Learning about first-aid tips

四川 蒋建平

主题语境：急救知识

篇幅：327词

建议用时：6分钟

1First aid refers to the immediate,direct treatment of an injured person.Anyone with a basic understanding of medical treatment can give aid at the first signs of trouble.Simple procedures may include stopping blood loss by applying pressure,dressing a wound,treating a burn,or setting a bone.Some types,such as performing CPR,require an individual to receive specialized training from an official program.

2Many slight injuries can be handled with simple,immediate medical attention.A small cut,burn,or blister（水疱）,for instance,can be attended to by thoroughly cleaning the injury,applying an antibiotic cream,and covering it with a breathable bandage.Treating bruises（瘀伤）,muscle strains,swelling,and animal bites usually involves icing and pressing the injuries,as well as taking pain medication.

3Some injuries require medical services beyond the average person's abilities.A person who is choking or drowning,for example,may depend on a trained professional with first aid.Strokes,seizures（癫痫）,concussions（脑震荡）,and broken bones create special challenges for immediate medical care providers,as they are usually required to keep victims calm and conscious while temporarily relieving symptoms.

4Individuals in most countries can get first-aid training through courses offered by community health organizations and hospitals.Training may last anywhere from a few hours to three or four days,depending on the size of a program.Individuals in training usually learn how to recognize signs of choking,concussions,and blood loss,and practice the means of treating such illnesses.People who learn how to perform CPR and other lifesaving tasks are often awarded with special certifications.

5Successful first-aid procedures can provide relief from pain and uncomfortable symptoms and prevent further damage from infection.When treatment is provided quickly,many injuries are able to heal completely without a visit to a medical professional or emergency room.Urgent care can even mean the difference between life and death in situations where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive.

Reading

Check

Detail

1.Which of the following requires specialized training?

A.Treating a burn.B.Setting a bone.

C.Dressing a wound.D.Performing CPR.

Detail

2.Which of the following can be treated with icing?

A.Burns.B.Swelling.

C.Bleeding.D.Blisters.

Detail

3.Why is it difficult to treat injuries like strokes and seizures?

A.The symptoms are hard to relieve.

B.The risk of death is high.

C.The pain is powerful.

D.The victims may be unconscious.

Gist

4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The importance of first aid.

B.The key to successful first aid.

C.The training programs of first aid.

D.The best time to give first aid.

Language

Study

Ⅰ.Difficult sentence in the text

Urgent care can even mean the difference between life and death in situations where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive.在没有专业救助或专业救助无法及时赶到的情况下，急救关乎生死。

【点石成金】该句包含定语从句where professional help is unavailable or slow to arrive，该从句的先行词是situations。

Ⅱ.Text-centered chunks

blood loss 失血

apply pressure 施压

dress a wound 包扎伤口

muscle strain 肌肉扭伤

broken bone 骨折

urgent care 急救

主题应用·语库构建

Ⅰ.主题词汇

symptom 症状

emergency 紧急情况

dizzy 头晕的

unconscious 昏迷的

coma 昏迷

injured 受伤的

allergic 过敏的

bleed 流血

choke 噎住

slip 滑倒

fall down 摔倒

shock 休克

electric shock 触电

heart attack 心脏病发作

frostbite 冻伤

heatstroke 中暑

infection 感染

swell 肿；肿胀

relieve 减轻

heal 愈合

pulse 脉搏

restore 使恢复

stability 稳固；稳定

conscious 有意识的

rise to one's feet 站起来

first aid 急救

first-aid kit 急救箱

rescue brigade 急救队

first-aid tent 急救棚

ice pack 冰袋

towel 毛巾

mask 口罩

gauze 纱布

bandage 绷带

band-aid 创可贴

thermometer 体温计

tweezers 镊子

pill 药片；药丸

ointment 药膏

ambulance 救护车

stretcher 担架

nursing 护理

press 按；压

bind up 包扎

rescue breathing 人工呼吸

life-saving 挽救生命的

care for 看护；照料

wound 伤口

limb 肢；臂；腿tissue（动植物细胞的）组织

Ⅱ.主题美句

1.If the head is swollen,you can apply a cold compress,such as holding an ice pack to the wound.如果头部肿了，你可以采用冷敷法，比如拿冰袋敷在伤口处。

2.Use your fingers to hold both sides of your nose for 4 to 8 minutes,or use a cotton ball soaked in ice water to fill the nasal cavity with pressure to stop the bleeding.用手指捏住两侧鼻翼4 至8 分钟，或者用浸了冰水的棉球填塞鼻腔压迫止血。

3.For burns,put the burn under cool running water.Then put a cool cloth on it.Do not put ice or anything else on the burn.对于烧伤，就用流动的冷水冲洗伤口，然后把一块凉布放在伤口上。不要在烧伤的伤口上放冰块或其他任何东西。

4.If the person is bleeding,try to stop it quickly.Put a clean cloth on the wound.伤者如果有出血现象，就要设法赶紧止血。把一块干净的布放在伤口上。

5.If someone is choking,hit him or her on the back between his or her shoulders.If that does not work,stand behind the person.Place your arms around him or her.Pull quickly and sharply to help him or her stop choking.如果有人噎到了，就拍击他/她肩膀之间的背部。如果这样没有效果，就站到那人的身后，伸出双臂抱住对方，然后迅速猛拉，从而挤出异物。

6.If the victim's clothes are on fire,he should lie down and remain stationary and quickly be rolled in a rug or blanket doused with water.如果受害者的衣服烧着了，他应躺下不动并用浸湿的毯子裹住自己。

7.She cut her finger badly and it was bleeding heavily.她的手指被严重割伤，血流不止。

8.She fell down from the bike and broke her arm.她从自行车上摔了下来，伤了胳膊。

9.He badly sprained his ankle,grimacing in pain.他严重扭伤了脚踝，疼得龇牙咧嘴。

10.She is choking on a fish bone.她被鱼刺卡住并导致窒息。

11.He was taken to the hospital for a snake bite.他因遭蛇咬而被送往医院。

12.I believe that having some firstaid knowledge is important,because it helps us protect ourselves better.我认为掌握一定的急救知识是很重要的，因为它能帮助我们更好地保护自己。

13.Knowing a little first-aid knowledge could be life-saving if you see someone lying unconscious.如果你看见有人晕倒，知道一些急救知识可以挽救生命。

14.Too often people don't do anything because they think they will kill the patient,but by learning simple rules you could make a difference between life and death.通常人们什么都不做，因为他们认为自己的做法可能会害死病人。但是学习一些简单的措施你就可能可以救死扶伤了。

15.If there are no signs of life—no obvious pulse and their heart is not beating,call an ambulance and then start CPR to maintain a flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart.如果没有明显的脉搏和心脏跳动，那就是没有生命迹象了。此时要立刻叫救护车并开始心肺复苏以保持含氧血液在大脑和心脏之间流通。

16.If there is no response at all,you need to establish if they are dead or just unconscious—sometimes it's very difficult to tell the difference.如果没有回应，你需要确定他们是死了还是仅仅是晕过去了，虽然有时这很难分辨清楚。

Ⅲ.主题写作

假定你是李华，在上体育课打篮球时，你的同学刘强摔倒并骨折，于是你对他实施了必要的急救。请你就此事，用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：

1.事件发生的经过；

2.你是如何实施急救的。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。