奏响艺术乡建的“共富曲”

文/ 沈听雨

“暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。”历经数千年的发展和沉淀，作为中华民族厚重历史的载体，中国的乡村是家园，更是回望乡愁的归处。

一草一木，牵动人心；故土故人，最难忘怀。

古今中外，艺术与乡村似乎有着天然密切的联系。让乡村焕发勃勃生机，艺术大有可为。艺术乡建，正为乡村发展带来更多可能。

当代艺术家渠岩曾如此定义艺术乡建：“今天，艺术家开始走进乡村，不是去寻找田园牧歌，也不是去寄托无尽的乡愁，而是通过行动去链接传统的文脉，通过艺术促进乡村的复苏，使乡村在现代社会中复活。”

这十年，浙江各地持续深入挖掘当地文化资源，引导社会文艺力量和艺术家参与乡村建设，以“美”为媒、以“艺”为介，为艺术乡村、乡村艺术贡献力量，让新时代乡村也能“望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁”。

2022年，浙江省文联更是明确要推进“艺术乡建”工作，发动全省文学艺术界用文艺方式激活乡村资源。如今， “艺术乡建”正成为浙江探索艺术共建模式、助力乡村振兴的重要特色品牌。

“一村一品”，让乡村更美

悠久的历史长河中，不同的物候禀赋与文脉变迁，孕育出村落民居不同的风貌与样式。

在宁波市宁海县葛家村，中国人民大学艺术学院副教授丛志强与15名来自法国等国的外国艺术师生交流宁海“艺术振兴乡村”模式，并体验竹编等传统手工技艺。徐铭怿/摄Cong Zhiqiang (first on the left), an associate professor from the School of Art from Renmin University of China, pays a visit to Gejia village in Ninghai county, Ningbo city with international students, who try their hand on bamboo weaving and other traditional crafts. Photo by Xu Mingyi.

在宁波市宁海县前童镇大郑村的大樟树下,中国人民大学艺术学院“艺乡建”团队的陈炯教授带领三名研究生，和村民一起创作艺术作品《共生》。徐铭怿/摄The “Yi Xiang Jian” (“Art Activates the Construction of Beautiful Village”) team led by Chen Jiong, a professor from the School of Art from Renmin University of China,creates an art installation titled “Coexistence” with villagers in front of a camphor tree in Dazheng village, Ninghai county, Ningbo city. Photo by Xu Mingyi.

这意味着，艺术介入乡村建设后进行的设计与改造，要灵活变通、一村一品，避免陷入生搬硬套、千村一面的困境。

浙江的乡村，在历史发展中培育和积淀了俊逸的吴越文化神韵和灵秀的江南水乡风格，处处散发着江南韵味。

步入位于温州市鹿城区的樟里村，映入眼帘的是一幅幅壁画。在这里，几乎每座房子的墙上、窗上、门上都有江南水乡的手绘画，小桥流水、杨柳依依，如诗如画、美轮美奂。以水乡景色为主题的壁画和村庄景色相互衬托，意蕴深厚。

漫步于此，俨然就是人在画中游，悠闲、惬意。

难以想象，几年前，这里还是一个名不见经传的农村，由于留守老人众多，一些房屋长期无人居住，年久失修，破败不堪。

村庄焕发生机的背后，是鹿城区文联联手相关部门，通过艺术“搭台”，让乡村“雅”起来。

“我们通过‘涂鸦艺术’点亮了乡村风貌。” 樟里村有关负责人表示，结合村庄环境治理，同步推进村容村貌美化、艺术化改造，樟里村引进了80多位艺术家聚集于此，以村里的居民房作为天然画布，通过涂鸦、墙绘、壁画等形式，为村庄“化妆添彩”。

不仅如此，樟里村是浙南著名侨乡，村里部分建筑为哥特式风格，尤其是村内的文化礼堂，已有一百多年的历史。依托这一文化特色，艺术家们在改造过程中，保持了原建筑风格，又通过增设构架、围挡格栅、更新门窗等进行建筑立面改造。

如今，整个村庄脱胎换骨，焕发新生，先后获评全国文明村、省美丽乡村精品示范村、省休闲旅游示范村等，成为远近闻名的乡村游网红打卡点。

同样因画而兴的，还有嘉兴市秀洲区的菱珑湾。不同的是，这里的画是农民画。

菱珑湾位于嘉兴市秀洲区油车港镇银杏天鹅湖与西千亩荡之间的胜丰村，是一个典型的江南水乡村落，境内河湖密布、水网纵横交错，处处可见小桥、流水、人家的鱼米之乡风情。

省级非物质文化遗产秀洲农民画，这里是重要发源地之一。菱珑湾以秀洲农民画作为文化标签，搭配船、渔等水乡特色文化贯穿村庄景观节点，重现水乡原生态的生活方式，打造了具有浓浓人情味的水上艺术村落。

在浙江，这样的乡村还有许多。走访过程中，我们发现一个内在规律：乡村的文化根脉，正是乡村振兴的源头活水。

因此，实施艺术乡建，让艺术介入乡村，并不是简单的硬性植入，也不是外在的表演和教诲，而是因地制宜地诱发和培植乡村内在文化因子的发育和成长。

慈溪市文艺村长驻村辅导村戏曲团队排练。A resident opera singer (first on the left) instructs a village troupe in Cixi city,a county-level city in Ningbo city.

绍兴驻村艺术家、诸暨市戏剧家协会主席卓秋萍为十里坪乡村艺术团排练西路乱弹（地方戏曲剧种之一）的原创小戏。赵芳/摄Zhuo Qiuping (second on the left), a resident artist and president of Zhuji City Theater Association, instructs a village troupe on opera singing in Shiliping village, Zhuji city, a county-level city in Shaoxing city. Photo by Zhao Fang.

只有在尊重乡村传统文脉和地域精神的基础上融入当代元素，这样的乡村美才能既被当地村民接受，又彰显时代特色，重塑乡土文化的自觉自信。

“艺术家驻村”，为乡村赋能

艺术搭台，乡村唱戏。艺术走进乡村，是对乡村传统美学的重新发现，更是对其社会价值的重新激活。

过去，艺术家下乡曾一度饱受诟病。有种说法认为，艺术家带着外来精英主义在乡村居高临下，打破乡村宁静的同时，并不能改变乡村的困境。

经过多年实践，浙江已经发展到了一个新的阶段—艺术家嵌入了真实的乡村生活，艺术机构能和乡村主题进行深度融合。

浙江探索实施的“艺术家驻村模式”，就是围绕百姓文化需求，鼓励和支持艺术家、规划设计师、高校专业人才、文艺志愿者等作为倡导人和带头人，以“艺术村长”等形式扎根乡村，促进乡村文艺活起来、亮起来，把文艺种进民众心田，为乡村绘制共富图景。

今年5月，在湖州市“文艺村长”试点启动仪式暨受聘仪式上，湖州市作家协会副主席、长兴县作家协会主席田家村受聘成为小沉渎村的“文艺村长”。他说：“今天，长兴县交给我一个村，叫小沉渎村。小沉渎村很久远，它有沉默不语的老街、古宅、古树，有绵延流淌的人文故事；小沉渎村很水乡，它有横塘、溇港、芦苇、滩簧，充满着江南的意韵。它让我萌生了与它一起文艺的愿望……”

驻村后，田家村的第一项任务就是要协助小沉渎村做好省级历史文化村落保护利用重点村创建的有关工作。他认真研究了小沉渎村的《文化解码转化建议书》和规划图，并在村里进行了实地调研，以实际行动不断引导村民通过日常融入、积极参与、文化自治等方式增强文化自觉。

“这次下村对我的触动很大。”田家村表示，以前，文联主要为村民送欢乐，我们是乡村振兴的歌唱者、鼓掌者、旁观者。今天，让我们沉下去，成为乡村振兴建设的提升者和设计规划者，将优秀历史文化解码落地，这就是艺术乡建的主动作为。

在浙江，全省各地的“文艺村长”，成为了促进文艺资源下沉，打通文艺服务基层、服务乡村“最后一公里”的主人翁。

在杭州萧山，则探寻出了另一种方式。2021年下半年，浙江省摄影家协会联合萧山区文联和摄协等部门，推出“生长着的乡村”—萧山美丽乡村驻地摄影项目，计划用1年左右的时间，组织摄影家走进萧山20个美丽乡村，面向土地、面向乡村、面向生活，进行长期的、深入研究的影像创作，让艺术真正走进乡间。

萧山区文联主席黄勇芳说 ：“前期，我们根据产业、生态、人文等特点，从百余个萧山美丽乡村创建村中选出了20个。在跟摄影家交流的时候，还明确了进村后必须拍一张村落的全景图，以及整个村最有特色的自然景观、人文景观，还有村里的民间手艺人等，就是希望能深入挖掘乡村文化基因，活态呈现独特的乡村面孔，留下影像档案。”

萧山区进化镇欢潭村，是“生长着的乡村”—萧山区美丽乡村驻地摄影项目的第一站。

今年4月28日，“生长着的欢潭”摄影作品展在萧山欢潭古村开幕，展示了近30位省内外优秀摄影师通过驻村创作、田野调查等拍摄的600余幅摄影作品。

村里的老物件、村民们的早餐、村里的志愿者、村里每户人家门前的树等一组组与这个村庄有关的照片，植入到村庄“三面环山、一面向水、四水归塘”的自然环境中进行展陈，让展览和村民形成互动，吸引了大批人前来观看。

每个平凡的欢潭人都在某个瞬间参与创造了美丽乡村影像变迁的非凡史诗。人们确信，久居乡野，那些独特的人文影像，会在某一刻聚集、凝练出一种与时俱进的奋进力量，唤醒人们对美好生活的向往。

如今，这些照片都在村中一座老屋内陈列着。“经常会有村民来这里转一转，当看到自己的生活被记录、被陈列，大家内心都是充满惊喜的。”欢潭村干部梅李栋说，不仅如此，这个项目还提高了村里人的美丽乡村建设意识，同时也帮助村里进一步打开了对外知名度。

这些都是浙江探索实施艺术乡建的过程中积极调动和发挥艺术家的主观能动性，鼓励艺术家入住镇村、扎根基层，从而引导和带动更多村民进行具有艺术审美的生动实践，也将助力艺术乡建工作走得更远。

本土人才，与乡村共生

“艺术需要人民，人民需要艺术。”一直以来，艺术就在我们每个人的生活中。

所谓艺术乡建，其实是一场艺术与乡村的双向奔赴。

有人说，乡村的村民们不是不需要精神生活，而是过去很少有平台，艺术的功能，就是为他们搭建平台。当艺术家们不断入驻乡村，当各类文化活动陆续被送进乡村，耳濡目染间，村民也慢慢从“旁观者”成为“参与者”，最终变成“创造者”。

杭州市淳安县梓桐镇就从“送文化”到“种文化”，不断擦亮书画艺术成色，最终迎来了书画的艺术蝶变。

这个小镇通过常态化开展“百场文艺活动进礼堂”等活动，为基层群众送去文化大餐的同时，也在多渠道提升乡村本土艺术家的创作水平。

在梓桐镇主导的众多文艺活动中，我们总能找到当地村民的身影。在上海举办的《我们的日子—千岛湖梓桐新农民绘画艺术展》上，一幅由村民创作的油画作品《玉米》拍出了7500元的价格。德隐陶局开放时，在制坯、坯上作画、上釉、炼制等各个环节都有当地村民的参与。他们将在农事中的细节和思考，用艺术的形式进行表达，让这些艺术作品鲜活起来。

如今，梓桐镇的书画队伍有百余名农民，经常活跃于县级、市级书画圈的有20余名，国家级、省级、市级美术家协会的成员有 10 余名。

“一亩田，一幅画，坐在家中就挣钱”，成为近年来梓桐镇农民的真实写照。

此外，宁波市宁海葛家村的“艺术家驻村行动”、丽水市松阳县的“百名艺术家入驻乡村计划”等“驻村服务模式”，也在积极探索“艺术家驻村”“教授团队驻村”“文创团队驻村”，推动“外援式”建设向“内生式”发展的转变，培养出了一大批农民艺术家。

“艺术乡建的最终落脚点还在于人。”省文联相关负责人指出，在浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区的大背景下，艺术家驻村的最终目的，是要发挥村民的主体性，强化村民的参与度，着力打造一支生机勃发的乡土人才“生力军”，让村民的所学为当地产业加持。

当当代艺术生动回归乡村的日常生活，浙江推动“艺术乡建”的解题路径越来越清晰时，一个联动乡村经济社会发展、生态文明建设的初步蓝图，也逐渐铺展开来。据悉，到2025年年底，浙江预计打造50个“艺术乡建”省级典型案例，建成100个省级艺术特色示范村、1000个市级艺术特色示范村，搭建一批“艺术乡建”交流展示平台，形成一批特色凸显的“艺术乡建”品牌成果。

之江大地，正在持续奏响艺术乡建的“共富曲”。

湖州市长兴县画溪街道白阜村文艺村长陈雪梅在该村蚕桑博物馆采风，为该村创作蚕桑原创舞蹈采集素材。乔丽萍/摄Chen Xuemei, the Literary and Arts Head of Baifu village in Changxing county,Huzhou city, visits a local sericulture museum, collecting materials to choreograph a dance performance for the village. Photo by Qiao Liping.

Arts, Rural Revitalization and Common Prosperity

By Shen Tingyu

“文艺村长开课了”系列活动在建德市大同镇高桥村的文化礼堂里举行。The “Village Literary and Arts Heads Deliver Lectures” activity is held in the cultural halls of Gaoqiao village, Datong township in Jiande city, a county-level city in Hangzhou city.

Throughout history and across the world, there seems to be a natural and close relationship between arts and countryside. There is so much that arts can do to rejuvenate villages and townships. In Zhejiang, the campaign to revitalize the rural areas through arts is bringing more possibilities for rural development.

Qu Yan, a contemporary artist, once defined the idea of developing rural areas through arts as such: “Today, artists begin to enter the countryside, not to look for pastoral songs, nor to express endless idyllic nostalgia, but to connect traditions through real actions, promoting the rejuvenation of the countryside through arts and reviving the countryside in a modern context.”

Over the past ten years, Zhejiang has continuously leveraged local cultural resources, guided artists to participate in the rural construction, so that the villages of the new era could serve as places both for artistic inspiration and economic development.

In 2022, the Zhejiang Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles (ZFLAC) has made it clear to further push through the “rural revival through arts” program, and activate the literary and artistic resources in the rural areas. Now, the program is fast becoming one of Zhejiang’s signature policy initiatives to boost rural development.

Different endowments and cultural developments have given birth to different customs and styles in different villages and townships, which necessitates flexible and customized designs and transformation of these places through arts.

In its long history, Zhejiang’s rural area has cultivated and accumulated the grace of Wuyue culture and the elegant style of(south of the Yangtze River) water towns, and the villages are full of Jiangnan charm.

Stepping into Zhangli village in Lucheng district, Wenzhou City, one is immediately drawn by a series of murals. Here, almost every house has hand paintings ofsceneries on the walls,windows and doors, complementing the village scenery itself.Taking a stroll in the village, one would feel as if they are living in a painting.

It is hard to imagine that, just a few years ago, the village was quite an obscure place. In fact, because of the large number of elderly people left behind as young villagers went to big cities for work, some houses were uninhabited for quite a long period of time, out of repair.

Behind the revitalization of the village are the Lucheng District Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the relevant departments. Through their efforts to “set the stage” via arts,Zhangli village has become “graceful” once again.

“We have lit up the countryside with ‘graffiti art’,” according to an official from Zhangli village. Together with the drive to clean up and better manage the village’s environment, the village’s artistic transformation will be promoted simultaneously. Thus far,Zhangli village has attracted more than 80 artists, who have taken the residential houses as natural canvases, and given the village a facelift through graffiti, wall paintings, murals and other artistic forms.

Moreover, Zhangli village is a well-known hometown to overseas Chinese in southern Zhejiang. Some buildings in the village are of the Gothic style, the village’s cultural auditorium in particular, which has a history of more than 100 years. Relying on this cultural feature, the artists maintained the original architectural style during the transformation process, and renovated building facades by adding frames and changing doors and windows.

At present, the whole village has been completed changed and regained vitality. It has won the titles of the National Civilized Village, the provincial Model Beautiful Village, and the provincial Leisure Tourism Village, among other honors. And it has become a must-visit place for tourists.

Linglongwan in Jiaxing city’s Xiuzhou district has prospered thanks to paintings as well. The difference with Zhangli village is that they are farmers’ paintings. Situated in Shengfeng village, the Linglongwan scenic spot is of typicalfeatures, crisscrossed with rivers and lakes, small bridges and waterside houses.

It is one of the important birthplaces of Xiuzhou Farmers’Painting, a provincial intangible cultural heritage. Born out of China’s folk painting traditions, it took roots in rural China in the 1950s and generally refers to works created by amateur artists who are farmersherdsmen orfishermen. In 2019, Xiuzhou was named a“Hometown of Chinese Folk Culture and Art”.

There are many such villages in Zhejiang. When we carry out the ”rural revival through arts” program and change the countryside through arts, it is not simply the rigid application of predetermined ideas, nor it is a performance or show and teaching the locals to do what you think is best. Rather, the entire program is an attempt to induce and cultivate the development and growth of the intrinsic cultural factors in the countryside according to local conditions.

Integrating rural areas with contemporary elements can only be successful and accepted by local residents only by respecting the traditional customs and spirit of the rural areas. Indeed,the introduction of arts into the countryside is a rediscovery of traditional rural aesthetics and a reboot of its social values.

In the past, artists were once criticized for going to the countryside. One argument pointed out that these artists went to the rural areas with their snobbery and elitism, destroying the idyllic life of the local residents without bringing any benefits to them.

After many years of practice, Zhejiang has stepped into a new stage — artists “embedded” into real rural life, and art institutions deeply integrated with rural themes.

For example, the “resident artists” model centers around the population’s cultural needs, encourages and supports artists,planners, designers, college professionals, arts volunteers and many others to take the initiative to “take root” in villages as their “arts heads”.

In May 2022, at the pilot start-up ceremony of “Village Literary and Arts Head” in Huzhou city, Tian Jiacun, vice chairman of Huzhou Writers Association, was hired to serve as the“Literary and Arts Head” of Xiaochendu village.

“The village has a long history. It has silent old streets, old houses, old trees, and flowing humanistic stories. It is such a characteristicvillage, full of thecharm that it simply lends me the desire to create arts with it,” Tian said.

After being stationed in the village, Tian carefully studied the cultural transformation planning for it, and carried outfield investigation to guide the villagers to enhance their cultural consciousness through daily participation and cultural initiatives.

“I’ve been quite touched by my residency here,” Tian said.Compared to the past when the Federation of Literary and Art Circles was largely the bystander, cheering up rural revitalization,it is now a participant, planning and improving the local development through the “rural revival through arts” initiative.

In Xiaoshan district, Hangzhou city, it is another model that is being explored. In the second half of 2021, together with the Xiaoshan District Federation of Literary and Art Circles as well as the local photographers association, the Zhejiang Provincial Photographers Association launched the “Growing Village” project.It aims to invite photographers to visit 20 villages in the district over the next year and conduct in-depth photography on rural life.

中国人民大学艺术学院副教授丛志强，正在指导宁波市宁海县葛家村村民叶仙绒用“艺术”创业。徐铭怿/摄Cong Zhiqiang (second on the right), an associate professor from the School of Art from Renmin University of China, discusses with Ye Xianrong (fi rst on the right), a villager from Gejia village in Ninghai county, Ningbo city on how to start a business through arts. Photo by Xu Mingyi.

“We selected 20 villages out of over 100 in Xiaoshan according to their distinctive features,” said Huang Yongfang,chairperson of the Xiaoshan District Federation of Literary and Art Circles. “We also made it clear that visiting each village, the photographers must take a panoramic photofirst, apart from its natural and humanistic sceneries, as well as craftsmen, in the hope of presenting the most unique rural characteristics.”

The district’s Huantan village is among thefirst to kickstart the project. On April 28, 2022, some 600 photos taken by nearly 30 photographers from in and outside Zhejiang were showcased at the opening ceremony of the “Growing Huantan” Photo Exhibition.

Old items in the village, villagers’ breakfasts, volunteers in the village, trees in front of each household in the village … groups of photos on Huantan are shown in the natural setting of the village,which are surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces water on the fourth. Such an arrangement enabled intimate interaction between the exhibition and villagers, attracting many visitors.

These photographs are now displayed in an old house in the village. “Villagers would often come here for a stroll, and when they see their lives recorded and on display, everyone is pleasantly surprised,” Mei Lidong, a village official, said. Naturally, the project has made the village more famous.

It has been said that, it wasn’t that villagers and country folks did not need any spiritual life; it was just that they did not have enough platforms to enjoy such a life. And arts — the functions of arts — serve as such a platform. When an increasingly number of artists choose to settle in the countryside, when various kinds of cultural activities are sent to the countryside, the villagers gradually change their roles: from “bystanders” to “participant”, before eventually turning into “creators”.

Zitong township in Hangzhou’s Chun’an county is a case in point. In many a literary and artistic activity held there, local villagers have always taken an active part. An oil painting titled“Corn” by a female farmer from Zitong was auctioned for 7,500 yuan ($1,121) at a special exhibition held in Shanghai in 2020 featuring 61 pieces of works of the town’s farmers.

Nowadays, more than 100 Zitong farmers have taken up brushes to engage in calligraphy and painting. Of them, more than 20 people are active members in the county-level and citylevel calligraphy and painting circles, and over 10 are members of national, provincial and city artist associations. “A piece of painting, a plot of land, and money earned sitting at home.” This is how Zitong residents see their life in recent years.

著名画家马百齐入驻海宁市丁桥镇新仓村梁家墩。Ma Baiqi, a well-known painter, becomes a resident artist in Xincang village,Dingqiao township of Haining city.

In addition, the “resident artist campaign” in Gejia village of Ningbo city, the “100 Artists Enter the Village Plan” in Songyang county of Lishui City and many other projects are actively exploring the models of “resident artist”, “resident professor”and “resident cultural creation team”. All of them have one goal in common: to transform the past model of helping rural revitalization through “external assistance” to the present model of inducing “endogenous” development. The large number of farm artists that have emerged and are emerging are the best testament to the success of the changes.

“At the end of the day, it is all about the people,” as an official from the ZFLAC pointed out. In the context of Zhejiang’s highquality development and its pursuit for common prosperity, the goal of inviting artists to the rural areas is to enable the villagers to take the initiative in their future development.

It is reported that by the end of 2025, Zhejiang is expected to develop 50 model villages at the provincial level for the “rural revival through arts” program, and build 1,000 “arts demonstration villages” at the city level.