四川毛茛科二新种——乌头属一新种和唐松草属一新种
2022-03-17王文采
摘 要: 該文描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科二新种,包括四川乌头属一新种,即泸定乌头(Aconitum ludingense W. T. Wang),此新种隶属于乌头属乌头亚属,以及四川唐松草属一新种,即狭药唐松草(Thalictrum stenantherum W. T. Wang),给出了此新种与其近缘种六脉萼唐松草之间的形态区别。
关键词: 毛茛科, 乌头属, 唐松草属, 新种, 四川
中图分类号: Q949
文献标识码: A
文章编号: 1000-3142(2022)01-0010-04
收稿日期: 2020-12-20
基金项目: 中国科学院植物研究所资助王文采院士科研活动经费(110100PZ07)[Supported by the Fund for WANG Wen-tsai Academician Scientific Research of Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(110100PZ07)]。
第一作者: 王文采(1926-),研究员,中国科学院院士,著名植物分类学家,长期从事有花植物分类学研究。
Two new species of Aconitum and Thalictrum
(Ranunculaceae) from Sichuan
WANG Wencai (WANG Wen-tsai)
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China )
Abstract: Two species of the family Ranunculaceae are described as new from western Sichuan Province, including a new species of the genus Aconitum, A. ludingense W. T. Wang, belonging to Subgen. Aconitum, and a new species of the genus Thalictrum, T. stenantherum W. T. Wang, and the morphological differences between it and its close ally, T. sexnervisepalum W. T. Wang are given.
Key words: Ranunculaceae, Aconitum, Thalictrum, new species, Sichuan
在2018年和2019年两年中,同事张树仁先生率队到四川横断山区,考察那里丰富、复杂的植物区系,采集到大量植物标本。我在鉴定其中毛茛科标本的过程中,发现毛茛科二新种:乌头属一新种,即泸定乌头;唐松草属一新种,即狭药唐松草。
泸定乌头 图1:1-11
Aconitum ludingense W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1
Ob foliadissecta, flores interdum solitarios species nova haec est aliquantum similis A. monantho Nakai, a quo caulibus multo brevioribus 3 m longis, foliorum basalium petiolis etiam multo brevioribus 0.9-2.2 cm longis, sepalo supero galeoto-naviculari haud rostrato, gynoecio ex carpellis quinque dense sericeis constanti valde differt. In A. monantho, caules 14-30 cm longi, foliorum basalium petioli 5-20 cm longi, sepalum superum alte galeatum et rostratum, et gynoecium ex carpellis tribus glabris constans est.
Small biennial herbs 3-5 cm tall. Root tubers 2, small, ellipsoidal or conic, 7-9 × 3 mm. Stem very short, 3 mm long, 2 mm across, glabrous, near base 1-2-leaved, apex with a short raceme. Basal leaves ca. 4, glabrous; blades subcoriaceous, cordate-pentagonal, or reniform, 0.4-1.2 × 1-2.5 cm, 3-parted to 0.5-1 mm above base, central lobe smaller, broad-rhombic, 0.4-0.7 cm broad, 3-lobed, with lobules linear-ovate entire or 1-2-denticulate, lateral lobes larger, obliquely flabellate, 0.5-1.7 cm broad, unequally 2-parted, with secondary lobules 2-3-lobed or 2-parted; petioles 0.9-2.2 cm long. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones. Racemes terminal, 3-3.5 cm long, 1-3-flowered; bracts foliaceous, shortly petiolate; pedicels robust, 2-2.4 cm long, with dense spreading short hairs 0.1-0.2 mm long, below or above 2-bracteolate; bracteoles linear, 2-6×0.4-1 mm, glabrous. Flower: Sepals blue, membranous, upper sepal 13 mm long, apex galeate ca. 5 mm broad, else-where navicular, ca. 3 mm broad, adaxially glabrous, abaxially above with sparse hairs and ciliate; lateral sepals obliquely flabellate, ca. 10 × 11 mm, apex slightly undulate, adaxially and abaxially on the middle with sparse short hairs; lower sepals broad-elliptic, ca. 6 × 4 mm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially near apex puberulous, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 30, glabrous; filaments white, lanceolate-linear, 3.5-5 × 0.6 mm; anthers black, ca. 0.8 × 1 mm. Carpels 5; ovaries linear, 3.5-4 × 0.8 mm, densely sericeous; styles 0.8-1 mm, glabrous. Follicles narrow-oblong 10 × 3-4 mm, with sparse hairs and transverse nerves, persistent styles 2 mm long. Seeds whitish, compressed-tetrahedral, ca. 2 mm long.
四川(Sichuan):泸定县,雅家梗山口 (Luding Xian, Yajiageng Pass), alt. 3 950 m,高山草甸 (on alpine meadow),2018-09-06,陈文俐,蒋善文,张中帅 (W. L. Chen, S. W. Jiang & Z. S. Zhang) 912 (holotype, PE)。
泸定乌头的叶细裂,花有时单生,与具上述特征的高山乌头(A. monanthum Nakai)有些相似,两者的区别在于泸定乌头的茎很短,长仅3 mm,基生叶叶柄也很短,长0.9~2.2 cm,上萼片盔状船形,不具喙,雌蕊群由5枚密被卷毛的心皮组成。而高山乌头,茎长14~30 cm,基生叶叶柄长5~20 cm,上萼片高盔形,具喙,雌蕊群由3枚无毛心皮组成(王文采,1979)。
狭药唐松草
图2: 1-5
Thalictrum stenantherum W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2 [Sect. Rutifolia (Prantl) W. T. Wang] Ob thyrsos plus minusve racemiformes, foliola breviter hirtella, sepala glabra, ovaria brevissime pilifera species nova haec est affinis T. sexnerrvisepalo W. T. Wang, a quo sepalis 3-nervibus, androecio staminodiis carenti, staminum filamentis filiformibus, stylis ovariis longioribus differt. In T. sexnervisepalo, sepala 6-nervia, androecium staminodiis aliquot praeditum, staminum filamenta anguste linearia, styli ovariis aequilongi sunt.
Peremial herbs 45-88 cm tall. Stems simple, subglabrous, smooth, above base inconspicuously and longitudinally 15-canaliculate, ca. 7-leaved. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate, twice or thrice ternate; blades nerly deltoid, 6.5-11 × 6-13 cm, 15-52-foliolate; leaflets papery, terminal ones broad-obovate, obovate or broad-rhombic, lateral ones ovate or broad-ovate, 5-14 × 5-15 mm, (2-)3-lobulate, with lobules 1-3-denticulate or entire, adaxially glabrous, abaxcially on nerves with short and rigid hairs 0.05-0.1 mm long, with nerves adaxially concave and abaxially prominent; petioles 0.5-3 cm long, with rachis and petiolules subglabsous. Thyrses terminal, 10-23 × 3-11 cm, 5-30-flowered, with branches more or less racemiform; bracts foliaceous, once or twice ternate; pedicels slender, 0.3-2 cm long, with rachis glabrous. Flower: Sepals 4, yellowish, ovate, ca. 3.6 × 3 mm, with apex slightly acute, or oblong, 3.8-4 × 1.2-2 mm, glabrous, 3-nerved. Stamens 22-36, glabrous; filaments filiform, 2.5-4 mm long; anthers linear, 2.2-2.8(-3) × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex acute. Carpels 4-6; ovaries shortly stipitate, long elliptic, 1.2 × 0.5 mm, with very short hairs 0.05 mm long; styles ca. 1.6 mm long, glabrous, abaxially above with narrow-linear stigma 0.8-0.9 mm long.
四川 (Sichuan): 九龙县,汤古乡,猎塔湖 (Jiulong Xian, Tanggu Xiang, Lieta Lake), alt. 3 752 m,路边,花黄色 (roadside, fls. yellow), 2019-07-10,张树仁,单章建,李邦泽 (S. R. Zhang, Z. J. Shan & B. Z. Li) 2880 (holotype and isotype; PE)。
狭药唐松草的聚伞圆锥花序多少成总状花序状,小叶下面被短微硬毛,萼片无毛,子房有短毛,与具上述特征的六脉萼唐松草(T. sexnervisepalum W. T. Wang)(产四川崇州)有相近的亲缘关系,两者的区别在于狭药唐松草的萼片有3条脉,雄蕊群無退化雄蕊,雄蕊花丝丝形,花柱长度大过子房。而六脉萼唐松草,萼片有6条脉,雄蕊群有一些退化雄蕊,雄蕊花丝呈狭条形,花柱与子房等长(王文采,2018)。
参考文献:
WANG WT, 1979. Aconitum[M]//Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 27: 113-326. [王文采, 1979. 乌头属[M]//中国植物志. 北京: 科学出版社, 27:113-326.]
WANG WT, 2018.Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) in China [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press. [王文采, 2018. 中国唐松草属植物 [M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社.]
(责任编辑 蒋巧媛)