ABSTRACTS

01 Green-washing America’s Hegemony: The Biden Administration’s Military Climate Strategy and Its Impact, by Zhang Rui, Research Fellow at the Economics and Technology Research Institute of GEIDCO.Since the Biden administration took office, the US military has issued a number of climate strategy reports in a short span of time, and built an unprecedented strategic framework covering all services and various fields.For the first time, “adaptation” and “mitigation” are listed as two core objectives, and the three services respectively put forward specific quantitative mitigation objectives.The real motives of the Biden administration include coping with climate risks, enhancing the US military’s combat power, boosting the development of green industries,suppressing rivals and attracting allies, green-washing the image of the United States, and shaping geopolitical landscape rather than addressing the climate crises.In the future, the US military is expected to make progress in adaptation, but it is rather difficult to produce practical results in mitigation, mainly due to the military’s lack of substantive determination to shift to clean energy, prominent obstacles at the technical level, and some possible counter-productive effects wrought by certain actions.It is foreseeable that the United States will continue to expand its military hegemony, climate hegemony and green economy hegemony, and pursue mutual support among the three hegemonic identities, to continue to complicate and fragment global climate governance.The devastating impact of the US military’s climate strategy on the international order will gradually become apparent.

25 Strategic Environment, Policy Objectives and Inherent Contradictions-- An Analysis of the Biden Administration’s Climate Policy, by Zhang Jian, Executive Director at the Low Carbon Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua University; Chen Yunxuan, Doctoral Student at the School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University; and Zhang Yinuo, Undergraduate Student at the School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University.What is the strategic motivation for the Biden administration’s climate policy as an important part of its platform? How is its current execution? This paper establishes an analytical framework that includes strategic environment and political traditions, policy objectives and measures, and implementation effects and inherent contradictions, in order to make a comprehensive analysis of the Biden administration’s climate policy.This paper argues that rebuilding global leadership,boosting domestic economic and industrial development, and containing the expansion of China’s influence are the three strategic goals of Biden’s climate policy.But under the impact of domestic political polarization,the Biden administration’s initiatives have met great difficulties in the executive, legislative and judicial branches.In the future, two sets of contradictions inherent in the Biden administration’s climate policy will further limit the materialization and implementation of its plan.

51 The US Coast Guard’s Practice of Engaging in Competition with China and Its Implications (2015-2023), by Kuang Lasheng, Associate Research Fellow from the PLA Academy of Military Sciences.The US Coast Guard, as the only independent service responsible for integrated coastal law enforcement and homeland defense in the United States, has shifted its functional focus to participating in the great power competition between China and the United States and acts as the maritime “vanguard” force to contain China, under the name of “maritime law enforcement” and sharing the Navy’s “Freedom of Navigation Program”, in order to implement the US great power competition strategy of containing and suppressing China, change its weak position among all US services,and make up for the shortcomings of the United States in high-end competition with China.The US Coast Guard has actively participated in the competition with China by using “smart power” to win the victory in the low-end field of competition such as maritime law enforcement, which will not only seriously intensify regional maritime contradictions, but also threaten the regional security situation, including the risk of triggering a local maritime war between the US and China.In addition, the US Coast Guard’s participation in the competition with China also faces many challenges and problems, thus uneasy for it to successfully achieve its purpose and intent.

76 An Analysis of the Theory and Practice of “Hybrid War” in the Context of the Ukraine Crisis, by Xu Shuyue, Doctoral Student at the Department of Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs Management, China Foreign Affairs University; and Gao Fei, Vice President of China Foreign Affairs University and Professor at the Department of Diplomacy and Foreign Affairs Management, China Foreign Affairs University.The theory of “hybrid war” has broken the uni-dimensional military boundary of war and conflict, and embodies the multi-dimensional and multi-domain characteristics of modern war.In the ongoing Ukraine crisis, the Western camp led by the United States and Russia have launched a comprehensive and all-field “hybrid war” against each other, in a great effort to coordinate traditional military means with cyber warfare, information warfare and economic warfare, and comprehensively mobilize all available resources,to achieve their respective strategic goals.As the main direction of the change of the current war form, “hybrid war” presents a new development trend of involving various epochal technologies, strong systematic ambiguity and great destruction on rules, which is an important reflection of the unprecedented change in a hundred years in the field of war.With the continuous expansion of the means of “hybrid war”, the boundary between war and peace is gradually broken, the extension of war and conflict is increasingly blurred, the existing rules of war as well as world peace and development are greatly challenged, and the uncertainty facing the international system or order is further intensified.

97 The Japanese Factor in the Process of China’s Accession to the CPTPP, by Zhang Yongtao, Associate Professor at the School of Foreign Studies, Shandong University of Finance and Economics.In the process of China’s accession to the CPTPP, China has encountered some difficulties,among which the Japanese factor needs to be paid special attention to.As the so-called “leading country”, Japan has a strong voice in the CPTPP and plays an important role in promoting the expansion mechanism and other major matters.Regarding China’s accession to this cooperation mechanism, Japan’s position has undergone an obvious transformation process, which reflects a strong realism.At present, Japan’s negative attitude on the grounds that China is difficult to meet all the rules and requirements of the CPTPP is more out of political, economic, diplomatic and deep-seated strategic considerations.Japan’s move will not only hinder China’s promotion of the FTA upgrading strategy, but also undermine the integrated development of the Asia-Pacific economy.It could even have a negative impact on its own economy.China should formulate an integrated strategy, both macro and micro, focusing on overall consideration and coordination at the macro level, and looking at and analyzing the Japanese factor from a higher level.At the micro level, the main goal is to solve the prominent problems encountered in the process of China’s accession to the CPTPP as soon as possible, and actively think about countermeasures based on actual situation such as the negative response of individual member countries represented by Japan to the issues of provisions and rules.

118 Australia’s Ideological Containment of China and Its Impact, by Li Hang, Doctoral Student at the Institute of International Relations, China Foreign Affairs University.Since 2017, Australia has actively contained China by playing up the “China threat theory”, hyping up political issues related to Hong Kong and Xinjiang, promoting the “politicization” and “securitization” of economic and trade issues, strengthening the ideological color of its South Pacific strategy, and cooperating with the transformation of the “US-Australia values alliance”.The reason why its policy towards China gradually shows a strong ideological color is due to the highly bound US-Australia relationship, its increasingly negative perception of China, and its intention to cater to the growing conservative domestic political atmosphere.Australia’s ideological containment of China helps to improve its participation in international affairs, but it also strengthens its autonomy dilemma, intensifies the ideological conflict between China and Australia, aggravates the deterioration of bilateral relations, and affects the peace and stability of the “Indo-Pacific” region.In this regard, China needs to properly cope with various problems and challenges, actively shape the interest relationship with Australia, and constantly promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind

138 Meritocracy and Long-term Governance from the Perspective of Party Adaptability -- Based on the Experience of the People’s Action Party of Singapore, by Wang Yihua, Assistant Research Fellow at the Institute of Contemporary Taiwan Studies, Fujian Academy of Social Sciences; and Dr.Guo Jianfeng at the Institute of Taiwan Studies, Xiamen University.The political practice and development in Singapore fully interprets the meaning of “good leaders lead to good politics”, and the formation and development of the institutionalization of elite governance is an important window to observe and understand the development path of Singapore.Since its first national leader Lee Kuan Yew, the People’s Action Party has formed a relatively mature, systematic and unique working mechanism in selecting and training political successors and their teams as well as the handover of power.This has improved the adaptability of the People’s Action Party, which not only maintains the long-term ruling status of the party, but also ensures the continuity and stability of various major policies in Singapore.Different from the stable development environment for the party in the past, in the new round of generation transition, the rise of opposition parties, the global economic crisis, the public health issues and regional security risks in the post-epidemic era as well as other challenges are becoming major election problems that the fourth generation of leadership team of the People’s Action Party with Lawrence Wong as the head has to face.At the same time, whether Singapore’s elite governance mechanism can continue to advance in response to changes in the situation has become the key to observe the party’s ability to enhance its long-term governance capability.