Module 6 War and Peace

词汇短语园地

1. abandon   v.   放弃，抛弃

（1）abandon sb to sth  （不顾责任、义务等）遗弃某人给……

The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。

（2）abandon sth （to sb/sth）   不得已而放弃/舍弃

They had to abandon their lands and property to the invading forces.

他们不得不放弃土地和财产，让侵略军占领。

（3）abandon oneself to sth   陷入/沉湎于某种感情

He abandoned himself to despair.

他陷入絕望。

2. drown   v.   淹死，使溺死

Two children drowned after falling into the river.

两个孩子掉进河里淹死了。

（1）drown sth in sth   把某物浸泡在……里

The fruit was drowned in cream.

水果在奶油里泡过。

（2）drown sb/sth out   压过/盖过某人/某物

She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door.

他开大了收音机的音量以压过隔壁房间的吵闹声。

3. occupy   v.   占领；使用，占用（空间、

面积、时间等）

The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.

叛军已占领了首都。

How much memory does the program occupy？

这个程序占用了多少内存？

4. rescue   v.   营救，拯救

rescue sb/sth （from sth/sb）（从某事中/某人手里）救出某人/某物

He rescued a child from drowning.

他救起了一名落水儿童。

比较：save和rescue的区别

两者均可表示“救”。save属于普通用词，使用广泛，主要指把处于危险或危机状态中的人或物解救出来；而rescue则强调动作的迅速，指从直接的或迫在眉睫的危险中解救出来。两者常可换用。

The brave firemen saved （rescued） people from a burning house.

勇敢的消防人员从燃烧的房子里把人救了出来。

The house was rescued （saved） from demolition.

这所房子保住了，可以不拆。

5. drop   vt.   扔下，投下

vi.   掉下，落下；（液体）滴落，

滴下；（价格、劲势等）下降，

下跌；累倒，累垮

I dropped the letter into the mailbox.

我将信投入信箱。

Tears dropped from her eyes.

泪水从她眼中滴落下来。

The price of coffee has dropped.

咖啡的价格已经降下来了。

drop back/behind   后退，落后，

drop by/in/round = drop in on sb   顺便访问，顺便进入

drop off   打盹儿，小睡

drop out （of sth）   不再参加，退出，脱离

6. mess   n.   混乱的局面，麻烦，困境；杂乱

The economy is in a mess.

经济陷入了困境。

The whole situation is a mess.

整个情况都是一团糟。

7. worthwhile   adj.   值得做的，有价值的，

有用的

The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.

她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。

（1）worthwhile to do sth   值得去做某事

It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations.

把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。

（2）worthwhile doing sth   值得做某事

It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

把它都再寫出来似乎不必要。

8. encourage   v.   鼓舞，鼓励

（1）encourage sb in sth   在某事上鼓励某人

My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.

在我选择职业时父母总是鼓励我。

（2）encourage sth in sb/sth   在某人/某物上助长某事

They claim that some computer games encourage violent behavior in young children.

他们声称有些电脑游戏助长儿童的暴力行为。

9. arm   v.   装备，武装

arm oneself/sb with sth   用某物武装自己/某人

The crowd armed themselves with sticks and stones.

群众拿起棍棒和石块武装自己。

She had armed herself for the meeting with all the latest statistics.

为了这次会议，她准备了所有最新的统计资料。

10. make a breakthrough   取得重大突破（进展）

The key to the problems is to make a breakthrough with a clear aim.

有针对性地寻找突破是解决这些问题的关键。

11. pick up   停下来让某人搭车（船等）；

救起

He picked me up a few days later for a movie and dinner.

几天后他来接我，我们一起看电影，吃晚饭。

幽默小故事

One day， a father and his little son were going home. At this age， the boy was interested in all kinds of things and was always asking questions. He asked， “What’s the meaning of the word ‘drunk’， Dad？” “Well， my son，” his father replied， “look， there are two standing policemen. If I regard the two policemen as four， then I am drunk.”

“But， Dad，” the boy said， “there’s only ONE policeman！”

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

On May 1， 1926， Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day， 40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However， the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money， workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead， and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.

Since then， everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer， which severely influenced health and well-being， as well as the environment. Until the Second World War， it was common for one person in a family， usually the oldest male， to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later， technology made lots of work unnecessary， with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.

Well into the 21st century， we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers， using up more of Earth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy， use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.

The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would solve a number of interconnected problems： overwork， unemployment， over-consumption， high carbon emissions， low well-being， and the lack of time to live sustainably， to care for each other， and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite （有限的） planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking.

1. Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek？

A. To increase efficiency. B. To cut workers’ salaries.

C. To end conflicts with workers. D. To create more job opportunities.

2. What happened in the workforce after World War II？

A. Job positions were created due to technology.

B. Technology let people work more flexibly.

C. The oldest male had to work longer.

D. More women got full-time jobs.

3. What can we infer from Paragraph 3？

A. The 2lst century sees the longest working hours.

B. Longer working hours means better consumption ability.

C. Stopping our way of life can change the present workweek.

D. The cycle of hard work and consumption should be changed.

4. What will a 21-hour workweek bring about according to the last paragraph？

A. Some companies will be closed down. B. Economic growth will be slow.

C. Economic systems can work better. D. People can enjoy life more.

閱读七选五

We all wish we had just a bit more time. Just think what you could do with an extra hour or two each day： you could finally stick to an exercise routine， write your novel， or learn the guitar and so on.

1 But I can help you find more hours in your day for the things that really matter.

◆ Get out of bed earlier.

If you normally get up at 7：30 am， try getting up at 7：00 am. That half-hour might not sound like much， but it could be time that you use to exercise， to read that book you’ve been meaning to finish. 2

◆ Do the important tasks first.

Once you get to work， get the important ones done first. You can afford to spend at least an hour working on big， important tasks rather than on all those little urgent ones. 3 The urgent tasks will still get done， and you won’t miss the important ones.

◆ Reduce interruptions.

Constant interruptions don’t just eat up time; they also break your concentration. When you’ve got a big task to focus on， let your calls go to voicemail. 4 Wearing headphones makes it less likely that people will try to strike up a conversation.

◆ 5

When you’re working， work. If your concentration is slipping， take a proper break. And if you’re facing a difficult task， try breaking it into small steps or stages so that it’s easier to deal with.

A. Stay focused on your work.

B. Take breaks when necessary.

C. You want to make your day longer.

D. If you have an office door， close it.

E. If you work like this， you’ll usually save time.

F. I can’t magically make all your days 25 hours long.

G. Or simply use it to get your day off to a calm and organized start.

1. _________  2. _______ 3.______  4. ______ 5. ______

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

I have decided to test myself every day in a different way. Today’s test： practice the art of 1 . It is something so simple， but so 2 to those who need a kind heart and a good listener. Sometimes， we all need someone to listen to us with no 3 . We just want to be 4 . Therefore， I really made sure that I listened to everyone who spoke to me throughout the day， 5 I was busy.

As I was 6 in the break room today， I had a conversation with a colleague I 7 talked to. She always looked like a（n） 8 lady， but today she seemed very troubled. So I sat down with my lunch and just listened. She told me about her unlucky 9 who was killed in a car crash last year， and her 10 daughter who struggled with pain every day. I listened and made her 11 much better. At the end of the 12 ， I gave the single mother a big warm hug and told her how 13 she was. Of course， we 14 friends after our first talk.

What an inspiration she is！ 15 with so many difficulties and frustrations， she still comes to work with a positive attitude， a 16 to succeed and a big smile every day.

I believe everyone 17 a ray of sunshine in their life—someone that will give them a big warm 18 and say， “You’re amazing！”

I am a dreamer， but I move forward while I dream. My dream is to 19 happiness. Tomorrow， I will write “You are beautiful！” on small cards， hide them everywhere， and make those I work with 20 them by chance and with joy.

1. A. listening B. speaking C. reading D. writing

2. A. complex B. funny C. common D. important

3. A. doubt B. concern C. opinions D. answers

4. A. seen B. heard C. known D. taught

5. A. ever since B. even though C. now that D. as if

6. A. drinking B. kidding C. sitting D. lying

7. A. never B. frequently C. always D. sometimes

8. A. lucky B. positive C. humorous D. outgoing

9. A. mother B. father C. husband D. son

10. A. sick B. lazy C. careless D. naughty

11. A. eat B. feel C. behave D. recover

12. A. conversation B. lunch C. day D. test

13. A. kind B. beautiful C. amazing D. boring

14. A. helped B. became C. encouraged D. comforted

15. A. Faced B. Shocked C. Confused D. Defeated

16. A. way B. will C. duty D. chance

17. A. has B. discovers C. appreciates D. needs

18. A. hand B. welcome C. hug D. home

19. A. share B. seek C. enjoy D. spread

20. A. find B. open C. receive D. read

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

With the average American going through more than 700 pounds of paper per year， many firms are looking for ways to discourage their employees from over-using the office printer.

Toshiba American Business Solutions has come up with an alternative idea. It has introduced the e-STUDIO4508LP， a printer that gives users the option to print with erasable toner （墨粉）—allowing a single piece of paper to be reused several times.

“To reuse a piece of paper， the printer basically uses the same process as a normal printer， but in reverse （反过来），” said Bill Melo， chief marketing executive for Toshiba America Business Solutions. “Paper printed with the erasable toner is fed back into the printer， superheated， and the toner gets removed and put in a discard （丢弃） tank.”

There are a couple of catches. All of the printouts using the erasable toner have to be in blue ink， which is the only color in which erasable toner is now available. And the company said that people may want to stop reusing the printouts after five times through the eraser because small traces of erased text will build up over time.

The $15，420 printer is aimed at offices and schools， where there are often large numbers of printouts that outlive their usefulness quickly. With the erasable toner， it’s possible to load any short-lived handouts back onto the printer to be erased and then reused.

Still， convincing customers to commit to erasable toner isn’t always easy. Melo said not all its customers were happy about only having the erasable option.

“The model，” Melo said， “should better serve the needs of those who want to be environmentally conscious but also may need something more permanent on occasion.”

1. What is special about Toshiba’s printer？

A. It’s low-priced. B. It’s fashionable. C. It’s lightweight. D. It’s eco-friendly.

2. What is the key to making the printer work？

A. A discard tank. B. Light-colored ink.

C. Special writing paper. D. A high enough temperature.

3. What does the underlined word “catches” in Paragraph 4 mean？

A. Theories. B. Problems. C. Differences. D. Characteristics.

4. How did the public respond to the printer？

A. They asked for more patterns. B. Some expressed dissatisfaction.

C. Some worried about its recycling. D. They considered it hard to operate.

B

There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will not allow the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done？ The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently， battery life is an issue—a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into.

Of course， technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies， like Google and Tesla， are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron， an expert on low-carbon vehicle technology said， “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries， which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars. These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range.”

Cost is another issue that may prevent people switching to electric power. But some countries offer encouragement， such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes， and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes （專用车道） for electric cars to be driven on， overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams.

But Colin Herron warns that “electric motoring” doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring， but the car has to be built， the battery has to be built， and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.

5. What does the author think of the UK’s announcement？

A. Reasonable. B. Unrealistic. C. Cheerful. D. Unbelievable.

6. What does Herron intend to stress about developing electric cars in Paragraph 2？

A. More money is needed. B. Google and Tesla are the producers.

C. More tech companies are needed. D. Solid state batteries are the key.

7. Why can electric cars avoid traffic jams in some countries？

A. They always run fast. B. They can overtake buses.

C. They have no speed limit. D. They have their own lanes.

8. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Future of Electric Cars B. Ways to Achieve Zero-carbon

C. The Disadvantages of Traditional Cars D. The Big Leap in Electric Car Technology

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

I was on a plane returning home to Dallas， Texas after completing my duty in Vietnam. There were no hometown parades for us veterans （退伍军人） from that 1 war and I had been warned about the unfriendliness from our countrymen at that time. 2 ， I was just trying to get home without incident.

I sat， in uniform， in a window seat， avoiding eye contact with my fellow 3 . No one was sitting in the seat next to me， which 4 my loneliness. A little girl， not more than 10 years old， suddenly 5 in the passage. She smiled and， without a word， 6 handed me a magazine. I accepted her 7 together with her quiet “Welcome home”. I turned to the window and wept. Her small 8 of caring was the first I had 9 in a long time.

I believe in the 10 between strangers when we reach out to one another.

Today， that young girl 11 has no memory of what happened years ago. I like to think of her as having grown up， continuing to 12 others and teaching her children to do the same. I know she might have been told to give me the “ 13 ” by her parents. It doesn’t matter why she gave me the magazine. The 14 thing is she did.

From then on， I have followed her 15 and tried， in different ways for 16 people， to do the same for them. I know that my 17 since then are all due to that little girl. Her offer of a magazine to a tired， scared and 18 soldier has echoed throughout my 19 . I have to believe that my small gestures have the same 20 on others.

1. A. fair B. great C. unpopular D. unexpected

2. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Meanwhile

3. A. colleagues B. employers C. customers D. passengers

4. A. resulted from B. made up C. got rid of D. added to

5. A. shouted B. appeared C. jumped D. waved

6. A. anxiously B. rudely C. shyly D. sadly

7. A. decision B. offering C. apology D. invitation

8. A. idea B. discussion C. gesture D. exchange

9. A. experienced B. imagined C. predicted D. realized

10. A. coincidence B. connection C. competition D. conversation

11. A. strangely B. surprisingly C. undoubtedly D. unfortunately

12. A. protect B. contact C. touch D. judge

13. A. gift B. lesson C. reminder D. reward

14. A. important B. unusual C. right D. interesting

15. A. advice B. dream C. example D. requirement

16. A. old B. wounded C. homeless D. different

17. A. worries B. attempts C. thoughts D. emotions

18. A. unhealthy B. poor C. lonely D. disappointed

19. A. life B. duty C. career D. journey

20. A. stress B. effect C. threat D. consequence

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

Norway’s capital Oslo will become the first city in the world to use wireless （无线的） charging systems for electric taxis， hoping to make recharging quick.

“The project will use induction （电磁感应） technology， with charging plates in the ground at taxi stands where taxis line up to wait for passengers， ” Finnish company Fortum， said on Thursday.

“Receivers will be in a taxi， and when it drives up to the charger， a wireless charging process will automatically start. This will allow the taxis to charge in a place where they would anyway be waiting for new customers，” says Annika Hoffner， head of Fortum. From 2023 all taxis in Oslo will have to be zero emission （排放） and Norway wants all new cars to be zero emission by 2025. Among other nations， Britain and France have similar goals for 2040.

Fortum is working with US firm Momentum Dynamics and the city of Oslo on the system. It said the greatest difficulty with electrification of taxis is that it takes too much time for drivers to find a charger， and then wait for the car to charge.

“Time equals money when taxi drivers are working，” said OleGudbrann Hempel， head of Fortum’s public charging network in Norway.

Norway has the world’s highest rate of electric car ownership， partly thanks to measures such as free or discounted road fees， parking and charging points. If you buy an electric car， you do not need to pay the same taxes （稅） as those on traditional cars， which are very high in the country. In 2018， almost one in three new cars sold was electric. With just five million people， Norway bought 46，143 new electric cars， making it the biggest market in Europe.

1. What does Hoffner tell us about the charging system？

A. Its problem. B. Its advantage.

C. Its possible customers. D. Its passengers’ reaction.

2. What is the problem with electric taxis according to Fortum？

A. They waste too much of drivers’ time. B. They sometimes cause safety problems.

C. They cannot run as fast as traditional taxis. D. They are not as comfortable as traditional taxis.

3. What can we infer about Norway from the last paragraph？

A. Electric cars are expensive in it.

B. It has the biggest car market in Europe.

C. Taxes on traditional cars are increasing in it.

D. It is trying to encourage the use of electric cars.

4. Why does the author write this text？

A. To present the electric car market in Oslo.

B. To introduce an original program in Oslo.

C. To compare electric cars with traditional cars.

D. To show the wide use of electric charging systems.

選词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。有两个词是多余的。

abandon declare drown invade surrender encourage

occupy mess rescue shock wound strategy

1. The _______ enemies tore down the people’s houses by force.

2. Bad habits which will do you harm should_______ .

3. Many families _______ when the river burst its banks.

4. It would be better to use _______ than to attack by force.

5. Thousands of civilians have been killed or severely _______ in the terrible battle.

6. I was _______when I heard about your accident.

7. After six hours on the roof， the gunman _______ to the police.

8. The child _______ from the fire， but died soon after that for terrible burns.

9. They _______ their support for the project.

10. He gets _______ by the task at present.

语法填空

A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together

When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting， he did something unusual. He ran for 32 km in 1 （celebrate）. Kambugu， who works for the Standard Chartered Bank in Uganda， was among the over 86，000 employees around the world who had attempted 2 （take） part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative （“一带一路”倡议） is developing. Kambugu and his coworkers visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes， 3 helped them understand the initiative better.

Kambugu 4 （witness） how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 5 better in East Africa so far. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 6 she had seen during her journey impressed 7 （she）. In some places， people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it

8 （fluent） than some people from Hong Kong， she said jokingly.

“By running together， we run further， ” added Therese Neo， a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it， the countries 9 （participate） in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the runners. When they join 10 （force）， they have a better shared future.

1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______

6. _______ 7. _______ 8._______ 9. _______ 10. _______

跟踪导练（六）

短文改错

During the travel back to my hometown， in the plane， I sat next to an old lady who looked very scary. She closed her eyes and placed her hands in her lap. I thought I might be nervous， so I planned to chat with her to make her to feel relaxed. We talk a lot about our families and experiences. When the flight over， I helped her carry her baggages. She was so grateful about my help that she gave me the big hug. On our way out， we waved goodbye. She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldn’t see each other any long.

书面表达

假定你是李华，你曾发邮件邀请外教Daniel参加你们班的春游活动，但你把时间和地点弄错了。请用英语给他写封邮件说明情况，并向他道歉。内容包括：

1．说明情况并道歉；

2．告知正确的时间和地点；

3．希望Daniel能参加春游活动。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Daniel，

Looking forward to your early reply.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

背景大链接

Heal the World （Excerpt）

治愈世界（节选）

By Michael Jackson

——迈克尔·杰克逊

There’s a place in your heart

And I know that it is love

And this place could be much brighter than tomorrow

And if you really try

You’ll find there’s no need to cry

In this place， you’ll feel there’s no hurt or sorrow

There are ways to get there

If you care enough for the living

Make a little space

Make a better place

Heal the world

Make it a better place

For you and for me and the entire human race

There are people dying

If you care enough for the living

Make a better place for you and for me

If you want to know why

There’s a love that cannot lie

Love is strong

It only cares for joyful giving

If we try

We shall see

In this bliss we cannot feel fear or dread

We stop existing and start living

Then it feels that always

Love’s enough for us growing

在你心中有個地方

我知道那里充满了爱

这个地方会比明天更灿烂

如果你真的努力过

你会发觉不必哭泣

在这个地方，你感觉不到伤痛或烦忧

到这个地方的方法很多

如果你真心关怀生者

营造一些空间

创造一个更美好的地方

拯救这世界

让它变得更美好

为你，为我，为了全人类

不断有人死去

如果你真心关怀生者

就为你，为我，创造一个更美好的地方

如果你想知道缘由

那是因为有一种爱，它不会说谎

爱是坚强的

爱就是心甘情愿地奉献

如果我们努力尝试

我们将会明白

在这幸福中，我们感觉不到丝毫恐惧或畏惧

我们不仅仅是活着，而是真正开始生活

那爱的感觉将延续下去

爱让我们不断成长

作者简介

迈克尔·杰克逊（1958—2009），美国摇滚音乐家。1971年12月，他发行了个人首支单曲Got to be there。杰克逊一生中获得了15项格莱美奖和26项全美音乐奖，在个人独唱生涯中拥有17支美国冠军单曲，拥有“最成功的艺术家”吉尼斯世界纪录称号。2010年1月，他被授予格莱美终身成就奖。