芝罘岛 中国最大的陆连岛

仙辑

芝罘島横亘于烟台市区北部的海面上，又称芝罘山，主峰高298米，东西长约9000米，是三面环海一径南通的陆连岛。

数千年之前，芝罘岛是一个海中孤岛，与烟台隔海相望。由于海岸近海区域有一股由附近河流冲积物和海滩物质形成的“海岸泥沙流”，再加上芝罘岛的屏蔽隐藏作用，泥沙渐渐在此堆积，日久天长，最终形成了两条沙坝，将芝罘岛与大陆连接了起来。这个沙坝上的物质主要为较粗的沙砾质，在地貌学上，这样的沙坝就称为连岛沙坝，这样的岛屿就称为陆连岛。

芝罘岛是中国漫长海岸线上众多岛屿之中一个最为典型和著名的陆连岛。连岛沙坝共有4条，海拔高度约三四米，长达6000米，宽有500-800米。芝罘岛有着悠久、深厚的历史沉淀，具有十分重要的历史文化意义。早在春秋战国时期，转附（芝罘）就与碣石、句章、琅玡、会稽被称为五大港口，齐景公曾来此游览，欣赏这里的景色。据《史记》记载，秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国后，曾三次东巡登芝罘，留下许多珍贵的史料。到汉晋时代，这里成为中国北方最大口岸。唐以后，芝罘一直属于中国重要海口，烟台开埠以后，芝罘与海外的交往更加频繁。

芝罘岛是烟台重要的渔业基地、航运基地、造船工业基地。创下多项世界之最的“蓝鲸1号”钻井平台，从这里驶向南海。

Lying on the sea surface in the north of Yantai City， Zhifu Island is also called Zhifu Mountain. Running as long as 9 kilometers from east to west with the peak as high as 298 meters， it is a land-tied island surrounded by the sea in three directions and the land in the south.

Thousands of years ago， Zhifu Island is an offshore island lying in the sea off the coast of Yantai. Thanks to the sand flow formed by nearby river alluvium and beach material in the coastal area in addition to the screening and concealing role of Zhifu Island， sand gradually accumulated here. By and by， it finally formed two sandbanks connecting Zhifu Island to the land. The sandbank is mainly composed of relatively thick gritty soil. In geomorphy， such a sandbank is called a land-tied sandbank and such an island is called a land-tied island.