提升读后续写能力的策略
2023-06-24徐莹
徐莹
读后续写题是高考英语中新增加的一种写作题型,要求考生在理解一篇350词以内的材料的基础上(体裁多以记叙文为主),根据已给的故事信息,结合已经写好的两个开头语,创作出与原文逻辑及情节合理衔接、内容丰富生动、结构完整的150字左右的短文。本文以2022年江苏省高考真题为例,来总结一下读后续写题的解题技巧。
从试题结构看,读后续写考查的是学生的阅读理解能力和书面表达能力。因此,在写作之前要先读懂文本,准确理解原文,然后完成一篇与原文逻辑衔接紧密、写作风格一致的续写文章。在进行读后续写时有以下四个步骤:
一、读取信息
通读全文,弄清文章大意,找出关键要素:即理清人物、地点、时间、事件(故事的起因和经过)、原因及怎样发展。
人物:我(学校的特殊教育老师);大卫(十岁的脑瘫儿,走路和跑步摇摇摆摆,却一直坚持训练,准备参加越野赛。)
地点:茂密的树林
时间:越野赛当天
事件:大卫尽管脑瘫,却一直积极参加锻炼,为越野赛做准备,他跑步的姿势可能会引起其他同学的嘲笑,教练担心这会伤害到他,所以让大卫自己决定跑与不跑。作为特殊教育老师,我了解大卫面临的挑战并且敬佩他坚持参赛的决心。所以在比赛前夕,我才会关注他。
二、预测发展
根据两个段首句来推测情节,与每个段落的开头句合理衔接。原文中哪些句子可用作线索?
此文中围绕 David 是否参加这次越野赛的关键是:他跑步的姿势可能会引起其他同学的嘲笑,教练担心这会伤害到他,所以让大卫自己决定跑与不跑。
根据第一段的首句,可以知道我和大卫坐在一起,但是他不看我。可以从以下几个方面入手去考虑问题:他为什么不看我?我又说了什么,做了什么呢?最终大卫参加比赛了吗?由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走上起跑线。”可知,第二段可描写他在跑步中的表现,周围人对他表现的看法,以及作者和大卫的感受。我们可以设想这样一个正能量的结尾:其他学校的孩子们没有嘲笑反而会很敬佩他,会为他的身残志坚和不畏困难坚持到最后的精神而鼓掌。
三、续写故事
续写侧重叙事,里面涉及到的人的动作是非常多的,要侧重细节描写。比如“He was sad.”这就过于简单。“Dropping his head, he was in low spirits.”这样的表达画面感就很强。另外要模仿原文的语言风格,把从原文中获取的词汇、句子应用于续写中。在写作时,要侧重以下几个问题。
Paragraph1:What did I decide to do?
What and how did I say to him then, making himdetermined to run?
Why? What was he doing then? How was he feel-ing then?
Paragraph2: How did he perform in the race?
What did I feel when seeing him perform that way?
What was the other kids response to his perfor-mance?
注意写好三个衔接句:即第一段首句后的衔接句、第一段尾句、第二段首句后的衔接句。写好一个升华句:即第二段的尾句——要与文章开头遥相呼应,故事圆满结局,凸显主题,升华精神。
四、润色定稿
在续写时,学生要使用清晰的衔接词,内容要符合逻辑,语言特点要与原文一致。因此,学生在初步完成后,要进行润色定稿。下面展示一篇学生的习作:
Paragraph1: We sat down next to each other, but David wouldnt look at me. Dropping his head, he was in low spirits. I turned to him and said in a soft voice, “David, you had worked so hard for this event. How I admire your strong determination. Why not give it a try?”“I am afraid other kids will laugh at me.” Murmured him.“But David, what counts most is your heart, you want to run, right? You are sure to make it.” Hearing this, He lifted his head and looked at me in the eyes, saying firmly,“Imgonna run.”
Paragraph2: I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. I had no idea what would happen during the race. The starting gun fired. Davids small body rushed out, rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward. He fell behind soon but it seemed that he cared for nothing except moving forward. Everybody cheered for him as he reached the finishing line. David waved to me with excitement and shouted,“I made it!”His big smile came back again.
總之,在做读后续写题时,学生应学会阅读全文,抓住主题;分析两段首句,提出问题,预测故事情节的发展趋势;续写中保持原文的写作风格,侧重细节描写,注意使用衔接词以保证行文流畅。
(作者单位:江苏省泰州市田家炳实验中学)