美丽的四合院

2022-06-10安徽王涛涛

疯狂英语·新悦读 2022年6期

安徽王涛涛

四合院被认为是中国传统民居的优秀代表，一座典型的四合院在设计和建造中体现了中国传统建筑之美。

文章词数 353 难度 ★★★ 建议用时 6分钟

1The quadrangle courtyard, the traditional dwelling of people of the Han ethnic group, has a timehonored history. A quadrangle courtyard is surrounded by houses on all four sides.The courtyard,which is spacious and well-arranged, and the houses of which are independent, yet connected by pathways—embodies the beauty of traditional Chinese architecture.

2Quadrangle courtyards, mainly situated in North China, date back more than 3,000 years.The earliest typical courtyard was found among the ruins of Fengchu Village,Qishan County, in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province. The compound, with two layers of courtyards,was built during the Western Zhou Dynasty.

3Kublai Khan,the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty,moved the dynasty's capital to Beijing in 1272, and he granted (授予) land to high officials and wealthy merchants.That resulted in the large-scale building of courtyard residences in Beijing.Hutongand quadrangle courtyards were the main architectural features in Beijing during the dynasty.

4The quadrangle courtyard is a type of secluded（隐蔽的）dwelling,seen from the outside,with the entire building enclosed by tall walls.The courtyard faces south,with the entrance gate at the southeastern corner. A small quadrangle courtyard has only one courtyard, while a large compound has two or more courtyards, depending on the wealth and social status of the household.

5The quadrangle courtyard is recognized as a masterpiece of traditional Chinese dwellings. A typical Beijing quadrangle courtyard reflects both utility and aesthetics in its design and construction. It is constructed with bricks and timber（木材）, with careful designs. The indigo bricks, grey tiles and vermilion-painted gate, the whole color creates an atmosphere of serenity and elegance. From the gables (山墙) and eaves to the pillars and panes,the structure is ingeniously designed and decorated.

6Minor parts, such as the eave edge, roof ridge, stone-gate pier, wooden window and door and floor tiles are decorated with patterns that symbolize wealth and auspiciousness.They are carved or painted with images of wildlife, characters or figures. For example, the peony stands for wealth and rank, and the bat is recognized as a blessing, due to how it is pronounced in the Chinese language.

Reading Check

Ⅰ.Choose the best answers according to the text

Ⅱ.Discussion

What other traditional dwellings of various ethnic groups do you know? And what's your understanding of the relationship between dwellings and tradition?

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