主题2：补全信息考点预测与考法预判

张岚

[四层考点预测]

考点1 设空在段首

假如设空处出现在段首，正确选项要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句。若是针对段落标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。

考生可以认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词汇，推断出主题句。另外，考生应着重阅读设空处后的第一、二句，锁定线索及信号词，然后在选项中查找相关词汇。通常正确选项与设空处后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会使用某种衔接手段。

[真题链接]

（2020·全国乙卷） 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not⁃good⁃enough. Why do you follow them？ Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？ Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

E. Set an intention for self⁃acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start？

[备考点睛]

F 考查段落主题句。第37题设空在段首，类似这样的选项往往是对整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨大意。这种设题往往需要从段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。根据下文中的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not⁃good⁃enough. Why do you follow them？”可知，本段主要讲述了不要拿自己和别人做比较。再根据下文中的核心词汇follow和the only you可知，F选项“停止拿自己和别人进行比较”能够概括本段大意。

考点2 设空在段中

如果设空处在段中，这通常是从语境和逻辑关系两方面来考查句际关系，常常会考查过渡句和细节句。考生要注意所选选项要在语境方面能够与原文无缝衔接，要学会分析一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。段落之间的发展靠句与句之间意义的结合，以及句与句之间的关联词、逻辑性插入语来连接。考生做题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词——关联词。

[真题链接]

（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.

G. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.

[備考点睛]

F 考查因果关系。前一句提到，“我”和丈夫在巴黎待了一周，下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment the size of a cupboard.”（所以“我们”做的第一件事就是租了一套非常昂贵的公寓，这套公寓在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）是设空处的结果，因此设空处需要填原因，故选F选项“我们的目的是看看我们是否可以在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活”。

考点3 设空在段尾

1. 细节句

位置在段尾的细节句，常常是对前文内容的补充说明，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。

[真题链接]

（2019·全国丙卷）Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor. 39

A. Thats what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed， they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

[备考点睛]

C 考查段尾細节句。根据设空处前面的内容可知，文章提倡不要过度分享个人信息，当学生们需要延期上交作业时，只需向教授简单地解释一下情况。C选项中的more information与上文中的information为原词复现，符合语境。

2. 过渡句

当设空在非尾段段末时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。假如文章缺的是段落间的过渡句，考生首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则选出答案。

[真题链接]

（2017·全国乙卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping， I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill⁃cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.

[备考点睛]

D 本题考查段落过渡句。根据设空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我会花大部分周末时间在露营上面，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢被昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋的人。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重晒伤后进行恢复，并且还要向医生支付治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D选项“然而，从那时起我要学很多关于露营的知识”符合语境。

3. 结论句

通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，选项会用一些信号词，故正确选项中一般有这样的特征词，如therefore、as a result、thus、hence、in short、to sum up、to conclude、in a word等。选项中也可能会出现前文的同义词或其他同义表达。如果在选项中找不出设空处与前文之间的关联，考生可以考虑设空处与下一段的开头是否有关联。

[真题链接]

（2020·全国乙卷）Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today. 39

A. Feeling upset again？

B. Where do you start？

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D. Remember， you are only human.

[备考点睛]

C 考查段尾结论句。本题设空在段尾，故首先看前文。根据上文中的“List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today.”可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C选项“没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的”是对上文的概括总结，符合语境。<m：＼报纸组＼23杂志＼疯狂英语＼高三＼2023年1月刊＼9927128_203655092391_2.jpg>[四翼考法预判]

“稳中求变”是七选五阅读理解命题的重要原则。“稳”主要体现在文本的篇幅和考点的分布上，“变”主要体现在两个方面：语篇类型的变化和新话题的出现。

创新路径1 精选素材，丰富语篇类型

高考中的七选五阅读理解在语篇类型上以说明文为主，但命题人也会穿插使用记叙文。在备考过程中，考生应加強对说明文、记叙文以及议论文等多种类型语篇的练习。

[真题链接]

（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

The place wasnt entirely authentic， though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment， the plumbing （水管装置） worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said， “Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered， and its a shame I dont have much use for it.

Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.

39 On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！

In France， quality of life is much more important than efficiency （效率）. You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work？ The French take their 35⁃hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.

A. Not all the customers are tourists.

B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.

C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.

G. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.

[备考点睛]

本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者夫妇二人在巴黎居住的感受。考生在解题时应关注各个段落的主旨大意，围绕段落的话题选出最佳选项，同时充分考虑句与句之间的逻辑关系。

答案：FCGEA

创新路径2 选取热点话题，引导考生关注生活

高考命题坚持贴近学习、贴近生活，同时新的话题也在不断涌现。新的话题可以与考生的生活有一定的距离。2021年全国甲卷的七选五阅读理解介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法，2021年全国乙卷的七选五阅读理解介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些技巧，2020年全国乙卷的七选五阅读理解介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧，2020年全国甲卷的七选五阅读理解介绍了表情符号及其在工作交流中所带来的优势，2019年全国丙卷的七选五阅读理解介绍了上网课时应注意的交际事项。这些语篇都体现了高考命题选取热点话题以及引导考生关注生活的特点。

[真题链接]

（2020·全国甲卷）

Emoji （表情符号） and Workplace Communication

In Asia， messaging platforms are growing rapidly， with users in the hundreds of millions， both at work and play. 36 . Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.

Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling， keeping intention clear. 37 ， encouraging better and more frequent communication.

In any given office， employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond， and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually， for those used to working with traditional tools like email， it may feel like a learning curve （曲線）. The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.

There is also the matter of tone （语气）. Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ 39 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier， and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

40 ， and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication， youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.

A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational

B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally

E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly

F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace

G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform

[备考点睛]

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表情符号与职场沟通的关系。职场沟通的话题更加贴近成人生活，一些考生对表情符号和职场沟通这一话题并不了解。在设题方面，命题人依据词法（指代、反义词）、句法（递进）、篇法（段落主题句）分别设题，使试题具有一定的区分度。

答案：DAGBF

[一核考题预演]

见P72～P76学习妙测“2023年高考热点命题2：补全信息”对应内容。