介词后填名词还是动名词？

杨华新

在做语法填空，遇到在介词后面填词，括号内的提示词是动词时，不少学生甚至老师会感到困惑：因介词后既可接名词也可接动名词，究竟是填该动词的名词形式，还是用动名词形式？

请看下面这道高考题：

You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of _________（die）early by running.

此题到底是填death呢？还是填dying？

我们知道，动名词具有名词的用法，同时也依然有动词的性质。如，动名词可以接宾语，也可以被副词修饰。因本题所给动词后有副词early修饰，应填die的动名词形式dying。

注意：若把原题稍作改动，将early置于空格前，即reduce your risk of early_________（die），那么，此处的early就成了形容词，形容词修饰名词，就应填die的名词形式death。

判断介词后所给动词是填其名词形式还是填动名词形式，可以根据以下几个方面来确定。

一、空格后有宾语，填动名词形式

Eventually they realized the importance of  ________（protect）wildlife.

解析：所给动词后接有名词wildlife作宾语，要用所给动词的动名词形式，填protecting。

二、空格后有状语修饰，填动名词形式

He hesitated for a while before ________（reply）politely.

解析：宾格后副词politely（有礼地）修饰，填动词reply的动名词形式replying。

三、空格前有定语修饰，或有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、冠词等限定词时，填名词形式

Eventually they realized the importance of wildlife ________ （protect）.

解析：空格前有名词wildlife充当定语，填名词protection，表示“野生动物保护”。

四、空格后无宾语或状语，填名词形式

1. Theres little possibility of _________（succeed）for her.

2. ...，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _________（achieve）.

解析：空格后无名词或从句作宾语，也无副词修饰，故填名词形式。分别填success， achievement。

当然，有时用两种形式都可以。如：

After（graduate）        from university， my brother chose to work as a physics teacher in a small village.

此题填名词graduation或动名词graduating均可。

实战演练

请同学们根据以上判断方法，独立完成以下练习。

1.（1）After _______（think）for a while， he soon came up with a perfect idea.

（2）Without a moments _______（think）， he soon came up with a perfect idea.

2.（1）Thank you from the bottom of my heart for _______（invite）me to your birthday party.

（2）Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your _______（invite）.

3.（1）Thanks a lot for _______（assist）me in learning chemistry.

（2）Thanks a lot for your_______（assist）in learning chemistry.

4.（1）With the boy _______（guide）us， we had no trouble getting to the destination.

（2）Under the _______（guide）of the boy， we had no trouble getting to the destination.

5.（1）On _______（arrive）there， we were warmly welcomed.

（2）On our _______（arrive）， we were warmly welcomed.

6.（1）After a long time of _______（fly）， the birds stopped for a rest.

（2）After _______（fly）for a long time， the birds stopped for a rest.

7. The development was only possible with the _______（develop）of these new railway lines.

8.（1）After a brief _______（introduce）， I showed the British visitors around the local places of interest.

（2）After _______（introduce）myself briefly， I showed the British visitors around the local places of interest.

9.（1）After careful _______（consider）he agreed to go there with us.

（2）After ________（consider）carefully he agreed to go there with us.

參考答案

1.（1）thinking （2）thought  2.（1）inviting（2）invitation  3.（1）assisting（2）assistance  4.（1）guiding（2）guidance  5.（1）arriving（2）arrival  6.（1）flight（2）flying  7. development  8.（1）introduction（2）introducing  9.（1）consideration（2）considering

责任编辑 蒋小青