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2022-03-01

中国科技教育 2022年1期
关键词:石斑鱼朱诺风暴

2021-11-05

封面图上展示的是火星耶泽罗陨石坑的色彩增强光学图像,由“毅力号”火星探测器的Mastcam-Z仪器拍摄于2021 年4 月18 日。图片中前景的平顶山,俗称科迪亚克孤丘,绵延2.2 千米,宽250 米。它暴露出的古老的层状岩石,表明了河流三角洲沉积物逐渐堆积的过程,以及之后的洪水来袭。

Enhanced-color optical image of Jezero crater, Mars,taken by the Per severance rover’s Mastcam-Z instrumenton 18 April 2021.The foreground flat-topped hill,informally named Kodiak butte,is 2.2 kilometers distant and 250meters wide. It exposes ancient layered rocks that indicate gradual deposition of sediments in a river delta, followed by floods.

2021-11-12

封面圖展示的是1只老虎石斑鱼(黑带平鲉)正在礁石群中游弋。老虎石斑鱼的寿命可长达116岁。通过对88个品种的基因组分析揭示出了石斑鱼寿命的遗传基础,寿命最短的石斑鱼(少鳍平鲉)为11年,寿命超长的糙眼岩鱼(阿留申平鲉)可存活超过200年。

A tiger rockfish (Sebastesnigrocinctus ) nestled in a clusterof rocks. Tiger rockfish can liveas long as 116 years. A genomicanalysis of 88 species reveals thegenetic underpinnings of rockfishlife spans, which range from 11years for the shortest-lived species(Sebastes minor ) to >200 yearsfor the ultra-long-lived rougheyerockfish (Sebastes aleutianus ).

2021-11-19

封面图展示的是木星大气层的光学图像,由“朱诺号”太空探测器拍摄。云顶的颜色因成分不同而不同,可能是水、氨和硫化氢铵的混合物。图中左下方的大型狭长风暴被称为“ 驳船”;在图中右上方可以看到一个更接近圆形的白色风暴。来自朱诺探测器的微波和引力场数据有限,尚无法探知这个气态巨星风暴的深度。

Optical image of Jupiter’satmosphere , taken by the Juno spacecraft. The cloud topcolors vary because of differingcompositions, probably mixtures ofwater, ammonia, and ammoniumhydrosulfide. The large elongatedstorm in the lower left is knownas a barge; a more circular whitestorm is visible at the top right.Microwave and gravitational fielddata from Juno constrain thedepths of the gas giant’s storms.

2021-11-26

炎症是许多人类疾病的共同特征。此外,越来越明确的是,它也是许多核心生物过程的必要组成部分,包括新陈代谢、伤口愈合及神经发育等。本期特刊重点介绍了我们对炎症生物学的最新理解,特别是其在体内平衡、细胞死亡、器官间交叉效应和病毒感染中的作用。

Inflammation is a commonfeature of many human diseases.Moreover,it is becomin gincreasingly clear that it is alsointegral to a variety of corebiological processes,includingmetabolism, wound healing, andneurological development. Thisspecial issue highlights recentadvances in our understanding ofinflammation biology,especiallyits role in homeostasis,cell death,interorgan cross-talk,and viralinfection.(陶陶 编译)

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