Teaching Reform and Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine Course Based on National Standard and Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in All Courses

Li LI, Huazhen QIN, Shuang LIANG, Wenfang MA, Hua ZHU

Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, China

Abstract Under the new situation, how to integrate the ideological and political theories teaching in all courses for Chinese medicine major and meet the requirements of national standards for teaching quality, improve the training quality of Chinese medicine talents and strengthen the connotative development of Chinese medicine higher education are urgent issues to be solved in Chinese medicine colleges. This paper introduces the practical experience of teaching reform of traditional Chinese medicine courses based on national standards of teaching quality and ideological and political theories teaching in all courses from the aspects of curriculum setting, teaching content, teaching methods and teaching practice, which can provide reference for teaching reform of other professional courses based on national standards of teaching quality and ideological and political theories teaching in all courses.

Key words Chinese medicine major, Teaching reform, Ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, National standard of teaching quality

1 Introduction

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities held in December 2016[1]: "Ideological and political work in colleges and universities is related to the fundamental problem of what kind of people colleges and universities train, how to train people and for whom to train talents. We should persist in taking moral education as the central link, carry out ideological and political work throughout the whole process of education and teaching, realize the whole-process and all-round education, and strive to create a new situation for the development of higher education in China. And He pointed out: "All courses should take responsibility and perform their functions, so that all kinds of courses and ideological and political theory courses can walk in the same direction and form a synergistic effect." In 2017, theImplementationOutlineoftheQualityImprovementProjectofIdeologicalandPoliticalWorkinCollegesandUniversitiesissued by the Party Group of the Ministry of Education of the Communist Party of China[2]pointed out: "We will vigorously promote the classroom teaching reform with the goal of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, sort out the ideological and political education elements contained in various professional courses and the ideological and political education functions carried by them, integrate them into all aspects of classroom teaching, and realize the organic unity of ideological and political education and knowledge system education." In May 2020, the Ministry of Education issued theGuidingOutlineofConstructionofIdeologicalandPoliticalTheoriesTeachinginAllCoursesinCollegesandUniversities[3], which put forward: "The ideological and political education should run through the talent training system, comprehensively promote the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, give full play to the educational role of each course, and improve the quality of talent training in colleges and universities". In recent years, colleges and universities have actively responded to the requirements of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, and comprehensively promoted the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in all courses in colleges and universities. Chinese medicine is a discipline with Chinese traditional medicine characteristics formed by summing up the experience of clinical disease prevention and treatment in the long-term production and life practice of the Chinese nation[4]. Chinese medicine is an advantageous major in Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, and it was approved as a national first-class undergraduate major construction site in 2020. Based on traditional culture, exploring and developing quality education for college students with Chinese medicine characteristics by using original thinking of Chinese medicine will not only help students to fully and accurately grasp the theoretical system of Chinese medicine, but also enable students to fully meet the training requirements in knowledge, ability, emotional attitude and values, and become qualified Chinese medicine professionals[5].

In 2018, the Ministry of Education issued theNationalStandardforTeachingQualityofUndergraduateMajorsinCollegesandUniversities[4](hereinafter referred to as the National Standard), which clearly stated the training objectives: graduates majoring in Chinese medicine can engage in the production, inspection and pharmaceutical service of Chinese medicine, and have development potential in the industries of Chinese medicine education, research, management, circulation, international exchange and cultural communication. The promulgation of National Standard provides a road map for the development of education and teaching in colleges and universities, provides a basis for the guidance and management of the Ministry of Education, and plans a blueprint for the high-quality and rapid development of higher education in China[6]. This standard highlights the three characteristics of "keeping the bottom line, ensuring qualification and pursuing excellence"[7], which is the guiding principle of education and teaching in colleges and universities across the country. Strengthening the connotative development of Chinese medicine higher education and improving the quality of Chinese medicine talent training are the needs of promoting the modernization of Chinese medicine and providing better medical and health care services for the people. In addition, the National Standard also emphasizes that colleges and universities should combine their own positioning with characteristics to create their own characteristics[8]. It is of great practical significance and long-term strategic significance to deepen the curriculum system reform of Chinese medicine major, improve the competence of Chinese medicine talents and meet the needs of society for high-level and high-quality Chinese medicine talents[9].

The following will mainly introduce the teaching reform and exploration experience of Chinese medicine courses in Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine around the national standards of teaching quality and ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, in order to provide reference for the reform practice of other professional courses under the new situation.

2 Distinctive features of curriculum

According to the requirements of the national standard, graduates majoring in Chinese medicine should also have Chinese medicine thinking and Chinese traditional culture knowledge, and have the ability to inherit traditional Chinese medicine theory and technology. Therefore, Introduction to Chinese Medicine, Chinese Traditional Culture and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Selected Readings of Materia Medica Classics and other courses with Chinese medicine characteristics have been added to the curriculum. In addition, there are colorful special lectures, subject knowledge contests, campus cultural activities, social practice, public welfare activities and other second classes to strengthen the cultivation of students’ Chinese medicine thinking and promote Chinese medicine culture. It is necessary to encourage students to participate in all kinds of activities. On the basis of all-round development, students can not only increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons, but also train their organization ability and adaptability in activities.

Guangxi is located in the south of China, which is an autonomous region inhabited by many ethnic groups. The theory and diagnosis and treatment technology of minority medicine are very distinctive and are a part of Chinese traditional culture. In Guangxi, Zhuang and Yao are ethnic minorities with a large population, and Zhuang and Yao medicine accumulated in the process of production and life is one of the important components of traditional medicine in China. Zhuang medicine theory takes "three qi synchronization, three channels and two ways, viscera, flesh and blood" as the core, and the prescription is determined for use according to the theory of combining male herbs, female herbs, guiding drugs and adjuvants. Yao medicine theory is centered on "ternary harmony theory, balance theory and qi theory", and Yao medicine is divided into Wuhu, Jiuniu, Shibazuan, Qishierfeng,etc.Zhuang and Yao medicine is very popular in the local area, and it is still one of the main health resources for the broad masses of the people to prevent and cure diseases and ensure their health. Therefore, based on the advantages of Guangxi traditional Chinese medicine resources and diverse medical resources of ethnic minorities, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine has added courses such as Introduction to Zhuang Medicine, Zhuang Medicine, Zhuang Medicine Resources and Introduction to Yao Medicine to make students familiar with the relevant knowledge of Zhuang and Yao Medicine. While carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture, we should cultivate students’ national self-confidence, cultural self-confidence and professional self-confidence, train more high-quality Chinese medicine talents meeting the national quality standards, and train outstanding talents for the development of Zhuang and Yao medicine and the big health industry in Guangxi.

3 The teaching content keeping pace with the times

Due to the rapid development of science and technology, scientific research achievements are constantly emerging. Traditional Chinese medicine is a complex with multiple components, multiple targets and multiple functions. With the continuous development of technology, the research on the components and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine is deepening and increasingly clear. According to the National Standard, the new knowledge, new achievements and new technologies formed during the development of Chinese medicine industry are introduced into the teaching content, the existing teaching reform achievements are integrated, and the cultivation of students’ innovative spirit, practical ability and entrepreneurial ability is emphasized. It is one of the technical goals of Chinese medicine major to have the basic ability to use modern science and technology and methods to carry out scientific research on Chinese medicine.

Therefore, new achievements and knowledge are introduced into the teaching content, so as to cultivate students’ innovative ideas and encourage students to explore and climb the peak bravely. In the teaching contents of the core courses of Chinese medicine, the introduction to high-quality resources with Guangxi regional characteristics such as "Guishiwei" and 31 kinds of medicinal materials with Guangxi regional characteristics is added, and the contents of resources, identification, chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy and indications or functions are organically integrated into classroom teaching, so as to cultivate students’ native land emotion and point out the future development direction for students. In the teaching of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine, the introduction to Qingfei Paidu Decoction, Huashi Baidu Decoction and Xuanfei Baidu Decoction for treating novel coronavirus pneumonia is added, so that students can learn the related knowledge of Chinese medicine and enhance their confidence in the development of Chinese medicine. The course Identification of Chinese Medicine" adds the content of molecular pharmacognosy, and introduces the most cutting-edge knowledge of identification of traditional Chinese medicine, to broaden the horizon for students and enhance their academic level and scientific and technological innovation ability. At the same time, teachers of the core courses of Chinese medicine are encouraged to integrate their scientific research achievements or experiences into the teaching content. Taking teachers’ own experiences as an example, it not only enriches the class content, but also easily strikes a chord and achieves better teaching results.

4 Multiple teaching methods

Taking students as the center is the basic requirement of cultivating talents in colleges and universities at present, and it is also the development direction of university teaching reform[10]. In order to embody the "student-centered" teaching idea, the traditional teaching methods are changed, and the strategies of discovery teaching and situational teaching are adopted to stimulate students’ curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully mobilize students’ enthusiasm and initiative, and improve students’ ability to find and solve problems. In terms of teaching methods, we should change the mode of teaching dominated by teachers, connect teaching methods such as lecturing, classroom flipping, operation and practice, demonstration, discussion, group cooperation and self-evaluation, make full use of the teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction links in the classroom to arouse students’ active thinking, so that students can really participate in the class instead of just being listeners. It can make the dull classroom lively, and make the boring theoretical knowledge learning interesting, to improve classroom efficiency and teaching quality.

With the progress of science and technology, the development of modern educational technology is changing with each passing day, and the teaching modes and teaching means are constantly updated, so that the teaching method is no longer too simple. With the construction of first-class courses in Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, many professional courses of Chinese medicine are included in the construction of first-class courses. For example, Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine, Identification of Chinese Medicine, Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Medicine Preparation Analysis,etc.are taught by online and offline mixed teaching mode. For teaching resources, the course team can record class videos, or we can make use of the resources already available on the online learning platform of Chinese University MOOC-National High-quality Courses, especially the resources of national high-quality courses, and release relevant teaching videos, exercises, discussions and other teaching materials with the help of teaching auxiliary platforms such as Rain Classroom, MOOC, Duifene and QQ Classroom. We should carry out online teaching supervision and quality evaluation, online education and teaching overall effect evaluation and analysis and other teaching links. According to students’ online learning situation, teachers can solve doubts and sort out knowledge points offline, set up assessment to consolidate students’ mastery of knowledge points and effectively improve students’ autonomous learning ability, to improve learning efficiency and better complete teaching objectives.

5 Multiple strengthening of practice links

Teaching practice is a necessary teaching link in the course of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to adapt to the social development and meet the needs of professional posts, it is necessary to strengthen students’ practical operation ability, focus on cultivating the ability to discover, analyze and solve problems, and carry out a series of reforms in the teaching practice for Chinese medicine major. First, it is necessary to optimize the experiments in the course, and increase the content of design experiment. We can give a theme to let students consult relevant literature reports in the way of team cooperation, design specific operation scheme according to the learned knowledge and principle, and complete it in the experiment class after passing the examination by teachers, so as to improve students’ subjective initiative and cultivate students’ sense of team cooperation and innovative spirit. We can make full use of the virtual simulation experiment platform——Guangxi Common Medicinal Plant Identification and Simulation Experiment System, Guangxi Clinical Common Chinese and Zhuang Medicine Virtual Simulation Experiment System, Chinese Herbal Pieces Identification System, "Zhuang Medicine" Field Medicine Recognition Digital Teaching System for teaching, and open the system after class for students to practice by themselves, so as to enhance students’ practical ability. The second is to adjust the content of comprehensive training course. In addition to strengthening the content of the experiment in the course, it also adds the content in line with the actual work, and carries out special practical training on traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine processing, traditional Chinese medicine identification and so on. Through training in GMP workshop of traditional Chinese medicine, training room of processing Chinese herbal pieces, identification room of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and other characteristic professional exhibition halls, we can strengthen practical ability and cultivate the ability to comprehensively apply professional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine. Third, it is necessary to implement and strengthen the internship link, including post practice, pre-intern skills training, graduation practice (including graduation thesis and production practice), to let students go to pharmaceutical enterprises, drug control institutes, hospital pharmacy departments, drug circulation institutions, pharmaceutical preparation bases and other units to carry out internship, understand the actual work contents of posts related to their majors, acquire relevant professional skills and certain operational ability in practice, and consolidate the relevant knowledge of Chinese medicine majors.

6 Conclusion

Taking the national standard of teaching quality as the basic program, we should adhere to the principle of "characteristics for inheritance, foundation for innovation and capabilities for service" for training professionals of traditional Chinese medicine, integrate ideological and political theories teaching in all courses, and strengthen curriculum construction and integration. This paper mainly carries out the exploration and practice of teaching reform from the aspects of curriculum, teaching contents, teaching methods and practical links. It is necessary to strengthen the cultural education of traditional Chinese medicine, give full play to the advantages of minority medical resources, promote the all-round development of students and make them adapt to the needs of posts, comprehensively improve the training quality of talents of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the connotative development of higher education of traditional Chinese medicine.