牡丹入画里,幸福驻心间
2022-07-22魏伟
文/魏伟
巨野的农民画师以女性为主,从业人数逐年增加。图/高志修Juye’s rural painters are dominated by females,and the number of them increases year by year.
“盛开”的牡丹
随着时代的发展,上世纪70年代,人们对画幅装饰品的需求日益增加,给巨野的绘画创作带来巨大商机。当地政府十分重视绘画产业的发展,不仅创办工艺美术厂,为画师提供创作空间,还开办工笔画培训班,培养绘画创作人才。2000年以来,巨野进入全民创作时代。
菏泽是中国牡丹之都,有“曹州牡丹甲天下”之美誉,巨野的工笔画因而多以牡丹为主要创作题材。工笔牡丹画是在继承传统工笔技法的基础上,结合现代工艺手段精工绘制而成,严谨精致、绚丽多彩,充分体现出牡丹雍容华贵的特点。
2018年6月,工笔牡丹画《花开盛世》亮相上海合作组织青岛峰会,向国际友人展现了中国书画的魅力。这幅宽15.5米、高4.2米的画作,由巨野县书画院组织5位农民画师历时77天创作而成,是当时世界上最大的工笔画。当年11月,又一幅工笔牡丹画《锦绣春光》在中国国际进口博览会上与观众见面,“巨野制造”再次惊艳世界。
描绘牡丹神韵的巨野工笔牡丹画,已成为山东地域文化的一张名片。自2018年以来,巨野县书画院组织创作的多幅工笔牡丹画作品,先后亮相上海合作组织青岛峰会、中国国际进口博览会、中国东盟博览会、中国林产品交易会、中国国际文化旅游博览会等重大活动以及人民大会堂山东厅、国家会议中心(上海)国礼展厅等重要场馆。
目前,巨野县共有4个绘画专业镇,44家基层画院,从事创作、销售、装裱、培训等书画产业人员达2万余人,去年创作绘画作品120余万幅,远销美国、法国、澳大利亚、新加坡、韩国等40个国家和地区,年产值近10亿元。
画笔绘出新生活
去年6月,宽16米、高4.8米的巨幅工笔牡丹画《盛世中华》创作完成,成为世界上最大的工笔牡丹画。随着工笔牡丹画尺寸纪录被不断刷新,巨野工笔画产业不断做大,从业人数逐年增加,成为乡村振兴的特色产业。
巨野县是中国著名的工笔画之乡和农民绘画之乡。Juye is the Land of Meticulous Painting and the Land of Peasants’ Painting renowned in China.
巨野通过新时代文明实践志愿服务培训书画人才。Juye trains calligraphy &painting talents through the volunteer service platform for new era civilization practice.
在永丰街道洪庙村农民书画基地的一处画室内,农民画师王善花拿着两支画笔交替使用,起稿、勾线、上色,不多时,一朵风姿绰约的牡丹便展现在画卷上。患有残疾的王善花,自2014年开始师从本土画师学习绘画,出师后一直坚持绘画,如今生活过得有滋有味。“平时在家里照顾老人和孩子,空闲的时候就过来画画,能静心,还有不少收入。”王善花笑着说。
在巨野,女性画师占到画师总数的70%左右,妇女和残疾人群体成为主要培养对象。今年44岁的纪东丽因为手有残疾,不好找工作,前几年,她开始学习工笔画。从最基本的勾线开始学起,一年后便熟练掌握了工笔画技法。现在,6平方尺的牡丹画,她一个月能画六七幅。“画画比较自由,可以来画院,也可以在家,风吹不着,雨淋不着,家里有事随时能顾得上,比去工厂打工强。”纪东丽说。
经过起稿、勾线、上色后,牡丹花便“盛开”在画卷上。After drafting,delineating and coloring,peonies“bloom”in a picture.
洪庙村工笔画带头人姚桂元,在2009年成立了全国首个农民绘画专业合作社,现有社员500多人。以前扛锄头种地的农民不仅拿起了画笔,还有了自己的“工作室”,洪庙村也成为“户户有画师,家家飘墨香”的书画专业村。“村民的画作一般由合作社按照固定价格回收,再统一出售,价格从几百元到上千元不等。”姚桂元介绍道。
如今的巨野,镇镇有书画院,村村有书画室,一人带动一家人、一家带动一村人的情况十分普遍。许多像王善花、纪东丽一样的妇女,被培养成能自食其力的农民画师,有效解决了农村留守儿童、留守老人、夫妻长期分居等社会问题。
作为巨野的当家画种,工笔牡丹画是传统工笔技法与现代工艺手段结合的产物。As the leading genre of painting in Juye,meticulous peony painting is a combination of traditional meticulous painting technique and modern technology means.
擦亮“画乡”品牌
立足书画产业基础,巨野县通过打造培训基地、组建志愿服务队等举措,大力发展书画产业,放大文化产业富民效应,助推乡村振兴。
宽敞明亮的画室内,30多架画板一字排开,30多位画师握笔的手在画板上“翩翩起舞”,这是在巨野县书画院举办的第六期农民书画培训班上的一幕。巨野县书画院院长程军伟介绍,近年来,巨野县书画院加大对农民画师的培训力度,年培训画师3000—5000人次。
依托中国农民绘画之乡的优势,巨野专门成立了新时代文明实践书画志愿者协会,通过志愿服务,培训书画人才,引领乡风文明。书画志愿者协会的150余名画师经常义务到基层书画院、书画室指导培训农民学员。
今年初,中国工笔画学会批准中国工笔牡丹画研究院在巨野成立,并面向全国举办“花开菏泽·翰墨麟州”中国工笔牡丹画作品展;3月,巨野工笔牡丹画作为中共山东省委宣传部指定外宣艺术品走进巴西;4月,巨野县书画院组织创作的11幅工笔牡丹画精品入驻匈牙利布达佩斯鲁商会馆……一系列活动的举办,进一步扩大了巨野作为中国工笔画之乡、中国农民绘画之乡的知名度、美誉度和对外影响力。
如今,书画产业不仅成为巨野发展新型经济的发力点,也成为农民提升文化素质,引领乡村文明风尚的重要载体。在巨野,牡丹花盛开在画师笔端,幸福感萦绕在人们心间。
Juye County,Heze City,is the Land of Chinese Meticulous Painting and the Land of Chinese Peasants’Painting renowned at home and abroad.Above 80% of meticulous peony paintings sold by large galleries and painting shops nationwide come from Juye.In recent years,based on the brand“Land of Painting”,Juye has given full play to the leading role of the Juye Calligraphy&Painting Academy,combined the promotion and inheritance of its splendid calligraphy &painting culture with rural revitalization,and portrayed a new picture of a thriving industry and rural civilization.
Heze,the Peony Capital of China,enjoys the reputation that“Caozhou’s peony is the finest under heaven”.Thus,most of Juye’s meticulous paintings are themed on the peony.At present,Juye has four painting towns,44 grassroots painting academies,more than 160 training agencies for calligraphy&painting,and more than 20,000 people engaged in the calligraphy&painting industry involving creation,sales,mounting and training.Last year,there were more than 1.2 million paintings created,which were sold in 40 countries and regions including the United States,France,Australia,Singapore,and South Korea,with an annual output value of nearly RMB 1 billion.
With the continuous expansion of Juye’s meticulous painting industry and the rise in those engaged in it year by year,the industry has become a characteristic industry for rural revitalization.In Juye,there are calligraphy &painting academies in every town,and calligraphy&painting studios in every village.It is common for one person to mobilize a family,and a family to mobilize a village.Besides,many rural women have been trained to become independent rural painters.
Based on the foundation of the calligraphy &painting industry,Juye has vigorously developed the industry,magnified the effect of cultural industry enriching people,and boosted rural revitalization and development by means of building training bases and volunteer service teams.Now,the industry has become not only a platform for Juye to develop a new-type economy,but also an important carrier that improves peasants’ cultural quality,and leads rural civilized practices.Peonies“bloom”in painters’ drawings;happiness lingers in people’s minds.