并列句学习三要素
2022-03-11朱秀兰
朱秀兰
并列句是中学英语学习中的重要句型,也是中考重要考点,学习时应注意以下几点:
一、理解并列句定义,掌握并列句结构
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。各分句靠连词、逗号和分号来连接,其基本结构为:分句 + 并列连词 + 分句。
并列句常用连接词有:and,but,or,while,for,so,neither... nor,still,yet,however,therefore,then,not only...but also,on(the)hand... on the other hand等。
二、了解并列句分类,掌握并列句用法
1. 表示联合关系
常由and,not only...but also,neither...nor,so,on(the)one hand...on the other hand等连词引导。
The teacher’s name is Smith,and the student’s name is John.
老师叫史密斯,学生叫约翰。
Jim plays football and so does his brother.
吉姆踢足球,他的兄弟也踢足球。
On the one hand,I’m your teacher,on the other hand,I’m your
student.
一方面我是你们的老师,另一方面我又是你们的学生。
He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.
他不仅给我们提出很多建议,并且还帮助我们学英语。
2. 表示选择关系
常由or,either... or,otherwise等连词引导。
Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.
快点,否则你会赶不上火车。
I must work much harder,otherwise I cannot catch up with the other classmates.
我必须更努力学习,要不然我就赶不上其他同学。
Either you are wrong,or I am.
不是你错了,就是我错了。
3. 表示转折关系
常由but,still,however,yet,while等连词引导。
One cannot see wind,however,it does exist.
人们看不见风,可是它确实存在。
Some experiments are difficult while others are easy.
有些实验难,而有些实验易。
It never rains but it pours. 禍不单行。
She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。
He is good-natured; still I don’t like him.
他脾气很好 , 可是我还是不喜欢他。
4. 表示因果关系
常由so,for,therefore等连词引导。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.
8月是每年稻谷收割的时节,因此我每天从早干到晚。
The oil must be out,for the lamp has gone out.
油一定是用完了,因为灯已熄灭。
It was raining,therefore we remained at home.
外面正在下雨,因此我们待在家里。
注意:
(1)用and,as well as,neither(nor)连接并列句时某些重复的成分常被省略。
We study English and they(study)German.
我们学英语,而他们学德语。
He often goes to the museum as well as (he often goes)to the concert.
他经常去博物馆,也常去音乐会。
(2)用so,neither(或nor)代替前句中出现的句子成分,并且在意思上表示后句跟前句是一样的状况(前后句主语不是一个人),这时,语序需要倒装。
He likes to study English,so do I.
他喜欢学英语,我也喜欢。
I haven’t seen the film ,neither has he.
我没看过这部电影,他也没看过。
三、明确并列连词特点,巧解并列句试题
不少并列连词具有对称性,这样的连词常见的有:and,than,not only...but also。利用连词的对称性可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。
He said he would come and__________ me.
A. saw B. see
C. seeing D. seen
析:B. and具有对称性,所以应填see,与空白处前面的come动词形式一致。
He enjoys staying in bed and _________ newspapers.
A. read B. reading
C. to read D. to be reading
析:B. and 具有对称性,所以应填reading,与空白处前面的staying动词形式一致。
He has spent a lot more time studying English than I .
A. do B. did C. have D. had
析:C. than具有对称性,所以应填have,与空白处前面的has spent所体现的现在完成时一致。
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