Present Situations and Suggestions for Large-scale Development of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

Wei LU, Xinyu WANG, Yu ZHAO, Ming GUO, Meiyan PEI, Zhimin WEI*, Chuan LU*

1. National Semi-arid Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; 2. Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Coarse Cereals Research Laboratory/ National Millet Crop Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; 3. Guyuan Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guyuan 076550, China; 4.Hanshan Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Handan 05001, China

Abstract In this paper, based on the study of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. planting, it is concluded that the current situations of large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd. include the following four aspects: first, the research on C. quinoa Willd. varieties needs to be strengthened; second, it is insufficient to master the training environment and cultivation techniques; third, the large-scale planting of C. quinoa Willd. is not enough; fourth, the degree of mechanization of C. quinoa Willd. planting is not enough. In view of the above situation, this paper puts forward the following effective suggestions to strengthen the large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd.: the first is to increase the investment in C. quinoa Willd. variety research; the second is to strengthen the analysis of introduction and screening of C. quinoa Willd. varieties; the third is to study the best planting environment and cultivation techniques of C. quinoa Willd.; the fourth is to increase the scale of mechanized production of C. quinoa Willd.; the fifth is to increase the research and development of C. quinoa Willd. related products and their deep processing technology.

Key words Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Large-scale development, Present situations, Suggestions

1 Introduction

Chenopodium

quinoa

Willd. is native to South America. It is a crop product resistant to drought, low temperature and barrenness.

C

.

quinoa

Willd. has rich nutritional value and is rich in a variety of nutrients, and can resist in adjuvant treatment for many diseases. Therefore,

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is more and more favored by people all over the world, many countries begin to introduce

C

.

quinoa

Willd. for planting, and the world market is very huge. China has a large population base and a large demand for

C

.

quinoa

Willd. With the Chinese people’s in-depth understanding of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., China will become the largest producer and consumer of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. in the future. Therefore, at present, it is necessary to promote the large-scale production and planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., so as to meet the needs of Chinese people for

C

.

quinoa

Willd.

2 Present situation of large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd.

2.1 Variety research needs to be strengthened

In the current

C

.

quinoa

Willd. cultivation, many

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties are not studied enough. The varieties of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. are not optimized enough, and the plant and ear types of many

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties are separated and the height is not consistent. There is a large color gap. The maturity period of the same

C

.

quinoa

Willd. variety in the field is also different. Therefore, the above phenomena show that the current research on

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties is insufficient.

2.2 Insufficient mastery of training environment and cultivation techniques

In the current planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., there are many factors that will affect its growth. Altitude, for example, has a great influence on

C

.

quinoa

Willd. The seed setting rate of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is low in areas with lower elevations. If the temperature is more than 30 degrees Celsius, it will also cause

C

.

quinoa

Willd. not to bear fruit. And

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is also greatly affected by the threat of various diseases and pests. How to control

C

.

quinoa

Willd. diseases and pests is also a difficult problem and key research field. However, the current actual situation is that the related research on the influence of altitude, yield and quality in

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting is insufficient. There are even gaps in many areas.

2.3 Large-scale planting is not enough

For the large-scale planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., many domestic companies do not pay enough attention and lack participation, and do not realize the importance of large-scale planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. and its large-scale industrial benefits. The company’s awareness of large-scale production is not enough, so the enthusiasm and participation in

C

.

quinoa

Willd. large-scale production is not high.

2.4 Degree of planting mechanization is not enough

At present, due to the characteristics of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., the degree of mechanization of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting is not enough. In the planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., it is difficult to mechanize the precision sowing of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. because of the small quantity of seeds used, and the degree of mechanization of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. sowing is not high in the actual planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. In the harvest season of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., due to the variety problems of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., the height of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is highly uneven and the maturity is not consistent, which makes the mechanization of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. harvesting difficult. Therefore, the degree of mechanization in the current

C

.

quinoa

Willd. harvest is not high.

3 Suggestions on strengthening the large-scale development of C. quinoa Willd.

3.1 Increasing investment in

.

Willd. variety research

At present, one of the problems in the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is that the quality of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties is uneven, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the overall quality of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties. Only if the variety of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is good, can we provide a good beginning for the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. and realize the possibility of large-scale planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. If the varieties of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. are not good, even if efforts are made to expand the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., the results will not be the best. Therefore, the variety research of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is the top priority to increasing the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. products.To increase the investment in

C

.

quinoa

Willd. variety research, we can start from the following aspects: first, it is necessary to increase the investment in variety research and development of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., which can be carried out with the help of the relevant producers of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. The second is to increase the training of talents related to

C

.

quinoa

Willd. variety research, so as to provide the possibility for the research and development of new

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties. The talent for

C

.

quinoa

Willd. variety research can be cultivated within the enterprise or through the introduction and absorption of outstanding talents in the society. The third is to increase the importance to large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd.

3.2 Strengthening analysis of the introduction and screening of

.

Willd. varieties

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is an exotic variety, and domestic research on

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties also needs a process and time. So how can we strengthen the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. during this period? We can start from the introduction and selection of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties. Professional staff should be organized to study and analyze the existing varieties of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., and then the local climate, geography, soil and other conditions should be considered before selecting and introducing the

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties most suitable for local growth and cultivation.

3.3 Studying the optimum planting environment and cultivation techniques of

.

Willd.

At present, a problem in the cultivation of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. in China is that there is not enough mastery and research on the planting environment and cultivation techniques of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. in China. In order to carry out large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., it is necessary to have deep understanding and mastery of the planting environment and early culture techniques, and to train various

C

.

quinoa

Willd. producers and skilled workers. At present, the existing research results are that fresh

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is suitable to grow in areas with high altitude, and the higher the altitude is, the colder the temperature is, which is more suitable for the planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. and the increase of its yield. However, at present, the research on how humidity affects the growth of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is relatively vague, and agronomists have not yet obtained a more reliable conclusion and results. At present, there are some studies on whether

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is suitable to be planted in saline-alkali soil in China. The suitable growth environment of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. should be studied, and the research on the planting and cultivation techniques of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is also a top priority.The cultivation techniques of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. can be studied from the following aspects: The first is to study the suitable sowing time of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. Choosing the appropriate sowing time of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. can reduce the effect of temperature at flowering stage on the growth of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. and make

C

.

quinoa

Willd. have a higher pollination rate. The second is to study the suitable planting mode of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., involving ridging and film mulching planting, intermission seeding, out-of-season planting, multiple cropping and so on. The third is to study the fertilizer and the proportion of fertilizer needed in the planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. It is best to develop a special fertilizer for growing

C

.

quinoa

Willd. We should have a clear conclusion on the proportion of fertilizer needed and determine what kind of fertilizer is needed for each growth period of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., in order to facilitate the large-scale planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. The fourth is the study on the diseases and pests to

C

.

quinoa

Willd. The main diseases and pests are cutworms and sparrows. For the control of cutworms, we can apply pesticide to the soil before planting

C

.

quinoa

Willd. to play a certain control effect. Anti-sparrow net is mainly used to control sparrows in

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting. Fifth, there is no herbicide specifically for

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting at present. And any herbicide is easy to cause drug damage to

C

.

quinoa

Willd. In view of this phenomenon, it is necessary to strengthen the research on professional herbicides for

C

.

quinoa

Willd. cultivation.

3.4 Increasing the scale of mechanized production of

.

Willd.

When introducing and planting

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties, we should consider how to mechanize the introduction of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. Mechanized production can reduce the input of human labor and production cost. In order to carry out large-scale mechanized production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., it is necessary to optimize it from the following aspects: first, it is necessary to strengthen the research on

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties to make the maturity time difference of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties as small as possible, which is conducive to the large-scale harvest of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. The second is to improve the machinery to adapt to the characteristics of small quantity of seeds used in the sowing period of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., making it possible to use mechanized production on a large scale when sowing

C

.

quinoa

Willd.

3.5 Increasing the research and development of

.

Willd. related products and their deep processing technologies

One of the forces that

C

.

quinoa

Willd. needs for large-scale production can be the research and development of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. related products and deep processing technologies. At present, the developed

C

.

quinoa

Willd. products include wine, drinks, baked goods, fine dried noodles, biscuits, bread, pastries, all kinds of snacks and health products, cosmetics, beauty products and so on. Other

C

.

quinoa

Willd. related products and deep processing technologies need to be studied with more attention in the future.

4 Conclusion

In this paper, based on the study of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting, it is concluded that the current situations of large-scale development of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. include the following four aspects: first, the research on

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties needs to be strengthened; second, it is insufficient to master the training environment and cultivation techniques; third, the large-scale planting of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. is not enough; fourth, the degree of mechanization of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. planting is not enough.In view of the above situation, this paper puts forward the following effective suggestions to strengthen the large-scale development of

C

.

quinoa

Willd.: the first is to increase the investment in

C

.

quinoa

Willd. variety research; the second is to strengthen the analysis of introduction and screening of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. varieties; the third is to study the best planting environment and cultivation techniques of

C

.

quinoa

Willd.; the fourth is to increase the scale of mechanized production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd.; the fifth is to increase the research and development of

C

.

quinoa

Willd. related products and their deep processing technology. It is hoped that through the analysis and study of the current situation in this paper and the proposal to strengthen the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd., it can contribute to the large-scale production of

C

.

quinoa

Willd.