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书面表达之观点看法类

2022-05-30高洁

疯狂英语·初中版 2022年9期
关键词:过渡性段落理由

高洁

考点详解

一般来说,观点看法类文章的内在逻辑关系十分清晰,它除了考查英文基础,还考查逻辑能力,具体来说就是上下文的衔接过渡和文章层次的体现。文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡性的词和短语来完成,在修辞中称为“启、承、转、合”。“启”就是开头,“承”就是承接,“转” 是转折,“合”是综合或总结。

1. 用于表示“启”的过渡性的单词和短语通常用在段落或文章的开头,如:first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to begin with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, lately…

2. 用于表示“承”的过渡性的单词和短语通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中,如:second, in addition, besides, then, moreover, what's more, what's worse, for example, certainly, obviously, in other words, still, at the same time, no doubt…

3. 用于表示“转”的过渡性的单词和短语通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中,如:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, while, despite, in spite of…

4. 用于表示“合”的过渡性的单词和短语通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中,如:in a word, in short, above all, after all, finally, therefore, as a result, on the whole, in summary…

一、写作方法——十句作文法

第一段为开头,包括两句:第一句为主题句,提出问题并通过问题点明全文主题;第二句为扩展句,进一步说明和支持主题句。另外,也可调整两句的顺序,由第一句说明情况,第二句提出问题。

第二段为正文,共七句:第一句为主题句,提出本段的主题,它应与第一段的主题相一致;第二句至第七句为扩展句,说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词,以使行文流畅。

第三段为结尾,简化为一句,是对全文的总结,并说明作者自己的观点。

三段之间的衔接要灵活运用“启、承、转、合”的过渡手段。

二、应急百宝箱

遇到要点不会表达怎么办?词数不达标怎么办?不要急,“一代,五加,一扩”帮你轻松解决问题,具体如下:

1. 以实代虚——写实

2. 增加限定语——定语、状语等

3. 增加例子——for example, such as

4. 增加原因——进一步說明

5. 加套语(词块)

6. 加格言、谚语等——进一步说明

7. 扩充建议——自主发挥,点到即可

三、常用表达

1. 开头句型

As far as I'm concerned…就我而言

It goes without saying that…毋庸置疑

It can be said with certainty that…可以肯定地说

As the proverb says…正如谚语所说

It has to be noticed that…必须注意到

It's generally recognized that…人们普遍认为

It's likely that…很可能

It's hardly too much to say that…毫不夸张地说

What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是

There's no denying the fact that…毫无疑问,无可否认

Nothing is more important than the fact that…没有什么比……更重要

What's far more important is that…更重要的是

2. 衔接句型

A case in point is…一个典型的例子是

As stated in the previous paragraph…如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…然而问题并非如此简单,所以……

But it's a pity that…但可惜的是

For all that.../In spite of the fact that... 虽然

However, the difficulties in…然而,困难在于……

Similarly, we should pay attention to... not (that)...but (that)... 同样,我们应该注意……不是……而是……

In view of the present station…鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above…综上所述

In this respect, we may as well (say)…从这个角度上我们可以说……

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is…然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即……

3. 结尾句型

All things considered…总而言之

It may be safely said that…可以有把握地说

Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…因此,在我看来,更可取的是……

It can be concluded from the discussion that…从中我们可以得出这样的结论……

From my point of view, it would be better if…在我看来……也许更好

It remains to be further studied………有待进一步研究

四、写作模板

观点看法类作文的整体结构有一定的模式可循,可以先写对比的一方面,再写对比的另外一方面;也可以将对比的两个方面的不同点比较着写。

对比观点看法类作文的写作模板

The topic of 主题 is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of 理由一 . What's more, 理由二 . Moreover, 理由三 . While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, 理由一 . Second(Besides), 理由二 . Third(Finally), 理由三 .

From my point of view, I think 我的观点 . The reason is that 原因 . As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.

练习

(一)

学校最近以“学生做作业时是否应该在网上找答案?”为题做了一个调查。调查发现一些学生赞成,也有一些学生反对。请根据调查情况和下列提示,以“Think before you search online”为题写一篇作文。

注意:1. 内容须包括所提示信息,可适当发挥。

2. 文中不得出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称。

3. 80 词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。

Think before you search online

Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it.

(二)

親爱的同学,你生活中有烦恼、学习有压力吗?如果有,那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼,有效缓解心理压力呢?请根据以下提示,以“How to solve our stress”为题写一篇英语短文。

提示:1. 积极参加体育锻炼,拥有一个健康的身体。

2. 多与老师、家长和朋友交谈,说出自己的烦恼。

3. 多听听音乐,多看看书。

4. 尽自己最大努力学习,勇敢面对自己的成绩。

5. 如果经常感觉压力过大,可以去看医生。

注意:1. 内容包括所提供的信息及要点,可适当发挥,但不要逐条翻译。

2. 不得出现自己的姓名、学校等信息。

3. 80 词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。

How to solve our stress

We all have some problems and in our lives. How should we solve them?

参考答案

(一)

【思路导航】

本文是一篇话题作文,题目是“Think before you search online”。主要根据调查情况写一篇调查报告,并写出自己的观点。首先要认真阅读提示 , 认真审题,根据提示,确定文章的中心。注意人称和时态。尽量使用熟悉句型,使用简单句式,同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词,使文章具有一定的连贯性,提示词需用上。

【参考范文】

Think before you search online

Some students now have a new use for the Internet — helping them with their homework. But different people have different ideas about it.

Some students agree with it. They sometimes don't know the answers to the problems, so they have to turn to the Internet. They think they can learn from other people. At the same time, it's easy and it saves time. However, not all the students welcome this. Many students think simply copying the answers won't improve their abilities and it may make students stop thinking.

I think students should first think over the problems by themselves. If we use the Internet properly, it could be a good way to study.

(二)

【思路導航】

1. 这是一篇给材料作文。本文给出了一些要点,并给出了作文的开头。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把要点表达出来,并适当地发挥,说出自己的观点。

2. 动笔前要认真阅读材料,不要遗漏要点,并适当发挥。

3. 根据材料内容可知用一般现在时来写,要注意主谓一致等问题。

4. 写作中要适当使用连词,注意上下文紧密联系,符合逻辑关系。

5. 要注意使用情态动词 should 和 could,为文章增色。

【参考范文】

How to solve our stress

We all have some problems and stress in our lives. How should we solve them?

Firstly, we should take more part in exercise. Sports can help us to have a healthier body and study better. Secondly, we need to talk with our teachers, parents and friends, try to tell them our trouble. They may give us some useful advice. Thirdly, we can also listen to music and read books. It's a good way to relax ourselves. Fourthly, we should try our best to study hard and learn to face our grades bravely. Fifthly, if we have too much stress, we'd better see a doctor.

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