说说泰山姊妹山——马山
2022-05-30
了解城市規划和建设的人们知道,山东省省会济南是一座非常美丽的城市,有许多迷人的地方。其中,最为人们称道的就是有泉水,有72名泉,是世界上少有的泉城。要说济南的第二个突出特点,那就是山多山美,也是世界上少有的一座“山城”,“城在山里,山在城中”。
济南市区及四周有很多的山。据济南市国土资源局统计,济南市有642座山,其中历史文化名山24座,如千佛山(历山)、华山(华不注山)、佛慧山、五峰山、英雄山等。笔者喜欢游览山水,尤其喜欢马山。
马山是一座 “名山”。据《左传》记载,马山又称格(隔)马山,因山形酷似卧马而得名,从北向南望,犹如卧佛。地处济南市长清区马山镇,东依泰山,西濒黄河,南临曲阜,北靠泉城,古“齐国咽喉”之地,为济南市24座历史名山之第五位。
马山主脉南北走向,长1.5 公里,面积 3.6 平方公里,主峰海拔512.3 米。山上悬崖百丈,古树参天,奇花异草遍地,景色十分秀丽。马山景点号称“五泉十洞”“四十八景”,主要有建于春秋、唐、宋、元、明、清等时期的古建筑或遗址,如灵官庙、丰施侯庙、天王殿、钟楼、后土殿、碧霞元君殿等;早于秦长城490余年的齐长城,环绕在马山群峰之上,长达30多公里;东山坡栽植100多万株柏树、占地面积达276.9亩的世界最大植物标语“毛主席万岁”,被列入世界基尼斯名录;山西侧的马泉院(也称马湾庙)抗日战争初期长清县抗日游击队成立并驻扎于此,得到发展壮大,成为大峰山抗日游击队诞生地之一;车辙峰下的通明洞(又称穿心洞),幽深险僻,东西贯通,长约1.5公里。这些景观以及藏宝洞、马耳洞、马尾洞、河蚌洞、老鼠洞、马嘴泉、马尿泉、饭汤泉、天井、天池、飞来玉玺、烧饼石、仙人酒场、仙人棋盘等景点,都有神奇迷离的传说故事。
马山也是一座“明山”。济南人都知道,马山古为道教圣地,与泰山、五峰山并称“三姊妹”山。传说泰山奶奶有两个亲姐妹,其中大姐在马山修道,尊称马山圣母,也称马山奶奶,泰山奶奶为二姐,五峰山奶奶为三姐。马山奶奶乐善好施,“有求必应”,因此马山成为远近闻名的仙山、灵山。周边方圆百里的百姓每逢农历三月初三,便云集马山,登山祈福,祭祀怀古,赶会购物,历经千年不衰。
“马山之胜在山顶”。在“马背天街”西北隅有两个唐代所建的山门,东西开,是由山左和山右两条路——“天阶云梯”登临山巅的必经之路。两个古老的山门,孤悬半天,十分险绝,只有穿过山门,方到绝顶。山顶宽大的青石板上有两个“天池”,小的能盛几吨水,大的盛水数十吨,系早年人工“凿岩蓄雨水以备饮者”。山顶地势较平坦,成长桌面状,长约500米、宽约17米,原灵官庙、丰施侯庙、天王殿、碧霞元君殿等古建筑即建在此处,虽然现在多数仅存遗址或新建,但山顶特有风光依然令人神往和惊叹。
站在马山高峻奇妙的山脊四望,远见泰岱、灵岩、五峰诸山对峙,云雾彩霞神秘变幻;近现群岭错落,“神秀谷”湖塘镶嵌,“山外风光”万千。真可谓:“卧马岱宗西,藏仙万古迷。五泉十洞幽,百景百神奇。远眺峰峦静,近闻玄鸟啼。明山灵水秀,康养两相宜。”吟诗感慨之时,不禁使人想起清代邑人庸敬子对马山的赞叹:“满路飞花满岭松,岩高削出玉芙蓉。鸟声清亮泉声雅,人立马山第一峰。”
马山不但景色宜人,而且生物资源丰富,树多鸟多,山果野花珍草无数,尤其是中药材资源独特。马山栝楼(瓜蒌)是《本草纲目》记载的道地原产中草药,野生灵芝、山参、何首乌、金银花、野菊花、柴胡等100多种名贵中药材遍及山上山下,更增添了马山的奇特魅力。
“山明水秀鸟儿啼,康养游玩甚适宜。人道瑶池天上美,桃源再现亦难及。”远眺马山,峰岫峣嶷,犹如骏马卧云间;仰望主峰,大有世界名山——南非桌山之风范!
Statistics shows that there are 642 mountains in Jinan, including 24 famous mountains of historical and cultural significance, such as the Thousand-Buddha Mountain, Hua Mountain, Fohui Mountain, Wufeng Mountain and Yingxiong Mountain. Among them, the Mount Ma is my favorite.
According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Mount Ma is so named because it looks like a recumbent horse. Located in Mashan town, Changqing district, it lies to the east of the Mount Tai, west to the Yellow River, south to Qufu city and north to Jinan city. It ranks fifth in the twenty-four famous mountains in Jinan.
Running from south to north, the Mount Ma is 1.5 kilometers long and covers an area of 3.6 square kilometers, with its main peak reaching an altitude of 512.3 meters above sea level. The mountain has beautiful sights such as cliffs rising to a hundred feet, ancient trees stretching up to the sky, and rare flowers flourishing. Ancient buildings and ruins that date back to the Spring and Autumn Periods, as well as Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties spread across the mountain. The scenic spots boast their own legendary stories.
The Mount Ma, Mount Tai and Wufeng Mountain were collectively called the “three-sister mountains”. On the Double Third festival, the people of the surrounding areas climb up the mountain for worship, benediction and shopping.