Singapore Botanic Gardens 新加坡植物园

许林玉

新加坡植物園是一片拥有一百多年历史的热带植物天堂，也是新加坡首个联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产。它有什么特点呢？让我们走进文章一起了解下吧！

以下是新加坡植物园入选世界文化遗产的一些基本信息。

The Singapore Botanic Gardens is situated at the heart of the city of Singapore. It is a cultural landscape which includes a rich variety of historic landscape features， plantings and buildings that clearly show the evolution of the Botanic Gardens. Through its well-preserved landscape design and continuity of 1）purpose， the Singapore Botanic Gardens is an 2）outstanding example of a tropical botanic garden.

In the early years， the Gardens played an important role in 3）fostering agricultural development in Singapore and the region through collecting， growing， experimenting and distributing potentially useful plants. One of the earliest and most important successes was the introduction， experimentation and 4）promotion of Para Rubber. This became a 5）major crop that brought great prosperity to the South East Asian region in the early 20th century. From 1928， the Gardens spearheaded orchid breeding and started its orchid hybridisationprogramme. In contemporary times， the Gardens also played a key role in Singapore's Garden City programme through the continual introduction of plants of horticultural and botanical interest.

Set up in 1859， the Gardens holds a 6）unique and important place in the history of Singapore and the region. Through the botanical and horticultural work carried out today， it will continue to play an important role as a leading tropical botanical institute， and an loved place to all Singaporeans. As well as being a favourite recreation venue for jogging， dining or just lazing about， the Gardens is also a leading centre for botanical and horticultural research.

The Gardens has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the 39th session of the World Heritage Committee （WHC） on 4 July 2015. The Gardens is the first and only tropical botanic garden on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. It is the first in Asia and the third botanic gardens inscribed in the world following Orto botanico di Padova and the Royal Botanic Gardens， Kew.

7）Highlights include the National Orchid Garden， which boasts the world's largest orchid display， with over 60，000 plants and orchid plants. The National Orchid Garden is located on the highest hill in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. The carefully landscaped slopes provide a setting for over 1，000species and 2，000 hybrids， with about 600 species and hybrids on display.

The 8）distinctive feature of the National Orchid Garden not to be missed is its design concept which presents the display of plants in four separate colour zones over most of its areas： “spring” zone with its prevailing colours of bright and lively shades of gold， yellow and creams; “summer” zone with its major tones of strong reds and pinks; “autumn” zone of matured shades; “winter” zone of whites and violet shades.

This colour zoning is achieved by a careful blend of selected trees， shrubs， herbs and orchids （mostly hybrids） with matching leaf and flower colours.

Kids will have fun at the Jacob Ballas Children's Garden where they can play and learn all about plant life. The Jacob Ballas Children's Garden is the first garden in Asia dedicated to children. Its theme of “Life on Earth Depends on Plants” aims to educate children with a love for nature. The garden is a complete nature-learning environment， where children can know further about the ecology of plants and our environment through discovery and experiential learning.

新加坡植物園位于新加坡市中心。这是一处文化景观，包括丰富多样的历史特色景观、植物和建筑，清晰地展示了植物园的发展历程。因其保存完好的景观设计和始终如一的建园初衷，新加坡植物园成为热带植物园的典范之作。

早年，植物园通过收集、种植、试验和分布潜在有用的植物，在促进新加坡和该地区的农业发展方面发挥了重要作用。植物园最早也是最重要的成就之一，是成功引进巴拉橡胶（三叶橡胶），并通过试验和推广，使其成为 20 世纪初促进东南亚地区繁荣昌盛的主要作物。从 1928 年起，植物园率先开展兰花育种工作，并开始推行兰花杂交计划。在当时，新加坡植物园还通过不断引进具有园艺和植物学价值的植物，在新加坡的花园城市计划中发挥了关键作用。

这座植物园建于 1859 年，在新加坡和该地区的历史上占有独特而重要的地位。如今，植物园通过其植物学和园艺学工作，将继续作为领先的热带植物研究机构发挥重要作用，并成为备受所有新加坡人喜爱的地方。它不仅是慢跑、用餐或休闲的最佳休闲场所，也是首屈一指的植物学和园艺学研究中心。

2015 年 7 月 4 日，新加坡植物园在世界遗产委员会第 39 届会议上被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录中第一个也是唯一一个热带植物园。它是亚洲第一座，也是继意大利帕多瓦植物园和英国邱园皇家植物园之后世界第三座被列入该名录的植物园。

新加坡国家胡姬花园是新加坡植物园的重要景点，拥有世界上最大的兰花展区，共有超过 60，000 株兰花。新加坡国家胡姬花园位于新加坡植物园最高的山上。精心构造的斜坡为 1，000 多个品种和 2，000 个杂交种提供了适宜的生长环境，其中公开展出的品种和杂交种共约 600 种。

新加坡国家胡姬花园的设计理念具有鲜明的特色，大部分园区被分成四个不同的颜色区域，以展示不同色调的植物：“春天”区以明亮活泼的金色、黄色和淡黄色为主色调;“夏天”区的主要色调为热烈的红色和粉红;“秋天” 区充满了成熟色调;“冬天”区为白色和清爽的紫色色调。

这种颜色分区是通过将选定的树木、灌木、草本植物和兰花（主要是杂交种）精心搭配，并辅以相应的树叶和花卉颜色来实现的。

雅格·巴拉斯儿童花园则是孩子们的游乐天堂。在这里，他们可以尽情玩耍，还可以学习有关植物的所有知识。雅格·巴拉斯儿童花园是亚洲第一个专为儿童打造的花园，其主题为“地球上的生命与植物息息相关”，旨在教育儿童热爱自然。该花园提供了一个完整的自然学习环境，孩子们可以通过探索和体验式学习更深入地了解植物的生态和我们的环境。