怎样做到举止得体：卡塔尔文化指南

译/朱瑞旻

When you decide to visit the World Cup football tournament in Qatar, it is advisable to delve into the background of the country and the customs and habits that are used.Qatar is an Islamic country and has different traditions than Western society.So read our guide, know what the customs are among the local population, and avoid surprises.Know what to expect when you arrive in Qatar to celebrate the World Cup.

Show respect and be polite

决定赴卡塔尔观看世界杯足球赛的观众最好深入了解其国情和风俗习惯。卡塔尔是伊斯兰国家，其传统有别于西方社会。因此，请阅读本指南，知晓当地居民的习俗，避免出现意外。要清楚自己到达卡塔尔欢度世界杯时可能遇到哪些情形。

尊敬他人、彬彬有礼

如果想问卡塔尔人一些事情，别按照西方的习惯直来直去。先打个招呼，从大众话题聊起。阿拉伯人很看重这点。如果连“早上好”都不说就直接进门，会让人觉得有失礼貌。要微笑地说“色兰”（“安塞俩目阿莱依库姆”的简略说法，进入一个地方时说这句话，意思是“愿安宁降临于你们”）。“舒克兰”就是谢谢。谈论家庭和孩子没问题，但尽量别谈论宗教、政治和对方的妻子。批评埃米尔（卡塔尔君主）甚至可能导致你入狱。你还有必要知道，卡塔尔是禁止同性恋的。

Forget the western directness if you want to ask Qatari something.Say hello and start small talk1small talk没有明确实际目的的闲聊。about general matters.That is important to Arabs.It is experienced as rude if you just fall into the house without saying at least ‘good morning’.Smile and say ‘Salam’ (from Assalaam Alaykum, meaning: “peace be upon you” when you enter a place).“Shukran” is thank you.Talking about family and children is fine, but try to avoid religion, politics and his wife.You can even go to jail for criticizing the Emir.It is also good to know that homosexuality is prohibited in Qatar.

Dress code

Qatar is an Islamic country with a conservative dress code.Qatari men wear traditional white robes, ladies long abaya2某些穆斯林妇女穿的长及地面的衣物，遮盖除头、手、脚之外的身体其他部位。.You don’t have to wear a veil as a female tourist, but don’t go too naked on the street.Preferably no bare (upper) arms, but especially shoulders and knees, should be covered.That also applies to men.Loose pants, skirts below the knee and t-shirts are acceptable for women.Avoid shorts or skirts that are too short, low-cut tops, bare shoulders,and sheer and transparent clothing.

着装规范

卡塔尔是一个着装规范保守的伊斯兰国家。卡塔尔男子身穿传统的白袍，女子身穿长袍。女游客不一定要戴面纱，但在街上时，衣着不可过于暴露。尽量别裸露手臂（上臂），尤其不应该露肩或露膝。这点也适用于男性。女士可以穿阔腿裤、过膝裙和T恤衫，避免穿超短裤、超短裙、低胸上衣、露肩装和透明装。

Enjoy your stay the Qatar way

享受卡塔尔特色之旅

享受阳光灿烂的日子，欣赏日落的美景吧。多哈有许多漂亮的酒店，入住后，白天可以在其中的游泳池或健身中心里放松身心。维拉吉奥等商场大得惊人，可以在其中购物。还可以尽情享受卡塔尔的夜生活，因为卡塔尔是世界上最安全的地方之一。盛夏和斋月期间，多哈只有到了日落时分才会热闹起来。一直到凌晨，多哈城里都看得到人。不要指望俱乐部里有酒和唱片骑师（尽管有这样的俱乐部），更值得期待的是一些灯光璀璨、有喷泉表演的大道（如滨海大道），以及可供阖家欢聚的节庆场所。

Enjoy sun-filled days and beautiful sunsets.In the many beautiful hotels in Doha, you can relax during the day by the pool or fitness centre.You can shop in incredible great shopping malls like Villaggio.Also, enjoy the evenings in Qatar as it is one of the safest places in the world.During the hot summer and during Ramadan, Doha only comes alive when the sunsets.You see people in the city until the early hours.Don’t expect clubs with alcohol and DJs (although there are), but more beautifully lit boulevards with fountain shows (the Corniche3即Doha Corniche多哈滨海大道，多哈湾旁的月牙形步道，长7公里，系当地著名景点。) and festival-like areas where families gather.

Hydrate and drink enough water

Drink plenty of water in addition to other beverages.Deep yellow urine is a sign of dehydration.At temperatures above 40°C, you should drink at least two litres per day.If you go into the desert on your own, bring plenty of food and drink and make sure you have a spare tire and cables if something happens.Furthermore, it is doable: thin clothes and don’t worry too much.Apply a high factor sunscreen to all exposed skin all year round.Don’t forget to rub your feet if you wear sandals or flip flops.

足量摄入水分

要喝大量的水和其他饮料。尿液呈深黄色是脱水的标志。温度高于40摄氏度时，每天至少应该喝两升水。如果独自进入沙漠，要带足食物和饮料，并确保有备用轮胎和绳索，以防万一。此外，也不妨穿轻薄的衣服，不必过于担心。在所有暴露在外的皮肤上，一年到头都要涂抹防晒指数高的防晒霜。如果穿凉鞋或人字拖，别忘了在脚上擦防晒霜。

Be grateful.Accept coffee and tea

During a meeting with a Qatari, tea or coffee is always drunk.The first cup that is offered to you should always be politely accepted.After the first cup, you can indicate that you do not want any more.More than three cups of tea or coffee are often seen by Qatari as eager.

要心存感激。接受所敬的咖啡和茶

与卡塔尔人会面时，总会喝些茶或咖啡。应礼貌接受敬给你的第一杯。一杯过后，你可以示意自己不想再喝了。卡塔尔人通常认为，喝茶或咖啡超过三杯的人很热诚。

Don’t do’s in Qatar—The real No, No’s

在卡塔尔禁止做的事情——真的是“严禁”

禁止凝视！这在卡塔尔是无礼之举

无论你觉得卡塔尔人的衣服或面孔多么迷人，都不要凝视。在一个必须衣着庄重、行为谨慎的社会中，起码要遵守这项通用的礼仪。卡塔尔人感觉凝视是一种侮辱。

Don’t stare! It is unpolite in Qatar

However fascinating you may find the Qatari’s clothes or pretty faces,don’t stare.This general politeness is fundamental in a society where modesty in dress and behaviour is mandatory.Staring feels like an insult to Qatari.

Don’t just talk to the opposite sex

As a man, do not ask Qatari women for information.Please respect that some Arab women do not want or are not allowed to talk to men.They are more willing to help other women, so let the women do the talking4do the talking负责出面说话，引申为掌控话题、主导局面。! If you do business with an Arab woman, let the woman take the initiative before shaking her hand.Don’t be offended when a woman refuses.

Don’t just take pictures

Use your camera as little as possible.Don’t take pictures of people without asking their permission first.Women and the elderly should not be captured in a sensitive place.Also, be careful when photographing police officers,military personnel and public buildings.

Don’t get drunk

Qatar follows the Shariah Law,which means that you cannot bring alcohol, pornography, pork and drugs into the country.Drinking alcohol is illegal in Qatar.Only five-star hotels have licenses to sell alcohol.You can quickly pay ten to fifteen euros for a beer there.There is a zero-tolerance policy for driving under the influence, drunkenness and violent behaviour.

禁止随意和异性交谈

男子不要向卡塔尔女子询问信息。一些阿拉伯女子不愿意或没有得到允许与男子交谈，请尊重这一点。女士们更乐于互帮互助，所以让女士先开口吧！如果与阿拉伯女子做生意，要等对方主动伸手之后再与她握手。如果女士拒绝交谈，别生气。

禁止随意拍照

尽可能少用相机。没有事先征得他人同意，请勿对其拍照。不得在敏感处所拍摄女子和老人。拍摄警察、军人和公共建筑时也要小心。

禁止酗酒

卡塔尔遵循伊斯兰教法，这意味着不能携带酒、色情物品、猪肉和毒品入境。饮酒在卡塔尔是违法的。只有五星级酒店才有酒类经营许可证。在那里花10到15欧元，就很快能买到一杯啤酒。卡塔尔对醉驾、酗酒和暴力耍酒疯采取零容忍政策。

Show manners and do it the Qatari way

When visiting the World Cup 2022 in Qatar and you are going to visit a Qatari resident, try not to show the soles of your feet or shoes.That could be taken as an insult.You are also not allowed to sit with your back to other guests.If you eat with your fingers, you don’t eat with your left hand.Also, don’t be annoyed if your appointment is late; time is an elastic5elastic灵活的，不固定的。concept in Qatar.One thing is for sure during your visit in Qatar during the World Cup.The schedule with football matches will be right on time and as followed strictly by plan.■

遵守礼仪，入乡随俗

在卡塔尔2022年世界杯观赛期间去拜访卡塔尔居民时，尽量不要把脚底或鞋底露出来。卡塔尔人可能视之为侮辱。并且，不准背对其他客人坐着。徒手进食时，禁止用左手抓取。另外，在卡塔尔没有严格守时的观念；如果别人没有准时赴约，请勿生气。世界杯期间，在卡塔尔有一件事情肯定准时。足球比赛日程表的时刻是确切的，并完全按照计划进行。 □