抒情散文读写指南

徐奚潇

文體导读

抒情散文是重在表现作者感受、抒发作者情感的文章，它虽然也对具体事物进行记叙和描写，但通常没有贯穿全篇的情节，它或直抒胸臆、或触景生情、或托物言志。优秀的抒情散文选材广泛、立意独特、结构精巧、情感真挚、语言生动、意蕴丰富，常常运用象征和比拟的写作手法，将内在思想寓于外在形象之中，含蓄隐忍但仍不失情感张力。它虽然不似诗歌那样强调节奏和讲究韵律，但与诗歌类似，二者均洋溢着诗情画意和艺术感染力。

[抒情散文的语篇特征][文体风格][语篇结构][写作手法][形散神聚：选材自由，手法灵活，立意清晰][诗情画意：语言清新自然，优美雅致][真情实感：情感饱满，意蕴丰富，意境幽远][写景式：描摹景致，移步换景，产生联想，借景抒情][状物式：概述物体，总结物性，由物及入，托物言志][情索式：情感之缘起，情感之积蓄，情感之喷薄，情感之归结][描写：动静描写，虚实描写][抒情：直抒胸臆，寓情于景，托物言志，融情于事][记叙：辅助手段，推动情感]

策略导航

1. 对于抒情散文的分析与解读，不妨关注“词”和“句”两个方面。

品词：抒情散文因为篇幅较短，因此用词考究，词语含蓄、凝练，内涵丰富，可以从词中挖掘作者的思维链与情感线，此类关键词表现文章主旨，反映深层含义和具体语言环境，具有引申含义或者指代意义等。

品句：抒情散文不同句子间的连接在形式上看似松散，实则都服务于同一个立意和主题，此类关键句含有修辞手法，富有哲理性，具有表层和深层含义，与上下文的句子形成前后照应或对比等。

2. 抒情散文阅读需要遵循“LSEA原则”，此原则中L为Lead （行文线索），S为Structure （篇章结构），E为Emotion （情感色彩），A为Artistry （艺术技巧）。

素材导背

1. 描写事物

fragile 脆弱的；纤巧的

delicate 脆弱的；精细的

exquisite 精美的；雅致的

vulnerable 易受伤害的

flutter 振翅；鼓翼

snowy 雪白的

perfectly white 洁白无瑕的

ethereally beautiful 美得空灵

be drenched/soaked by the rain 被雨淋湿

be impeded in flight 无法飞行

2. 描写环境

drizzle 毛毛细雨

scattered showers 零星小雨

downpour 瓢泼大雨

rain dogs and cats 下倾盆大雨

scorching sun 炎阳

burning heat 灼人的热气

gentle breeze 微风

howling wind 呼啸的风

biting wind 刺骨的风

raging storm 狂风暴雨

changeable weather 多变的天气

3. 描写品质

staunch 坚定的

fearless 无畏的

tenacious 坚韧的；顽强的

unbeatable 无法战胜的

iron?willed 有钢铁般意志的

strong?willed 意志坚强的

against all odds 排除万难

with every ounce of strength 拼尽全力

with every fibre of ones being 竭尽所能

案例导练

Spring was very much in the air. In North China， however， the weather was agreeable but chilly. There was now a heart?warming spring wind， now a refreshing cold rain.

As I was walking on a meadow， I suddenly saw a snow?white butterfly lying on the tender green grass. It had been struck down by rain and was now unable to open out its tremulous wet wings. It was on the point of dying. Soft， slender and white like a snowflake， it looked so lovely and so pitiable.

Where was it from？ And where was it flying to？ I stared at it blankly， feeling like a drop of holy water had suddenly fallen into the depths of my soul and a ray of dazzling light， white and soft， had lit up my heart.

I bent down to gently pick it up with my fingers and placed it in the palm of my hand.

The little creature， stiff （僵硬的） with cold， looked dried up and， twitching （颤动） its thin legs slightly， fell on its side in my palm.

As I breathed on it to warm it up a bit， it came to life gradually. It might have been scared stiff and out of its senses by the violent storm of a moment ago. It was very slim. Its gossamer?like （像薄纱一样的） wings were white， soft and transparent. Its two black feelers were stretched ahead. Its two eyes were pitch?black. Its legs were thin like thread. What had led the weak little creature to venture out on the wing？ What unusual courage it had displayed in battling against the treacherous weather as a seeker！

Its regained consciousness had brought me immeasurable joy.

By now， the wind and rain had both left off. The whole universe was basking in brilliant sunlight. Everything was bright and beautiful. The leaves had turned from light green to dark green. The meadow was studded all over with small yellow flowers as tiny as grains of millet （小米）. After placing the butterfly on a sunbathed leaf， I turned to walk down the meadow. Then I heard a very， very distant call and took it for the sound of wind and rain， but soon I realized it had come from the depths of my heart—a call demanding to know why I had carelessly cast away the poor little creature. Thereupon， I turned back and came to an ancient big tree swinging gently in the breeze. To my great surprise， the butterfly was wriggling （蠕動） slightly on the leaf. I watched silently， avoiding alarming it. The sun was shining on the leaf with its reddish light， quivering and burning. It had brought fire， heat， light and life. It had dried up the raindrops and swept away the dust. And the tree leaf looked like a piece of green glass， transparent and crystal?clear.

Oh，my beautiful white butterfly！ Oh，my courageous white butterfly！ After trying several times， it finally managed to rise abruptly to its feet and spread its wings to fly. It circled agilely around me for quite a long time and then flew high into the cloudless skies like a tiny snowflake until it was out of sight.

Meanwhile， I got a bit sentimental. I had taken pity on the white butterfly when it was in hardship. But now， as it was soaring freely way up into the sky， I experienced a feeling of loss and sadness. “Oh， how mentally fragile man is！” I sighed. I stood， watching numbly  （麻木地） for a long time， and then turned to stroll away on the meadow.

Ⅰ. 阅读自测

[Gist 1. Which of the following can be the best title for the text？

A. A walk on the meadow             B. A white butterfly

C. A chance meeting D. A spring day after rain

2. This essay combines events with emotion in an artistic way.

Event： I came across a butterfly struck down by rain and unable to fly.

Emotion： I felt .

Event： I came to its rescue and it began to regain consciousness.

Emotion： I felt .

Event： I placed the butterfly on a sun?bathed leaf， leaving it to fate.

Emotion： I felt .

Event： The butterfly rose to its feet and flew into the cloudless skies.

Emotion： I felt .

3. There was now a heart?warming spring wind， now a refreshing cold rain. （Para. 1）

By now， the wind and rain had both left off. （Para. 8）

Weather conditions in two paragraphs were respectively   and       .

For what purpose did the author write about the surroundings？

4. What did the author try to convey through the underlined parts in paragraph 3？

5. Why did the author feel a sense of loss at last instead of relief when the butterfly flew away safe and sound？

6. What did the author think of the butterfly？

A. Stubborn and ungrateful. B. Vulnerable and timid.

C. Weak but tenacious.     D. Ordinary and insignificant.

7. What is the main idea of the text？

A. The author got fascinated by a perfectly white butterfly.

B. Life is the most precious and the struggle for it deserves respect.

C. The author felt very proud to have saved a butterfly.

D. The authors encounter with the butterfly made a little difference to him. Discourse Detail Inference Inference Inference Gist ]

Ⅱ. 語言汲取

（一）生动传神的动作描写

1. 描写蝴蝶

tremulous wet wings 簌簌颤动着的沾湿的翅膀

soft， slender and white like a snowflake 轻柔纤细，白得像一片雪花

be stiff with cold 冻僵

twitch its thin legs slightly 轻轻动弹它的细腿

be scared stiff and out of its senses 被吓得僵硬，失去知觉

gossamer?like wings 如薄纱般的翅膀

white， soft and transparent 白绒绒又透明的

venture out on the wing 振翅冒险

regain consciousness 恢复意识

wriggle slightly on the leaf 缓缓地在树叶上蠕动

rise abruptly to its feet 一躍而起

circle agilely around 活泼伶俐地在……周围翩翩飞舞

soar freely way up into the sky 向着天空冉冉飞去

2. 描写环境

a heart?warming spring wind 一阵暖心的春风

a refreshing cold rain 一场沁人心脾的冷雨

tender green grass 嫩绿的草地

battle against the treacherous weather 克服阴晴不定的天气

bask in brilliant sunlight 沐浴在太阳明媚的光辉中

be studded all over with small yellow flowers 开满黄色的小花

a sun?bathed leaf 一片盛满阳光的嫩叶

reddish light， quivering and burning 淡红色的阳光，颤悸着、燃烧着

dry up the raindrops and sweep away the dust 晒干雨珠，扫净风沙

3. 描写心情

from the depths of my heart 在我心灵深处

light up my heart 点亮我的内心

get a bit sentimental 怅然若失

take pity on 同情

（二）别具一格的句式表达

1. There was now a heart?warming spring wind， now a refreshing cold rain. （Para. 1） 一阵暖心的春风刚刚吹过，又来了一场沁人心脾的冷雨。

now...now...意为“时而……时而……”，用来表达两种状态交替出现。

2. Soft， slender and white like a snowflake， it looked so lovely and so pitiable. （Para. 2）但它白得像一片小雪花，轻柔纤细，楚楚动人，多么可怜呀！

Soft， slender and white like a snowflake为状语，用来修饰主语it，即the butterfly。

3. What had led the weak little creature to venture out on the wing？ What unusual courage it had displayed in battling against the treacherous weather as a seeker！ （Para. 6） 它振翅出来冒险是为了寻觅什么呢？在克服这阴晴不定的天气里，它表现出寻求者何等非凡的勇气！

两个句子虽然都是由what引导，但是前面一句是特殊疑问句，而后面一句则是感叹句。

Ⅲ. 句式仿写

1. 夏天的天气总是变幻不定，时而暴雨倾盆，时而艳阳当空。

The weather is always changeable in summer，                    .

2. 夜空缀满了无数闪亮的星星，引发了儿童无尽的想象。

， the sky piqued unconstrained imagination of children.

3. 完成这一部巨著需要倾注多大的决心和热情啊！

must have been involved to complete this bulky volume！

Ⅳ. 写作实践

近日，Crazy English举办了主题为“My favourite insect”的征文活动。你想投稿介绍你最喜欢的一种昆虫。请根据以下要点，写一篇短文投稿。

1. 你最喜欢的昆虫；

2. 你喜欢它的原因；

3. 你的感悟与启示。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 至少有两处需要使用文本中解析过的词汇和表达。

My favourite insect

评价导思

[A self?assessment checklist for my lyrical prose reading 1. 阅读本文前，我认真了解了抒情散文的文体知识。□ Yes □ No

2. 在阅读过程中，我会用“LSEA原则”梳理和分析文章。□ Yes □ No

3. 这篇文章最吸引我的部分是                。

□ 文本形象 □ 语言风格 □ 主题思想 □ 情感色彩

4. 读完这篇文章后，我会尝试着对生活中的常见事物进行观察和描写。□ Yes □ No

5. 读完这篇文章后，我会尝试着在日常生活中捕捉随感和记录心情。□ Yes □ No

6. 本次读写活动后，我懂得了生命是可贵的，要尊重每一个生命。□ Yes □ No

7. 本次读写活动后，我加深了对抒情散文的理解。 □ Yes □ No

8.为了阅读更多类型的抒情散文，我需要                。

□ 加倍努力 □ 持之以恒 □ 坚持目标 □ 形成高效的读写策略 ]