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“借”的几种表达方式

2022-05-30卢军英

语数外学习·初中版 2022年1期
关键词:引申为短暂性彼得

卢军英

在日常生活中,有时会用到“借”的英语表达,那么究竟是用lend,borrow,还是keep,re- new呢?很多同学常常混淆不清,不知如何使用?对此,笔者剖析了它们之间的区别,以期对同学们有所帮助。

一、lend

lend意为“借出”“借给”,强调把自己的物品借出去给他人暂时使用,为短暂性动词,切不可与延续性时间状语连用,其后常跟to,固定表达有:lend sth.to sb.(把某物借给某人),或lend sb.sth.(借给某人某物)。例如:

Would you please lend him a pen? =Would you please lend a pen to him? 请你借支笔给他好吗?

I lent my umbrella to her yesterday. So she didn't get wet.

=I lent her my umbrella yesterday. So she didn't get wet.

因为我昨天把雨伞借给了她,所以她没有淋湿。

Thank you so much for lending the book to me. I found it very useful.

=Thank you so much for lending me the book.I found it very useful.

非常感谢你把这本书借给我,我觉得它非常有用。

二、borrow

borrow意为“借入”“借进”,强调从别人那里借来某物到自己手上,为短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间状语连用,其后常跟介词from连用,即borrow sth.from sb.(向某人借某物),也可以表达成“borrow sb.'s sth.(借某人的某物)”,其反义词为“lend”。例如:

I borrowed Peter's bike yesterday.

昨天我借用了彼得的自行车。

=I borrowed a bike from Peter yesterday.

昨天我向彼得借用了自行车。

Peter lent a bike to me yesterday.

昨天彼得把一辆自行车借给我。

=Peter lent me a bike yesterday.

昨天彼得借给我一辆自行车。

Can I borrow your eraser,please?

我能借用一下你的橡皮擦吗?

Can I borrow an eraser from you, please?

我可以向你借下橡皮擦吗?

=Can you lendme an eraser,please?

你能借给我橡皮擦吗?

=Can youlend an eraser to me,please?

你能借橡皮擦给我吗?

三、keep

原意为“保存”“保留”“保持”,可以引申为“借用”“借了”,主要强调借用一段时间,为延续性动词,可以与表示延续性的时间状语连用。例如:

I have kept two English books for three weeks.

这两本英语书我已经借了三周了。You may keep the dictionary as long as you like.

这本字典你愿意借多久就借多久。I'm sorry,I kept your bike more than a week.

对不起,我把你的自行车借了一个多星期了。

四、renew

renew原意为“使继续有效”“延长……的期限”,可以引申为“续借”,为短暂性动词,不能与表示延续性的时间状语连用。例如:

Remember to renew the books if you can't finish them on time.

如果你不能按时看完这些书,记得要去图书馆续借。

Can I renew the book without bring them here?

我没带书能办续借吗?

The story books are due today but I want to renew some of them.

这些故事书今天到期,但我想续借其中几本。

【练一练】

①I'll__the letters to you, but they're for your eyes only.

A.give B.borrowC.return D.lend

②IfI want tothem longer,can I them now?

A.borrow;borrowB.borrow;lend C.borrow;renewD.keep;renew

③-May I_your umbrella?

-Sorry.Lucyit just now.

A.borrow;lentB.borrow;borrowed C.lend;lentD.lend;borrowed

④-Excuse me,how long can I_these books?

-For a month.

A.buy B.borrowC.keepD.lend

【參考答案】

①选D项。句意:我愿把这些信借给你,但只准你一个人看。

②选D项。句意:如果我想借得久一点,现在我可以续借吗?

③选B项。句意:我可以借用下你的雨伞吗?对不起,路西刚才借走了。

④选C项。句意:这些书我可以借多久呢?一个月。

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