从“夯基垒台”到“积厚成势”重庆自贸试验区5周年筑牢开放新高地

文/本刊记者 杨艳

重庆寸滩港。

建设自由贸易试验区，作为新时代推进改革开放的一项战略举措，具有里程碑的重要意义。

从2013年中国（上海）自由贸易试验区成立，经过9年布局，全国21个自贸试验区的空间结构基本成型，有效覆盖沿海沿边沿江等重点区域，既有服务全面深化改革的示范区“试验田”，又有加强内外交流推进开发开放互联互通的先行区、辐射中心、支点、节点。而不靠边境、不临大海，身处内陆的中国（重庆）自由贸易试验区（以下简称：重庆自贸试验区）也迎来了5周岁“生日”。

3月31日，在市政府新闻办举行的重庆自贸试验区建设5周年新闻发布会上，重庆公布了一张亮眼成绩单：5年来，坚持以制度创新为核心，以可复制可推广为基本要求，推动总体方案151项改革试点任务全面落地，国家部署的复制推广经验案例和深化改革创新举措落实率超过90%。

重庆市商务委副主任李巡府介绍，重庆自贸试验区挂牌成立5年来，主要取得了四个方面成效。首先是发挥开放创新“试验田”作用，差异化探索闯出新路。例如，重庆依托中欧班列（渝新欧）开立全球首份“铁路提单国际信用证”，并实现批量化运用；制定国际货运代理铁路联运作业规范等3项标准获批为国家标准。

服务西部陆海新通道建设方面，重庆签发全国首张中国国际货运代理协会多式联运提单，推动铁海联运“一单制”试点，探索建立连通海上与陆上的贸易物流金融新规则；推广“铁路原箱下海、一箱到底”模式，整体通关时间压缩40%；上线全国首个跨境金融区块链西部陆海新通道融资结算应用场景，为物流企业提供融资超15亿美元。

The strategy of developing a pilot free trade zone (FTZ)is a milestone of the reform and opening-up endeavor in the new era.

Since the Shanghai pilot FTZ was established nine years ago in 2013, initial layout of the 21 pilot FTZs in China has taken into shape, fully covering key borders, coastal and riverside areas nationwide. There are:

a.) demonstration zones incorporating “experimental sections” serving comprehensive reform;

b.) pilot zones, leading centers, and pivotal hubs promoting domestic and international exchanges, development, opening-up,and connectivity.

The China (Chongqing) Pilot Free Trade Zone (hereinafter referred to as Chongqing Pilot FTZ), an inland FTZ neither close to border nor sea, has celebrated its 5birthday.

On 31March, at the Press Conference on the 5Anniversary of the Founding of the Chongqing Pilot Free Trade Zone held by the Chongqing Municipal Information Office, the FTZ published its outstanding achievements:

a.) 151 pilot reform tasks in the overall plan are fully implemented, an outcome driven by institutional innovation and guided by the principal of making replicable and scalable practices.

b.) 90% of the cases and measures serving reform and innovation deployed by the central government have been put into practice.

According to Li Xunfu, Deputy Director-General of the Chongqing Municipal Commission of Commerce, four achievements have been scored over the past five years since the establishment of the FTZ. Chongqing has leveraged pilot zone of opening-up and innovation to blaze new trails based on specific development conditions. For instance, with the China-Europe Railway Express (Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway), Chongqing has established the first Railway B/L as International L/C in the world and realized scalable application.In addition, three standards including the operation rules for international freight forwarders and railway multi-modal transport have been approved as national criterion.

In terms of developing the New International Land-Sea Corridor in Western China, following outcomes have made:

a.) China’s first B/L for multi-modal transport of the China International Freight Forwarders Association has been issued;

b.) Pilot projects of the “single through B/L” for rail-sea multi-modal transport have been promoted;

c.) New rules on trade, logistics, and finance connecting maritime and land spaces have been explored;

d.) New logistics model, under which goods are delivered without changing container box in the rail-sea transport have been promoted, reducing the overall customs clearance time by 40%;

e.) China’s first application scenario of cross-border financial blockchain serving financing and settlement of the New International Land-Sea Corridor in Western China has been launched;

f.) Financing of more than 1.5 billion U.S. dollars for logistics enterprises have been provided.

2020年9月1日，中欧班列（渝新欧）跨境电商B2B出口专列从重庆团结村中心站首发。

服务长江经济带发展方面，重庆与上海自贸试验区联动，常态化开行沪渝直达快线，探索江海联运一体化便利通关新模式；在全国率先开展水运进口转关“离港确认”试点，提升江运时效40%。

其次，重庆发挥改革创新“排头兵”作用，营商环境全面优化，主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，稳步推进制度型开放，累计培育重点制度创新成果88项，其中7项向全国复制推广，66项在全市复制推广，营商环境市场化、法治化、国际化水平不断提升。

重庆还结合自身战略定位和产业发展实际，不断完善两江新区、渝中等9大板块外向型产业和特色优势产业的目标定位，加快外资外贸项目向自贸试验区集聚发展，市场主体蓬勃发展。5年来，累计新增市场主体6.5万户。

重庆外向型产业集聚明显，新设外资企业占重庆全市比重20%，吸引全市超35%的外商直接投资，集聚全市超四分之一的进出口企业，贡献了全市约70%的进出口贸易总额。

此外，重庆还深入推进川渝自贸试验区协同开放示范区建设，共同签署共建示范区工作方案，共同创建全国首个中欧班列合作品牌中欧班列（成渝），协同集成了全国首创的关银“一KEY通”、多式联运“一单制”等跨区域、跨部门、跨层级制度创新成果。

In terms of developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Chongqing has worked with Shanghai Pilot FTZ to open the Shanghai-Chongqing Direct Express and explore the new model of river-sea multi-modal transport to facilitate customs clearance. Chongqing has made pilot practice of streamlining custom clearance procedures for imported goods shipped to Chongqing and transferred in Shanghai. Upon confirmation of its following transport information within China, the imported goods are ready to leave the port in Shanghai. This practice reduces the time of river transport by 40%.

Secondly, Chongqing has act as the trailblazer of reform and innovation.By fully optimizing its doing business environment, actively aligning itself with international high-standard economic and trade regulations, and promoting institutional opening-up step by step, Chongqing has made satisfactory results including 88 key institutional innovations, 7 of which have been replicated and promoted nationwide and 66 of which in the Municipality. In addition,Chongqing has fostered market-oriented and law-based doing business environment matching international practices.

Based on the strategic positioning and industrial status quo of Chongqing,positioning of the export-oriented industries and industries with unique advantages in the nine sections of Liangjiang new areas, Yuzhong District, etc. are perfected.By doing so, strong efforts are made to pool foreign trade projects in the FTZ and to make market entities to flourish here in the FTZ. Over the past five years, 65,000 new market entities have established their presences in the FTZ.

Export-oriented industries are clustered in Chongqing. Newly established foreign-funded enterprises in the FTZ account for 20% of Chongqing. The FTZ has attracted over 35% of foreign direct investment of Chongqing and gathered more than a quarter of the import and export enterprises of the Municipality,contributing to 70% of Chongqing’s total foreign trade volume.

Additionally, Chongqing has promoted the development of Collaborative Opening-up Demonstration of Sichuan& Chongqing Pilot Free Trade Zone.Working in cooperation, the two zones have signed the work plan for the joint construction, established the China-Europe Railway Express (Chengdu,Chongqing) as the first cooperation brand. “Customs-Bank One KEY Link”,“Single Through B/L” for multi-model transport and other cross-regional, multisectoral and cross-level institutional innovation outcomes have been made.

Starting from scratch and developing towards excellence, the FTZ has scored visible achievements in trade, investment, finance, and administration.With innovations and reforms, the FTZ embodies Chongqing’s effort of highlevel opening-up and high-quality development. Reviewing its experiences and practices over the past five years, the FTZ first build solid foundations and outlines of development and then gather momentum for comprehensive and dynamic growth. The unleashed dividend of reform brings out sustained vitality of innovation and robust force of opening-up, picking up steam in forming a new pattern of comprehensive opening-up in all fields .