in driving sustainable economic growth and innovation.By leveraging each other’s strengths,China and Singapore are paving the way for a more interconnected,digitalized,and environmentally sustainable future.International cooperation has become paramount as the world grapples with the challenges of the digital age and sustainability.The China-Singapore Interconnection Projects stand out as a beacon of hope,exemplifying successful collaboration in digital innovation and green initiatives.

At the heart of the China-Singapore Interconnection Projects lies the Digital Connectivity Initiative.It aims to connect markets,industries,and people to boost economic growth and provide new avenues for businesses to expand globally.Since its launched in 2015,the China (Chongqing)-Singapore Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity has facilitated increased collaboration between Chinese and Singaporean tech companies,driving cross-border investments and fostering the exchange of technological expertise,financial services,air transportation,logistics,and information communication.As of 2021,China and Singapore had inked a total of 162 commercial cooperation projects with an amount of 25 billion U.S.dollars and 208 financing projects worth 23.2 billion U.S.dollars.This highlights the growing economic ties between the two nations and the positive impact of the China-Singapore Interconnection Projects on trade facilitation.

中国和新加坡致力于投资可再生能源项目、生态友好型交通网络、废物管理解决方案和绿色技术。《全球绿色金融发展报告》称，新加坡是2022年全球顶级绿色金融中心，彰显了该国对促进可持续投资的承诺。新加坡在可持续城市规划和环境管理方面拥有丰富的专业知识，可以与中国分享宝贵经验，以加速中国向更加可持续的经济转型。中国丰富的资源和专业知识也有助于新加坡成为一个更加环保和可持续发展的国家。亚洲开发银行的数据显示，近年来，中国在可再生能源领域的投资大幅增加。2022年，中国和新加坡公司的合资企业促进了太阳能和风能项目的发展，提高了可再生能源的产能。

中孟数字基础设施合作推动孟加拉国新兴技术发展

孟加拉国是一个充满活力的南亚国家。“一带一路”倡议提出以来，孟加拉国已成为其不可或缺的一部分。随着该国努力实现经济发展和可持续发展，认识到数字连接在推动经济进步和提高公民生活质量方面的变革力量，孟加拉国也接受了“一带一路”倡议加强数字经济和绿色经济合作的理念，踏上了弥合数字鸿沟、创建繁荣数字经济的宏伟征程。

通过“一带一路”倡议，孟加拉国迎来数字基础设施方面的大量投资。例如，通过“孟中印缅经济走廊”，孟加拉国努力发展跨境互联网连接、光纤网络和数据中心。这些基础设施的建设促进了更快、更可靠的通信技术的发展，实现了孟加拉国与其邻国之间的无缝数据交换和信息共享。此外，“一带一路”倡议还鼓励技术转让和知识共享举措，使孟加拉国能够采用和适应人工智能、物联网和区块链等新兴技术。

同时，孟加拉国极易受到气候变化的影响，因此促进绿色经济发展成为当务之急。“一带一路”倡议强调可持续发展，这与孟加拉国应对环境挑战、减少碳足迹的努力不谋而合。

“一带一路”倡议支持的重要项目之一是建设可再生能源基础设施。孟加拉国通过开发太阳能公园和屋顶太阳能装置，在利用太阳能方面取得了长足进步。这些举措不仅加强了该国的能源安全，还有助于减少温室气体排放，进一步履行其对《巴黎协定》目标的承诺。

China and Singapore are committed to investing in renewable energy projects,eco-friendly transportation networks,waste management solutions,and green technologies.The Global Green Finance Index reported Singapore as the top global green finance center in 2022,underscoring the nation’s commitment to promoting sustainable investments.With its expertise in sustainable urban planning and environmental management,Singapore shares valuable experience with China to accelerate its transition towards a more sustainable economy.China’s vast resources and expertise contribute to Singapore’s efforts to become a greener and more sustainable state.Data from the Asian Development Bank shows that China’s investments in renewable energy have increased significantly in recent years.In 2022,Joint ventures between Chinese and Singaporean companies have contributed to the development of solar and wind projects to increase in renewable energy capacity.

The China-Bangladesh digital infrastructure cooperation develops Bangladesh’s emerging technology

Bangladesh,a vibrant South Asian nation,has become integral to the BRI since its inception.As the country strives for economic development and sustainability and recognizes the transformative power of digital connectivity in driving economic progress and enhancing the quality of life for its citizens,it has embraced the BRI’s key focus of strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy.Bangladesh has embarked on an ambitious journey to bridge the digital divide and create a thriving digital economy.

Through the BRI,Bangladesh has witnessed significant investments in digital infrastructure.For instance,under the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM-EC),a critical component of the BRI,efforts have been made to develop cross-border internet connectivity,fiber-optic networks,and data centers.These infrastructure developments have facilitated faster and more reliable communication,enabling seamless data exchange and information-sharing between Bangladesh and its neighboring countries.Furthermore,the BRI has encouraged technology transfer and knowledge-sharing,enabling Bangladesh to adopt and adapt emerging technologies such as AI,IoT,and blockchain.

At the same time,Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change,making promoting a green economy a top priority.The BRI’s emphasis on sustainable development aligns with Bangladesh’s efforts to address environmental challenges and reduce its carbon footprint.

One of the significant projects supported by the BRI is the construction of renewable energy infrastructure.Bangladesh has made strides in harnessing solar power by developing solar parks and rooftop solar installations.These initiatives enhance the country’s energy security and contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions,furthering its commitment to the Paris Agreement goals.

“一带一路”倡议鼓励孟加拉国的基础设施项目采用绿色建筑。生态友好型和节能型建筑设计越来越普遍，减少了能源消耗，最大限度地降低了建筑活动对环境的影响。帕德玛大桥就是“一带一路”倡议促进孟加拉国实现数字和绿色经济目标的典型例子。作为该国历史上最大的基础设施项目之一，该大桥旨在改善帕德玛河两岸的连通和运输，加强区域贸易和连通性。此外，帕德玛大桥项目遵循严格的环保标准。设计采用了环保材料和建筑技术，最大限度地减少了对河流及其周边生态系统的生态影响。帕德玛大桥项目还对交通管理和收费系统进行智能技术集成。这些数字化解决方案也有助于减少交通拥堵和废气排放，促进环境的可持续发展。

尽管“一带一路”倡议中数字经济和绿色经济合作大有可为，但也面临诸多挑战。例如，确保跨境数字交易中的数据隐私和安全至关重要，不同国家之间的环境标准和法规较为复杂，需要强有力的协调与合作。

然而，机遇比比皆是。“一带一路”倡议的广阔辐射力提供了广泛的伙伴关系、知识交流和技术合作网络。随着共建国家不断汇集资源和专业知识，它们可以共同克服挑战，最大限度地发挥数字和绿色倡议的作用。

加强数字经济和绿色经济领域的合作是“一带一路”倡议的重点，既可以利用数字技术的变革力量，又符合可持续发展的需要。本着促进数字经济和绿色经济的发展原则，“一带一路”倡议力求创造一个更加互联互通、可持续和繁荣的世界。这些倡议的成功取决于共建国家的承诺与协作，它们将共同努力建设更加美好的未来。

The BRI has encouraged adopting green building practices in Bangladesh’s infrastructure projects.Ecofriendly and energy-efficient building designs have become more prevalent,reducing energy consumption and minimizing the environmental impact of construction activities.The Padma Bridge is a prime example of how the BRI has contributed to Bangladesh’s digital and green economy goals.As one of the most significant infrastructure projects in the country’s history,the bridge aims to improve connectivity and transportation across the Padma River,enhancing regional trade and connectivity.

Furthermore,the Padma Bridge project adheres to stringent environmental standards.The design incorporates eco-friendly materials and construction techniques to minimize ecological impacts on the river and its surrounding ecosystems.The Padma Bridge project integrates innovative technology for traffic management and toll collection systems.These digital solutions contribute to reducing traffic congestion and emissions,promoting environmental sustainability.

While the BRI’s focus on the digital and green economy is promising,it also faces many challenges.For example,ensuring data privacy and security in cross-border digital transactions is paramount.Harmonizing environmental standards and regulations among diverse countries can be complex,necessitating robust coordination and cooperation.

Opportunities,however,abound.The BRI’s vast reach offers an extensive network of partnerships,knowledge exchange,and technological collaborations.As participating countries pool their resources and expertise,they can collectively work towards overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of digital and green initiatives.

Strengthening cooperation in the digital and green economy is a pivotal focus of the BRI,aligning with the imperative for sustainable development and harnessing the transformative power of digital technologies.By promoting the growth of digital economy’s and green economy,the BRI seeks to create a more interconnected,sustainable,and prosperous world.The success of these initiatives hinges on the commitment and collaboration of participating countries as they collectively work towards building a better future.