GUIDE FOR AUTHORS

INTRODUCTION

Types of paper

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication: Original research papers, reviews and short communications.

Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Ethics in publishing

For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.

Conflict of interest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conf lict of interest including any fi nancial,personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately inf luence, or be perceived to inf luence, their work.See also http://www.elsevier.com/conf lictsofi nterest.

Submission declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

Changes to authorship

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confi rmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement.In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confi rmation from the author being added or removed.Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above.Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.

Copyrig ht

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’.Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author with a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ form or a link to the online version of this agreement.If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article

Author rights

As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work.For more information on author rights please see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright.

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who provided fi nancial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to brief ly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.

Open access

Earthquake Research Advancesis a peer reviewed open access journal.To provide open access, this journal has an open access fee (also known as an article publishing charge APC) which needs to be paid by the authors or on their behalf e.g., by their research funder or institution.The Article Processing Charge (APC) for this journal is USD 800, excluding taxes.For original submissions before 31st December 2021, Earthquake Research Advances is offering a 20% discount offthe APC, that is USD 640 excluding taxes.A CC user license manages the reuse of the article (see http://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses).All articles will be published under the following license:Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs(CC BY-NC-ND) For noncommercial purposes, lets others distribute and copy the article, and to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), as long as they credit the author(s) and provided they do not alter or modify the article.

Language and language services

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these).Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and postsubmission please visit http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageediting or our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com for more information.

Submiss ion

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online.Use the following guidelines to prepare your article.Via the homepage of this journal (http://www.keaipublishing.com/EQREA) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files.The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process.Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process,these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.All correspondence, including notif ication of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author’s homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.If you are unable to provide an electronic version, please contact the editorial office prior to submission (E-mail: era-2021@outlook.com;era@seis.ac.cn.Tel: 010-58034057; 58034056)

Additional information

Tables and fi gures may be presented with captions within the main body of the manuscript; if so, figures should additionally be uploaded as high-resolution fi les.

PREPARA TION

Editorial Policies

For information on Editorial Policies for journal publication refer to http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/authors-and-editors/editorial-policies/

Peer re view

This journal operates adoubleblind review process.All contributions are sent to aminimum of two independentexpert reviewers to assess the scientif ic quality of the paper.The Editor is responsible for the fi nal decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles.The Editor’s decision is fi nal.For more information on the types of peer review, please visit: https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/peer-review.

Use of word processing software

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used.The text should be in single-column format.Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible.Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article.In particular, do not use the wordprocessor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words.However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row.If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts(see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).Note that source fi les of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text.See also the section on Electronic illustrations.To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the“spell-check” and “grammar-check” functions of your wordprocessor.

LaTeX

If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text.The article should preferably be written using Elsevier’s document class “elsarticle”,or alternatively any of the other recognized classes and formats supported in Elsevier’s electronic submissions system, for further information see http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/latexees-supported.The Elsevier “elsarticle” LaTeX style file package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Quickguide: http://www.elsevier.com/latex.It consists of the file: elsarticle.cls, complete user documentation for the class file,bibliographic style files in various styles, and template files for a quick start.

Article Str ucture

FORM

Please prepares your manuscript in the following order:Title page, Abstract, Key words, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments,References, Tables, Figure legends and Figures.For fi rst submissions (i.e.not revised manuscripts), authors may incorporate the manuscript text and figures into a single file.ONLY the following file types can be uploaded for Article text: txt, doc, docx, tex.

Headings and Sub-headings

Except for special names (e.g.ATP), capitalize only the fi rst letter of headings and subheadings.Headings and subheadings need to be defi ned in Times New Roman,12 point, bold

Text

The body text is in 12 point normal Times New Roman.New paragraphs will be separated with a single empty line.The entire document should be 1.5 line-spaced and should contain page and line numbers in order to facilitate the review process.Your manuscript should be written using either LaTeX or MS-Word.PLEASE NOTE:All manuscripts must include page and line numbers.

Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods

Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher.Methods that are already published should be summarized,and indicated by a reference.If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source.Any modifi cations to existing methods should also be described.

Results

Results should be clear and concise.This section may be divided by subheadings and cover the key fi ndings of the study.Footnotes should not be used and have to be transferred into the main text.

Discussion

This should explore the signif icance of the results of the work, not repeat them.A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Appendices

If there is more than one appendix, they should be identifi ed as A, B, etc.Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq.(A.1), Eq.(A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq.(B.1) and so on.Similarly for tables and fi gures: Table A.1; Fig.A.1, etc.

ESSENTIAL TITLE PAGE INFORMATION

•Title.Concise and informative.Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems.Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.Capitalize only the fi rst letter except for special names and in 16 point bold Times New Roman font at the top of page.Abbreviations should be avoided within the title.The maximum article title length is 20 words.

•Author names and affiliations.Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),please indicate this clearly.Present the authors’affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address.Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

•Corresponding author.Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.

•Present/permanent address.If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a “Present address” (or “Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name.The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address.Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

•Running title.A shortened version of the title for use as a running head (maximum 8 characters).

•Word count.Number of words for the whole manuscript.

•Keywords.5-8 keywords for use in indexing.

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required.The abstract should state brief ly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions.An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone.For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s).Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be def ined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords

Authors are invited to submit 5-8 keywords associated with their paper.

Abbreviations

Defi ne abbreviations that are not standard in this fi eld in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article.Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be def ined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote.Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore,include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Nomenclature and Units

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions:use the international system of units (SI).If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.Authors wishing to present a table of nomenclature should do so on the second page of their manuscript.

Math Formulae

Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y.In principle, variables are to be presented in italics.Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly.Number them consecutively throughout the article.Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used.Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

ARTWORK

Electronic artwork

General points

•Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.

•Save text in illustrations as“graphics”or enclose the font.

•Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:Arial,Courier,Times,Symbol.

•Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. o Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.

•Provide captions to illustrations separately.

•Individual figures should not be longer than one page(21 cm)and with a width that corresponds to 1 column(85 mm)or 2 columns(170 mm).

•Submit each figure as a separate file.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats

Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is fi nalized, please “save as” or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones,and line/halftone combinations given below):

EPS: Vector drawings.Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”.

TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.

TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.

TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.

If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply “as is”

Please do not:

•Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;

•Supply fi les that are too low in resolution;

•Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color Artwork

Please make sure that artwork fi les are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office fi les)and with the correct resolution.If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color fi gures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these fi gures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article.Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only.Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.

Figure Legends

Figure legends are required to have the same font as the main text (12 point normal Times New Roman,1.5 line-spaced).Legends should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example “Figure 1”.It should be placed at the end of the manuscript (for supplementary images you must include the caption with fi gure,uploaded as a separate file).Figure legends should be brief and should not contain methods.Please use only a single paragraph for the legend.Figure panels are referred to by bold capital letters in brackets: (A), (B),(C), (D), etc.Symbols indicted in the figure must be identifi ed in the legend text.Abbreviations and error bars must also be def ined.If fi gures are reprinted from another source, permission to reprint is required.

Tables

Tables should be inserted at the end of the manuscript.Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.Provide a title for each table.Include table legends and footnotes where needed.Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters.Avoid vertical rules.Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

References

Citation in te xt

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa).Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full.Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either“Unpublished results” or “Personal communication”Citation of a reference as “in press” implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Web references

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed.Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates,reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.Web references can be listed separately (e.g.,after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

References in a special issue

Please ensure that the words ‘this issue’ are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text)to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference management software

This journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote ( http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp) and Reference Manager ( http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp).Using plug-ins to word processing packages, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below.

Reference Style

Text: All citations in the text should refer to:

1. Single author: the author’s name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;

2. Two authors: both authors’ names and the year of publication;

3. Three or more authors: first author’s name followed by “et al.,” and the year of publication.

Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically).Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically,then chronologically.Examples: “as demonstrated(Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995;Max et al., 2018).Kramer et al.(2000) have recently shown ....” List: References should be arranged fi rst alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary.List only fi rst 10 authors and followed by et al.More than one reference from the same author(s)in the same year must be identifi ed by the letters “a”,“b”, “c”, etc., placed after the year of publication.

Examples:

Reference to a journal publication:

Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000.The art of writing a scientif ic article.J.Sci.Commun.163, 51-59.doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq051.

Reference to a book:

Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979.The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.Reference to a chapter in an edited book:

Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999.How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S.,Smith , R.Z.(Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age.E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp.281-304.

Journal Abbreviations Source

Journal names should be abbreviated according to Index Medicus journal

abbreviations: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html; List of title word

abbreviations: http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWAonline.php; CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service): http://www.cas.org/sent.html.

Supplementary Material

Earthquake Research Advancesdo not support pushing important results and information into supplementary sections.However, data that are not of primary importance to the text, or which cannot be included in the article because it is too large or the current format does not permit it (such as movies, raw data traces,power point presentations, etc.) can be uploaded during the submission procedure and will be displayed along with the published article.

The Supplementary Material can be uploaded as Data Sheet (word, excel, csv, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip fi les), Presentation (power point, pdf or zip fi les),Supplementary Image (cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tif),Supplementary Table (word, excel, csv or pdf), Audio(mp3, wav or wma) or Video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4,mpeg, mpg or wmv).

Supplementary material is not typeset.Please ensure that all information is clearly presented, the appropriate caption is included in the file and not in the manuscript, and that the style conforms to the rest of the article.

Cover letter

Cover Letter is required to the Editor when you submit your manuscript.The title of the manuscript, the article type must be indicated in the fi rst paragraph.You must also state that the manuscript has not been submitted for publication elsewhere; any closely related works submitted for consideration in other publications should be noted and you may be asked to provide a copy.A short description of the signif icance of the manuscript is essential as well.Cover Letter should frame the question(s) you have addressed in your work in the context of the current body of knowledge,providing evidence that the fi ndings -whether positive or negative - contribute to progress in your research discipline.This will assist the Chief Editors to determine whether your manuscript fi ts within the scope of a specialty as def ined in its mission statement.A detailed Cover Letter will also facilitate the identif ication of the Editors and Reviewers most appropriate to evaluate your work, ultimately expediting your manuscript’s initial consideration.Reviewers can also be recommending in the letter to help Editors make choice.

Materials and data release policy

Authors are required to agree and make all materials and protocols in their published work freely available to qualif ied researchers.Authors are encouraged to deposit biological materials such as cell lines, plasmid constructs and genetically modifi ed organisms in an established public repository.If materials are held in repositories or if a third-party distribution agreement is in place, then the distributor name and location should be included in the manuscript.

All data and supporting data sets from a publication must be available to the broader community from the date of publication through publicly available databases.When using public databases, the entry name/I-D or accession number must be referred to in the Materials and Methods section of the relevant paper.

Submission checklist

The following list will be useful during the fi nal checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for review.Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.

Ensure that the following items are present:

One Author designated as corresponding Author:

•E-mail address

•Full postal address

•Telephone and fax numbers All necessary files have been uploaded

•Keywords

•All figure captions

•All tables (including title, description, footnotes)Further considerations

•Manuscript has been “spellchecked” and “grammarchecked”

•References are in the correct format for this journal

•All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa

•Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)

•Color fi gures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge)and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web(free of charge) and in black-and-white in print

•If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions of the fi gures are also supplied for printing purposes

•Supplementary materialFor any further information please visit our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com.

AFTER ACCEPTANCE

Use of the Digital Object Identifier

The Digital Object Identif ier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents.The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication.The assigned DOI never changes.Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document,particularly ‘Articles in press’ because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows(example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B): doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059

When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.

Proofs

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or,a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves.Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7(or higher) available free from http://get.adobe.com/reader.Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online).The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/systemreqs.If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form)and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail.Please list your corrections quoting line number.If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and fi gures.Signifi cant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately - please let ushave all your corrections within 48 hours.It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying,as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed.Proofreading is solely your responsibility.Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

AUTHOR INQUIRIES

For inquiries relating to the submission of articles(including electronic submission) please visit this journal’s homepage.Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.You can also check our Author FAQs( http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via http://support.elsevier.com.