Research on Evaluation and Development of Industrial Heritage Tourism Resources in Textile Valley

Xiaomei LIU, Hui WANG, Weijun ZHAO*, Xiaomeng JI

1. School of Tourism, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China; 2. College of Physical Education, Taishan University, Taian 271000, China; 3. Management College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China

Abstract This paper selects Qingdao Textile Valley as the research object, establishes the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources, and analyzes the evaluation factors of industrial heritage tourism resources, such as resource element value, market location value, and environmental factors. Then this paper puts forward some effective suggestions to promote the development of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley. The results show that the measures put forward, such as fully tapping the value of resource elements, improving the surrounding traffic environment, perfecting tourism signs, perfecting local traffic routes, improving the complementarity of tourism resources, and expanding the tourist market, can scientifically and effectively protect urban industrial heritage, improve the development level of urban tourism, and speed up the transformation of new and old energy in Qingdao.

Key words Textile Valley, Industrial heritage tourism, Resource evaluation

1 Introduction

The most authoritative concept of industrial heritage in the world originated from the

Nizhny

Tagil

Charter

adopted by the International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) in 2003: it refers to industrial cultural sites of historical, social, architectural, technical or scientific value, including buildings, machinery, workshops, and sites of industrial social activities. China Industrial Heritage Protection Forum (2006) pointed out that industrial heritage includes industrial buildings such as factories and workshops, mines and other related processing and smelting sites, places for energy production and transmission and use, transportation facilities, places for social activities related to industrial production.

Industrial heritage tourism is a new way of tourism that can attract people to understand industrial civilization and culture by protecting and reusing original factory buildings, industrial machinery and production equipment in abandoned industrial sites. The study of industrial heritage in China started relatively late, and in the middle of 1990s, it gradually shifted from the field of architecture to urban development strategy, industrial tourism, regional landscape planning and so on. On January 27, 2018, the "China Industrial Heritage Protection List (the First Batch)" was released, which covers the industrial heritage of military industry, railway, shipbuilding and other categories, and identified more than a dozen state-level industrial heritage museums, such as Hanyeping Iron and Steel Plant and Tsingtao Beer Plant, to promote the development of industrial heritage tourism. Due to the influence of cultural background, location conditions and other factors, the development of industrial heritage tourism varies in different parts of our country, and the development path also tends to be diversified. This paper summarizes the relevant research results, with reference to the main development models of industrial heritage tourism at home and abroad, the development paths of industrial heritage tourism include: the cultural exhibition model represented by Tsingtao Beer Museum; the transformation and reuse mode of public recreation space represented by Zhongshan Qijiang Park; the model of cultural and creative industry zone represented by Beijing 798 Art Zone; the model of multi-functional comprehensive development integrating rest and entertainment, visiting, shopping and so on. In order to promote the scientific and effective protection of industrial heritage and promote the development of industrial tourism in China, this paper selects Qingdao Textile Valley for empirical research, and puts forward development measures on the basis of the evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resources.

2 Present situation of the development of tourism in Qingdao Textile Valley

2.1 Overview of the development of Qingdao Textile Valley

Textile Valley, formerly known as the Shanghai Yarn Mill built in 1934, was later built as the original No.5 National Cotton Factory in Qingdao. In May 2016, under the leadership and support of the government, Textile Valley (Huaxu 168), an integrated innovation platform for the textile industry, was built on the basis of the original factory site, which integrates the functions of finance, economy and trade, cultural expo, creative design, public recreation and so on. Qingdao Municipal Government has conducted full research on popular science education, entrepreneurial development, cultural inheritance, scientific and technological innovation and other aspects of Textile Valley. The construction and development of Textile Valley has been strongly supported by Qingdao Municipal Government and industry associations.

2.2 Development status of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley

Textile Valley takes the textile industry as the theme, combined with business photography, creative culture, economy and trade, textile R & D and innovation to form an integrated gathering place for many kinds of industries, which is the embodiment of the function of cultural expo. It also has an economic and trade zone combined with tourism and shopping. The park retains its historical buildings and has a certain public recreation space for leisure and entertainment. The textile industry plays an important role in the history of industrial and commercial development in Qingdao, and Textile Valley has a high urban symbolic power to a certain extent. Qingdao citizens have a strong sense of identity with textile valley culture, which has a high correlation with residents’ life, and its technology is unique, so it has a certain influence in terms of popular science education.At present, there are many problems in industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley. It is far away from the urban areas, residential areas and other places with large passenger flow, and the surrounding traffic is mainly based on highway, without subway, railway,

etc.

, and the accessibility is relatively low. The construction period is short, the popularity is not high, and the tourist source market is small, only limited to Shibei District. The entrance to Textile Valley is located at the crossroads, and the road is relatively narrow, resulting in inconvenient parking of vehicles. There is a lack of systematic and complete tourism signs, traffic signs, safety signs and so on in the textile valley area. The incompleteness of tourism logo increases the difficulty of the management of Textile Valley scenic spot and reduces the tourism experience of tourists.

3 Evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resources in Qingdao Textile Valley

3.1 Evaluation factors and weight of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley under AHP

According to the principle of selecting AHP evaluation factors and the comprehensive evaluation layer of the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources, the historical and cultural value, scientific and technological value, artistic and aesthetic value, market location value and environmental status of industrial heritage resources in Textile Valley are determined as evaluation indexes, and sub-layer evaluation factors are established one by one.

After the consistency check by AHP (analytic hierarchy process), experts in relevant fields are organized to determine the weight of evaluation factors in the comprehensive evaluation layer. It is concluded that in the comprehensive evaluation layer, the value of resource elements is the basic condition for the development of industrial heritage tourism, and the value of resource elements accounts for the largest proportion, which is 0.648 3. Due to the development of transportation and communication conditions, the restrictive effect of market location value on the development of tourism resources is gradually decreasing, and the market location value accounts for 0.229 7. Environmental factors have little influence on the value of industrial heritage tourism resources, accounting for 0.122. The evaluation model of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley is as follows:

where

Z

is the comprehensive value of the evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resources,

X

is the specific score of evaluation factor

j

,

V

is the weight of evaluation factor

j

in the evaluation model, and

n

represents the number of indexes in the score table.

3.2 Evaluation and analysis of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley

3.2.1

resource element value.

Table 1 Evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resource element value in Textile Valley

(i) Historical and cultural values: (a) long history: Textile Valley is the original No.5 Qingdao National Cotton Factory, which was built by a Japanese company in march 1934, the time is between 1931-1948, scoring 6 points. (b) industry pioneering: the factory was established during the War of Resistance against Japan, and the establishment of the textile factory in Qingdao was very groundbreaking for the development of light industry, scoring 8 points. (c) city symbolic power: the textile industry plays an important role in the industrial and commercial development of Qingdao, while the textile factory is established by foreign enterprises, which, to a certain extent, can reflect the city image of Qingdao, with a symbolic power, scoring 7 points. (d) residents’ sense of identity: the textile factory has been built for a long time, and has many facilities convenient for the people, such as staff dormitory, kindergarten, hospital and power plant, residents have a certain sense of identity, scoring 5 points. (e) correlation with residents’ life: the textile industry provides a large number of jobs for local residents, and has a strong correlation with residents’ life, scoring 8 points.

(ii) Value of science and technology: (a) the advanced nature of technology: the reformed Textile Valley integrates modern textile technology, sale, commercial auction, cultural exhibition and other industries, and is extremely advanced in the industrial technology of the textile industry, scoring 8 points. (b) process uniqueness: Textile Valley takes the textile industry as the theme, not only has modern textile technology, but also retains ancient textile machinery in its museum, which is unique with a score of 8 points. (c) scientific and technological influence: in 2015, the Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security of Shibei District of Qingdao awarded Textile Valley "Qingdao Shibei Entrepreneurship Park" and Qingdao Human Resources and Social Security Bureau awarded it "Textile Valley Entrepreneurship Park", it attracts a large number of entrepreneurs, but its scientific and technological influence is limited to the textile industry, and its scientific and technological influence is at average level, scoring 4 points.

(iii) artistic and aesthetic value: (a) building integrity: according to the field investigation, Textile Valley has been transformed on the basis of the original No.5 Qingdao National Cotton Factory, and the main body of the building still exists, but the interior of the building has been transformed, scoring 5 points. (b) scarcity: the architectural characteristics of the original factory building are not prominent, and its textile museum retains its historical features, slightly with German architectural features, scoring 5 points. (c) architectural beauty: on the basis of the current transformation, the architectural style of the business photography area is unique, which is in line with the current public aesthetics, and the building is beautiful, scoring 6 points.

3.2.2

Location value. Market location value: (a) accessibility: the entrance is located at the crossroads, the road is narrow, the parking of vehicles is inconvenient, the accessibility is poor, scoring 2 points. (b) market location: Textile Valley is located at No.80 Siliu South Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City; as for Qingdao as a whole, its economic location is far away from the tourist source market, the market profit space is small, and the market location is poor, scoring 3 points. (c) traffic accessibility: it is far away from the main urban area, the surrounding traffic is mainly based on highway, there is no subway, railway,

etc.

, it is located along Siliu South Road, and the traffic accessibility is low, scoring 3 points.

Table 2 Evaluation of the location value of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley

3.2.3

Environmental factors. Environment status: (a) combination of heritage resources distribution areas: there is no distribution of heritage resources around, and the regional combination is poor, scoring 4 points. (b) complementarity with other tourism resources: there is a lack of high-quality tourism resources around (only the Beiling Mountain Forest Park in Qingdao), which is poorly complementary with its tourism resources, scoring 2 points.

Table 3 Evaluation of environmental factors for industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley

3.3 Conclusions

According to the evaluation factor score in the evaluation score table of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley, combined with the weight, we draw the following conclusions. The full score of the value of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley is 80.644, and the lowest score is 0. The full score of the value of resource elements is 71.313; the full score of location value is 6.891; the full score of environmental elements is 2.44. The comprehensive evaluation score of value of the industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley is 47.950 6, accounting for 59.46%. The score of resource element value is 45.381, accounting for 63.64%; the score of location value is 1.837 6, accounting for 26.67%; the score of environmental elements is 0.732, accounting for 30%.

Through the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources, the comprehensive value of industrial heritage tourism resources is classified as follows: if the score is between 48.386 4 and 80.644, it indicates that the value of industrial heritage tourism resources is extremely high; if the score is between 24.193 2 and 48.386 4, it indicates that the industrial heritage tourism resources have high value; if the score is between 0 and 24.193 2, it indicates that the value of industrial heritage tourism resources is at average level.

Fig.1 Comprehensive evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley

The comprehensive value of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley is 47.950 6, indicating that Textile Valley has a high value of industrial heritage tourism resources. It can reflect the certain historical process of the industrial development of Qingdao, has a high artistic, aesthetic, historical and cultural value, and has a high value of industrial and cultural entity remains. Therefore, scientific and reasonable measures and planning should be taken to improve the level of development and protection of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley, so as to promote the development of industrial heritage tourism in Qingdao.

4 Suggestions on the development of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley

Based on the results of the evaluation of industrial heritage tourism resources in Textile Valley, combined with field investigation and interviews, the following suggestions are put forward:

4.1 Fully tapping the value of resource elements

In the score table of industrial heritage tourism resources evaluation system in Textile Valley, its historical, cultural, artistic and aesthetic value score is high, accounting for a large proportion, far exceeding the proportion of its market location value and environmental factors. Therefore, in the process of the development of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley, we should vigorously tap the value of its resource elements, and give full play to its historical and cultural value, craft uniqueness and scientific and technological influence. It is necessary to improve the surrounding traffic environment, improve the accessibility of Textile Valley, strengthen the publicity of Textile Valley landmarks, plan the tourism route of industrial heritage in Textile Valley, and regulate random parking in the surrounding area, to improve the traffic environment.

4.2 Improving travel signs

The travel sign is of great significance in guiding tourists, conveying tourism information, enhancing tourists’ experience and assisting tourists in completing tourism activities. It is necessary to improve traffic signs, safety signs, tourism signs and so on, in order to improve the tourism identification system and make the development of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley more standardized and scientific.

4.3 Improving the traffic routes in the park

As Textile Valley is built on the basis of the original No.5 Cotton Factory, the traffic conditions in its historical park can not meet the traffic needs of tourists. It is necessary to improve the comfort and convenience of vehicles as soon as possible, enhance the accessibility of roads, and plan scientific and reasonable sightseeing routes.

4.4 Improving the complementarity of tourism resources

There is a lack of high-quality tourism resources around Textile Valley (only the Beiling Mountain Forest Park in Qingdao). The surrounding tourism resources should be tapped to improve the attractiveness of tourism resources (such as the sea area near the cross-sea bridge, which has the function of sightseeing), in order to strengthen the integration of tourism resources.

4.5 Expanding the tourist market

It is necessary to strengthen cooperation with travel agencies, universities, enterprises,

etc.

, and organize regular industrial heritage tourism activities. It is necessary to further enhance the popularity of tourism, expand the tourist market, spread the knowledge of textile industry culture and popular science culture and education, and carry forward its century-old history and culture.