中考定语从句解题四个技巧
2023-05-30刘白
刘白
一、观察法
这里的观察具体包括:观察先行词,观察引导词的位置,观察定语从句所缺的句子成分。请看下列试题:
(2022·安徽·合肥)1. I hate people _________ don ’t help others when they are in trouble
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
解析:正确答案为A。考查定语从句先行词的用法。通过观察发现,先行词为
people,引导词处于主语的位置,定语从句的所缺句子成分为主語。我们知道:先行词为those, they,all, persons,people ,he,anyone,one时,定语从句用关系代词who来引导,不用that. 故选A。
(2022·浙江·杭州)2. Being blind is something _______ most people can’ t imagine
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
解析:正确答案为C。本题考查定语从句只用关系代词that不用which的情况。通过观察发现,先行词为something,引导词处于宾语的位置,定语从句的所缺句子成分为宾语。我们知道:当先行词为something,anything等不定代词时,定语从句只用关系代词that不用which . 故选C。
二、代入法
我们知道,定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定成分。同时,定语从句的引导词代指其前面的先行词。比如,Tom was the last student who I met in the park . 引导词who代指的就是其前面的先行词 the last student 。由此,我们可以采取将先行词代入到从句中的方法来判定定语从句的引导词。
(2022·四川·宜宾)1. — What kind of music do you like ?
— I like music _______ I can dance to. A. because B. when C. who D. that
解析:正确答案是D。将先行词music代入到定语从句 I can dance to中,从句变为 I can dance to music. 该句子成分完整,符合逻辑,意义通达。显然,先行词music在定语从句中做介词to的宾语,排除because与when .又因music为物,排除who .
(2022·天津)2. Teenagers like reading the books ______ are written by Guo Jingjing
A. who B what .C. whose D. that
解析:正确答案是D。将先行词the books代入到定语从句“______ are written by Guo Jingjing”中,从句变为The books are written by Guo Jingjing.该句子成分完整,符合逻辑,意义通达。显然,先行词the books 在定语从句中做主语,同时 the books 为物,故选D。
三、对比法
(2022·广西·南宁)1. - Linda , cm you tell me something about Mo Yan?
- Sure. He is the writer ______ won the Nobel(诺贝尔)Literature Prize .
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
解析:正確答案是C。考查定语从句的引导词的用法。因为which先行词为物;whose 先行词为人或物,作定语,后必须接名词;who先行词为人,作主、宾、表语;whom先行词为人,只作宾语。根据先行词the writer为人,作主语。所以选择答案C。
(2022·甘肃·兰州)2. A WeChat(微信)is an invention ________can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely. A. which B. who C. whose D. /
解析:正确答案是A。考查定语从句的引导词的用法。因为which先行词为物,作主、宾语(可省略);who先行词为人,作主、宾语(可省略)、表语;whose先行词为人或物,作定语,后必须接名词;whom先行词为人,只作宾语(可省略)。根据先行词an invent为物,作主语,不可省略。所以选择答案A。
四、分析法
1. This is the primary school _______I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
解析:正确答案是A。考查定语从句引导词。定语从句的先行词the primary school,分析定语从句“I studied three years ago ”,可以发现该句属于典型的主语+谓语的结构(studied为不及物动词,后不接宾语),three years ago.为时间状语。可判断先行词the primary school在该定语从句中做地点状语。关系副词where通常在定语从句做地点状语。故选A
2. I can never forget the day _______we worked together and the day_______ we spent together .
A. when ; which B .which ;when
C .what ; that D. on which ; when 。
解析:正确答案是A。两个先行词the day 都是表示时间的名词。第一个定语从句we worked together 中缺少状语,所以,第一个空要填的引导词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when/on which .在第二个定语从句we worked together中,缺少宾语(动词spent的宾语),第二个空要填的引导词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。
【真题链接】
1. Mary Sm ith says she likes to have friends ________ are different from her.(2022·贵州·贵阳)
A. whose B .which C. who
2. I hate those _______ don’ t help others when they are in trouble. (2022·广东·广州)
A. who B. which C .what D. where
3. The girl _____ catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married .(2022·四川·成都)
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
4. I can ’ t forget the time _______ the earthquake happened in Yushu(2022·黑龍江·哈尔滨)
A. when B. which C. where
5. Steve Jobs is one of the persons _______ founded A pple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era(时代). (2022·江苏·南京)
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
6. -Now many people smoke and get ill (2022·广西·玉林)
-So we should do something _______can help stop smoking .
A. what B. who C. /. D. that Keys: 1 ~ 6 CACAAD