2020年12月大学英语四、六级作文试题评析（一）

马小红

四级

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Changes in the Way of Transportation”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

这道大学英语四级作文题目要求考生论述transportation方式的变化。为了明确所讨论的话题，我们不妨用定义法开头，即开篇先给transportation下一个通俗的定义，然后提出本文所要论述的主题：从独木舟到宇宙飞船，我们人类见证了交通方式的巨大变化。

第二段分析交通方式发生巨大变化的原因。由于本文是一篇议论文而非说明文，所以分析原因就成了本文的重点。为了使分析透彻，我们不妨从两个方面展开，而且每个方面都要有细节支撑。我们可以先指出科技发展是交通方式变化的推动力量。然后我们举出一些例子证明这一点：在古代，我们只能徒步旅行或者骑马和骆驼;随着蒸汽机的问世，我们能够乘坐汽车和火车旅行;现在由于民航的迅速发展，我们可以在周末坐飞机到国外旅行。接下来，我们再指出交通方式变化的另一个推动因素是生活水平的提高。比如，随着经济的快速发展，私家车的拥有量迅速增加，于是越来越多的人开车上下班。本文可以用建议法结尾。第三段先指出随着科技的发展，我们会有更快、更安全和更方便的交通方式。然后建议优先发展公共交通，以缓解城市地区的交通拥堵。下面请看参考范文：

Transportation refers to any type of vehicle that we can travel in or carry goods in. From the canoe to the space shuttle， we human beings have witnessed dramatic changes in the way of transportation.

Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes. In ancient times， people simply travelled on foot or rode on camels and horses. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains. Now we can take a weekend trip abroad by air due to the fast development of civil aviation. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds. As a result， increasing numbers of people drive to and from work in the comfort of their cars.

With technology advancing， we will have faster， safer and more convenient transportation options. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （172 words）

语言亮点借鉴：

1. Advances in technology are the driving force behind the changes.（技术进步是这些变化背后的推动力量。）

2. With the advent of the steam engine， however， we were able to get around in steamships and trains.（而隨着蒸汽机的问世，我们能够乘坐轮船和火车到处旅行。）get around到处旅行。

3. Another contributing factor is the improvement in living standard.（另一个起作用的因素是生活水平的提高。）“Another contributing factor is …”是分析第二条原因的常见写法。

4. For example， with the economy developing rapidly， private vehicle ownership has been growing by leaps and bounds.（例如，随着经济的快速发展，私家车的拥有量迅速增加。）by leaps and bounds（改善或增长）非常迅速地。

5. It is advised that priority be given to the development of public transport to ease traffic congestion in metro areas. （建议优先发展公共交通，以缓解城市地区的交通拥堵。）“It is advised that …”是提建议的一个常见句型，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。public transport公共交通 = public transportation （AmE）。

六级

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on why students should be encouraged to develop effective communication skills. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

这道大学英语六级作文题目要求考生论述为什么学生应该被鼓励提高有效的交流能力。记得2018年6月的大学英语四级作文曾经考过阅读、写作、口头表达能力的重要性及如何培养。显然，本题中的communication skills的含义更加广泛，包括听、说、读、写各个方面。

本文可以写三个段落，第一段引出所要讨论的话题。引出话题的方法多种多样，本文不妨采用故事法，即作文的第一段先讲一个故事。这种开头富有人情味，能增强作文的可读性。用故事法开头要注意两点：第一，故事要简短，因为它只是一个引子;第二，故事要与文章的话题密切相关，能自然地引出所要讨论的话题。第二段论述为什么学生应该被鼓励提高有效的交际能力。为了使论述充分，我们要善于从不同的层面来展开论述。就本题而言，我们可以从事业和家庭两个层面论述交际能力对学生的重要性。首先，从事业层面来说，一个善于交际的人能够在面试中脱颖而出、找到工作并在工作中表现出色。然后引用某大学的一项研究来证明交际能力在职场上的重要性。其次，从家庭层面来说，良好的交际能力能让人拥有美满的家庭生活，因为有效的交流是家庭幸福的基石。接着我们再从反面论证，指出缺乏交际能力会导致家庭成员之间的误解和摩擦。第三段先总结全文，指出有效的交际能力在个人和事业两个方面对学生有帮助，然后水到渠成地建议学校重视鼓励学生提高交际能力。下面请看参考范文：

Andy Wang， a top student of our department， has been crestfallen recently. He was turned down again at the job interview last week because of his poor communication skills. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.

Effective communication skills are vital for a student’s future career and family life. An effective communicator can ace an interview， get a job and excel in his work. A Stony Brook University study finds that the ability to communicate effectively with superiors， colleagues and clients is essential， regardless of the industry in which he works. Besides， good communication skills contribute to a satisfying home life， as effective communication is a cornerstone of family happiness. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.

It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators. （176 words）

語言亮点借鉴：

1. Wang’s case is hardly unique in today’s society， where communication is considered as the most valuable skill.（王的例子并非个案，因为在当今社会交流被认为是一项最宝贵的技能。）

2. The absence of communication， on the other hand， often leads to misunderstanding and friction among family members.（另一方面，缺乏交流经常导致家庭成员之间的误解和摩擦。）on the other hand另一方面，表示上下文之间是转折或对比的关系。

3. It is no exaggeration to say that effective communication skills help a student in every sphere of life， whether it be personal or professional.（毫不夸张地说，有效的交流技巧会在生活的各个方面帮助学生，不管是个人方面还是职业方面。）由whether引导的让步状语从句多用虚拟语气。

4. Therefore， school authorities should make it a point to encourage students to become expert communicators.（因此，学校领导应当特别重视鼓励学生成为交际高手。）make it a point to do sth特别重视做某事。                                □